managemnet

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth used "_________ __________" to identify and remove wasteful movements so workers could be more efficient and productive

"motion studies"

What are some things Managers often do

-Hire people who are like them -Think they are immune to conflicts of interest -Take more credit than they deserve -Blame others when they deserve some blame themselves

Taylor's Four Principles of Scientific Management

-Management should develop a precise, scientific approach for each element of one's work. -Management should scientifically select, train, teach, and develop each worker. -Management should cooperate with workers. -Management should ensure an appropriate division of work and responsibility.

Each organization functions in a close, immediate competitive environment consisting of:

-The rivalry among existing competitors -The threat of new entrants -The threat of substitute and complementary products -The bargaining power of suppliers -The bargaining power of buyers

market culture ex: oil and natural gas companies

-external oriented and focus on control -primary objectives are productivity, planning, and efficiency -members motivated by rewards

adhocracy culture Ex: apple

-externally oriented and flexible -emphasizes change in which growth, resource acquisition, and innovations are stressed -leaders tend to be entrepreneurial and risk takers

Clan culture

-internally oriented and flexible -based on the values and norms associated with the firm -leaders tend to act as mentors and facilitators -member development and values participation in decision making

hierarchy culture ex: U.S army force

-internally oriented by more focus on control and stability -values and norms associated with a bureaucracy -

Five components of an organization's competitive environment

1.Impact of new competitors 2.Power of customers 3.Impact of substitute or complement services or products 4.Power of suppliers 5.Competition between existing rivals in the industry

Three Criteria Help You Choose the Best Approach

1.managers need to change what can be changed 2.managers should use the appropriate response 3. Managers should choose responses that offer the most benefit at the lowest cost.

As early as ________, the Chinese applied the managerial concepts of delegation, cooperation, efficiency, organization, and control.

1100bc

Around ________, the Venetians standardized production through the use of an assembly line..

1436

In ______, Adam Smith discussed control and the principle of specialization with regard to manufacturing workers.

1776

Around ___________, the Greeks recognized management as a separate art and advocated a scientific approach to work.

400-350bc

Around _______, the Egyptians used planning, organizing, leading, and controlling to build their great pyramids

4000bc

In ________, Sun Tzu discussed the importance of planning and leading in his book The Art of War.

500bc

what is the Philanthropic level of corporate social responsibility

Additional behaviors and activities that society finds desirable and that the values of the business support

Scientific management

Applied scientific methods to analyze and determine the "one best way"

The process of comparing an organization's practices and technologies with those of other companies

Benchmarking

Creating supplies of excess resources in case of unpredictable needs

Buffering

Responding to the environment includes

Buffering, smoothing, flexible processes

Ethical dilemmas

CEO Pay Commercialization in schools Religion at work Sweatshops Raising min. wage

Ethical principles established by international executives based in Caux, Switzerland, in collaboration with business leaders from Japan, Europe, and the United States

Caux principles

Who Published The Functions of the Executive in 1938 outlining the role of the senior executive:

Chester Barnard

Organizational culture includes

Clan, adhocracy, hierarchy, market

"level 5 leaders" Good to Great

Collins

What are some Ethics Programs

Compliance-based ethics programs Integrity-based ethics programs

Proposes that the managerial strategies, structures, and processes that result in high performance depend on the characteristics, or important contingencies, or the situation in which they are applied

Contingency perspective (Contemporary Approaches )

which of the four functions of management Monitoring and reacting to performance

Controlling

leader's success Seven Habits of Highly Effective People

Covey

Characteristics of an Effective Bureaucracy

DIVISION OF LABOR-Tasks, assignments, and authority are specified AUTHORITY-A chain of command or hierarchy is well established QUALIFICATIONS-Employees are selected and promoted based on merit OWNERSHIP-Managers, not owners, should run the organization RULES-Impersonal rules should be applied consistently and fairly.

need for organizations to set clear objectives Popularized concepts such as MBO, decentralization, humans as assets, and knowledge workers

Drucker

Sustainable growth

Economic growth and development that meet present needs without harming the needs of future generations

Levels of corporate social responsibility are

Economic, legal, ethical, philanthropic

An ethical principle holding that individual self-interest is the actual motive of all conscious action

Egoism

decisional role

Entrepreneur, disturbance handler-finds solutions resource allocator- how to use the money negotiator

To keep up with the environment you could

Environmental scanning, scenarios, competitive intelligence, forecasting, benchmarking

Speed

Fast and timely execution, response, and delivery of results

which level of management are Lower-level managers who execute the operational activities of the organization

Frontline managers

gantt is also known for creating the ____________, which helps employees and managers plan projects by task and time to complete those tasks.

