Mapeh Music

pop music

Like the disco era, other pop music superstars continued to emerge, including pop superstars like Celine Dion, Madonna, Michael Jackson (The King of Pop), and today's pop music idols, such as Boyzone and Westlife Black Eyed Peas, K-pop groups, etc.

Djembe

It is a large goblet-like shaped musical instrument and played using bare hands. The body is carved from the hollowed trunk and covered with goatskin

Salsa

It is a social dance with marked influences from Cuba and Puerto Rico that started in New York in the mid-1970s. The moderate tempo is used throughout.

Alternative Music

It is an underground and independent musical form that began in the 1980s. It was known as unusual practices such as twisted guitar sounds, oppressive lyrics, and bold attitudes. it was described as a high energy level that bred new styles such as new wave, punk rock, post- punk, indie rock, gothic rock, jangle pop, noise pop, C86, Madchester, Indus trial Rock, and Shoegazing

Teponaztli

It is carved from a piece of hardwood and hallowed slit drum. It is used for both religious and recreation purposes.

Pop and Rock Ballads

It is categorized as an emotional love song with suggestions of folk music

Crossover Performance: Classical and Pop

A number of classical musicians have begun to render "crossover" performance, in which they combine classical compositions with a jazz, rock, and folk music in the same concert or recording

Mouth Bow

comprises a one-string attached to each end of a curved stick, related to a bow and arrow

Bossa nova

is Portuguese (the language of Brazil) for "new trend." The music is a combination of melody, harmony, and rhythm, wherein the vocal style is of- ten nasal. The subjects of music contain love, women, longing nature, and youth- fulness.

resonator bow

is a form of the mouth bow with calabash resonator attached at its mid-point

Bebop

is a musical style of modern jazz that began dur- ing World War II. Its tempo, instrument distinguished its brilliance and im- provisation. The heavy performance where the instrument sounded more intense and more complimentary results from harmony, melody, and rhythm speed

Chacha

is categorized as a ballroom dance that came from Cu- ba. It was derived from a slow version of Mambo called "Triple Mambo" or Mam- bo with guiro rhythm

Scott Joplin

is known as the "King of Ragtime.

Tlapitzalli

A flute variety from the Aztec culture, it is made of clay with decorations of abstract designs or images of their deities

Reggae

An urban popular music and dance style is originated in Jamaica in the mid- 1960s, and the most famous proponent of reggae music is Bob Marley.The music contained English texts coupled with Creole expressions which are not easy to understand for the non-Jamaican. It was a combination of Afro- American pop music and traditional Afro-Jamaican music.

Body percussion

Aside from using their voices, since many of them are very good in singing, they also clap their hands, slap their thighs, pound their upper arms or chests, or shuffle and stomp their feet

Foxtrot

Can execute by following the one-step, two-step, and syncopated rhythmic pattern and the dance tempo of 30 to 40 bars per minute with a simple duple meter consist of regular 4-bar phrases.

disco

Compared to Rock, music is more danceable music. The style had a rising and loud sound rhythmically controlled by a steady beat for ease of dancing and accompanied by stringed instruments, horns, electric guitars, and electric pianos or synthesizers.

Reggae

Consists of a Western-style melodic-harmonic base with African sounds and characteristics, American pop and rock music mannerisms, and a preference for a loud volume in the bass

Cumbia

In different locations, they use contrasting rhythmic meters. In Colombia, they use two four time signature, two-four, four-four, and six-eight time signatures in Panama, and two-two time signature in Mexico.

tango

In the 1890s, it was used as the urban song and dance form for the working class in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and it is related to the Cuban contradanza and habanera.

Classical Musical Made Popular

In the 20th century, the composers expanded the genres of classical music with bold or daring new styles, such as minimalism, chance music, and avant-garde music

Rock and Roll

In the classic form, it employed one or two electric guitars (lead, rhythm), a string bass or bass guitar, and a set of drums that provide the rhythmic pattern. The technology (e.g. amplifiers and microphones) makes the instruments louder

Siku

It can be made from bamboo tubes, condor feathers, bone, and any other materials. Siku is split across two row pipes. The performer must alternate rows with every note in order to play a complete scale

Whistles

It can be made from the bone of animals or any natural elements. The most common is the eagle bone and it produces a high-pitched notes, similar to the cry of an eagle.