Gantt chart

Major Challenges Facing Managers

Globalization Technological change The importance of knowledge and ideas Collaboration across organizational boundaries Increasingly diverse labor force

Ecocentric management

Goal is the creation of sustainable economic development and improvement of quality of life worldwide for all organizational stakeholder

management innovation Ranked as the "world's most influential business thinker"

Hamel -

who advocated administrative management, a classical management approach that attempted to identify major principles and functions that managers could use to achieve superior organizational performance.

Henri Fayol

Concerns the value of each person as an end, not a means to the fulfillment of others' purposes

Human dignity

A classical management approach that attempted to understand and explain how human psychological and social processes interact with the formal aspects of the work situation to influence performance

Human relations (Classical Approaches)

Ethical climate

In an organization, the processes by which decisions are evaluated and made on the basis of right and wrong

Strategies that an organization acting on its own uses to change some aspect of its current environment

Independent strategies

_____________is the introduction of new goods and services. Often the most important innovation is not the product itself, but how it is delivered

Innovation

Sources of Competitive Advantage

Innovation Quality Service Speed Cost competitiveness

Cost Competitiveness

Keeping costs low to achieve profits and be able to offer prices that are attractive to consumers

Five elements of an organization's macroenvironment

Laws and regulations, the economy, technology, demographics, and social values

interpersonal role

Leader- staffing communicating liaison-relationships you have outside the organization figurehead-being the face of the company

which of the four functions of management Stimulating people to be high performers

Leading

A process of analyzing all inputs and outputs, though the entire "cradle-to-grave" life of a product, to determine total environmental impact

Life-cycle analysis (LCA)

who Emphasized the continually changing situations that managers face

Mary Parker Follett

what is the ethical level of corporate social responsibility

Meeting other social expectations, not written as law

which level of management are Managers located in the middle layers of the organizational hierarchy, reporting to top-level executives

Middle-level managers

informational role

Monitor-person that seeks information disseminator-give information(external, internal) spokesperson

what are Ethical Decision Making

Moral awareness Moral judgment Moral character

Principles, rules, and values people use in deciding what is right or wrong

Moral philosophy

An approach that studies and identifies management activities that promote employee effectiveness by examining the complex and dynamic nature of individual, group, and organizational processes

Organizational behavior (Contemporary Approaches )

The set of important assumptions about the organization and its goals and practices that members of the company share

Organizational culture

which of the four functions of management Assembling and coordinating the resources needed to achieve goals

Organizing

which of the four functions of management Specifying goals and deciding the actions needed to achieve those goals

Planning

competitive strategy Published over 125 articles and 18 books on the subject and related topics

Porter -

Modern Contributors

Porter - Hamel - Drucker Senge - Covey - Collins -

___________ is the excellence of your product (goods or services). Historically, quality referred to attractiveness, lack of defects, reliability, and long-term dependability.

Quality

An approach that emphasizes the application of quantitative analysis to managerial decisions and problems

Quantitative management (Contemporary Approaches )

Philosophy that bases ethical behavior on the opinions and behaviors of relevant other people

Relativism

An act that established strict accounting and reporting rules to make senior managers more accountable and to improve and maintain investor confidence

Sarbanes-Oxley Act

learning organization The Fifth Dimension: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization

Senge

Theory of corporate social responsibility that holds that managers are agents of shareholders whose primary objective is to maximize profits

Shareholder model

Leveling normal fluctuations at the boundaries of the environment

Smoothing

An approach to job design that attempts to redesign tasks to optimize operation of a new technology while preserving employees' interpersonal relationships and other human aspects of the work

Sociotechnical systems theory (Contemporary Approaches )

Systematic management is

Specific procedures Achieve established goals and plans

Theory of corporate social responsibility that suggests that managers are obliged to look beyond profitability to help their organizations succeed by interacting with groups that have a stake in the organization

Stakeholder model

In an Ecocentric management there must be what kind of growth

Sustainable growth

A theory stating that an organization is a managed system that changes inputs into outputs

Systems theory (Contemporary Approaches )

Employees who are responsible for facilitating successful team performance are called

Team leader

Managers Need Three Broad Skills which are

Technical skills Conceptual and decision skills Interpersonal and communication skills

what is management?

The process of working with people and resources to accomplish organizational goals

outputs

The products and services an organization creates

service

The speed and dependability with which an organization delivers what customers want

what is the legal level of corporate social responsibility

To obey local, state, federal, and relevant international laws

what is the Economic level of corporate social responsibility

To produce goods and services that society wants at a price that perpetuates the business and satisfies its obligations to investors

which level of management are Senior executives responsible for the overall management and effectiveness of the organization

Top-level managers

Emotional Intellegence

Understanding yourself Managing yourself Dealing effectively with others

The ethical system stating that all people should uphold certain values that society needs to function

Universalism

Different ethical perspectives are

Universalism, egoism, utilitarianism, relativism, virtue ethics

An ethical system stating that the greatest good for the greatest number should be the overriding concern of decision makers

Utilitarianism

Perspective that what is moral comes from what a mature person with "good" moral character would deem right

Virtue ethics

what is an example of philanthropic

an organization donating to charities

Max Weber advocated

bureaucracy

Scientific management is what kind of approach

classical

Systematic management is what kind of approach

classical

what is an example of outputs

cleaning houses

What are ways managers can influence their environment

competitive aggression competitive pacification public relations voluntary action legal action political action

Compliance-based ethics programs are

designed by corporate counsel to prevent, detect, and punish legal violations

The process of management need to be what and what?

effective and efficient

The moral principles and standards that guide the behavior of an individual or group

ethics

All relevant forces outside a firms boundaries is what kind of environment

external environment

max weber said instead of fixing the job to the person ....

find a person who fits the job

What is an example of middle-level managers

general managers, regional managers

Integrity-based ethics programs are

go beyond the mere avoidance of illegality; they are concern with the law but also with instilling in people a personal responsibility for ethical behavior

inputs

good and services that organizations take in and use to create products or services

What are the three roles managers perform?

interpersonal informational decisional

Lillian Gilbreth was interested in

job satifaction that could motivate workers

what is an example of technical skills

knowing how to use a software

Moral judgment

knowing what action are morally defensible

which cost gets the most from the attention from the executives

level 1

The Business Costs of Ethical Failure are

level 1 level 2 level 3

Which cost gets the least attention from the executives

level 3

level 3 cost

losing customers and reputation. shrinking employee morale and higher turnovers. increasing regulation by government

The general environment; Includes governments, economic conditions, and other fundamental factors that generally affect all organizations

macromanagement

what are the two Two key contributions Mary Parker Follett made about management

managers desire flexibility there is a difference in motivating group vs. individuals

What does it mean when a management is efficient

maximize success through the use of less resourse

open systems

organizations that are affected by and that affect their external environment

level one cost is

paying fines and receiving penalties from the government

Abraham Maslow triangle of needs and are motivated to satisfy unmet.

physiological safety social ego self actualization

identified five functions and 14 principles of management. The five functions are

planning organizing commanding coordinators controlling

What are The Four Functions of Management

planning organizing leading controling

Henry L. Gantt expanded on the _______________ by suggesting that frontline supervisors should receive a ______ for each of their workers who completed their assigned daily tasks.

price rate system , bonus

Conceptual and decision skills

pulling things together and making a decisions

what is an example of inputs

raw materials, human resources, money

Moral awareness

realizing the issue has ethical implications

level 2 cost is

spending time and money for audits and legal inquires.providing remedial education and taking corrective actions. being subject to government oversight

Moral character

the strength and persistence to act in accordance with your ethics despite the challenges

What does it mean when a management is effective

they are reaching their goals

strongly held and taken for granted beliefs that guide behaviors in a firm

unconsciously assumptions

the underlying qualities and desirable behaviors that are important to an organization

values

the components of an organization that can be seen and heard such as office layouts, dress, orientation, stories, and written material

visible artifacts

What is an example of smoothing

when sales are low you might put some things on sale