Trumpets

It can be made of wood, animal horn, elephant tusks, and gourds, ornamented with snake or crocodile skin or the hide of zebras, leopards, and other animals.

Panpipes

It comprises cane pipes of several lengths tied in a row. They are blown across the top, each producing an several note.

Ballads

It describes an expressive folksong with the dramatic verse and text dealing typically with love. The word "ballad", derived both from the medieval French "chanson balladee" and "ballade", means a dancing song. Nowadays, the term ballad pertains to a love song in slightly pop or rock style

Blues Ballads

It frequently deals with anti-heroes resisting authority, highlights the character performance more than narrative content, and is accompanied by banjo or guitar.

Shekere

It is a West African gourd and shell megaphone consisting of a dried gourd with beads woven into a net covering the gourd

Balafon

It is a West African pitched percussion instrument or the xylophone: The bars are made from logs or bamboo

Pop Standard and Jazz Ballads

It is a blues style built from one verse of 16 bars ending the dominant of half cadence, followed by a refrain or chorus part of 16 or 32 bars in AABA form. The B section acts as the bridge, and the piece typically ends with a short coda or the tail of a few additional lyrics that bring the song to a close

Ragtime

It is a famous American music style mainly for piano. It originated in the Afro-American communities of St. Louis and New Orleans. It was said to modi- fy the "marching mode" made famous by John Philip Sousa. The effect is created by an internally syncopated melodic line pitted against a rhythmically straightfor- ward bass line. Unlike jazz, the music is written, characterized mainly improvised, consisting of regular meters and clear phases, with low bass or bass octaves and chords.

Big Band

It is described as a big ensemble that originated in the United States in the mid-1920s, and it can associate with the Swing Era and its jazz elements. The style of music is focused on heavy percussion instruments (drums), wind in- struments, rhythm (guitar, piano, double bass, vibes), and brass instruments (saxophones), with a lyrical string section (violins and other strings instruments) to accompany a pleasant melody.

slit drum

It is described as a hollow percussion instrument and a drum, but it is more on idiophone.

Rumba

It is executed in a complicated duple meter pattern and tresillo, a dotted quaver- dotted quaver-dotted semiquaver rhythm. It contains a repetitive melody with an ostinato pattern of maracas, claves, and other percussion instruments.

ocarina

It is has four to twelve finger holes and a mouthpiece projected - in the body and made from ceramic or clay.

Kudu horn

It is made from horn of kudu antelope. It can release a mellow and warm sound that adds a unique African accent to music

Huehueti

It is made of wood opened at the bottom and standing on the three legs cut from the base. Its top membrane of stretched animal skin is beaten by the hand or wooden mallet

Musical bow

It is the ancestor of all string instruments. One of the widely used and oldest string instruments of Africa.

Country and Western Music

It is the combination of popular musical forms originally found in the southern United States. The terminology "country music" began to be used in the 1940s when the earlier term "hillbilly music" felt degrading, and the word was subsequently accepted in the 1970s

Jazz Rock

It is the music of 1960s and 1970s bands that incorpo- rated jazz elements into rock music. A synonym for "jazz fusion," jazz-rock is a mix of funk and R&B (rhythm and blues). The music used amplifica- tion and electronic effects, complex time signature, and extended instru- mental compositions with lengthy improvisations in the jazz style.

Concha

It is usually made from the shell of the large sea snail. It is prepared by creating a hole in the shell's spine near apex, then blown into as if it were a trumpet.

Rumba

It is well-known as recreational dance of Afro-Cuban

agogos

It may be a single bell or several bells. This originated from the traditional Yoruba music, as in the samba bateria (percussion) ensembles. It can create the highest pitch among the bateria instruments

popular music

It means "music of the populace," similar to the traditional music of the past. In the 20th century, pop music (as it has come to be called) general- ly consisted of music for many people's entertainment, whether on the radio or in live performances.

Original Filipino Music (OPM)

It pertains to the Philippine pop song, particularly ballads, such as those popular after the fading of its predecessor, the Manila Sound, in the late 1970s.

8. Paso Double

It refers to a double step.

Standards

It used to denote the most popular and enduring songs from a particu- lar genre or style. Its style is primarily moderate tempo with a relaxed mood and highly playable melodies within the range and technical capacity of armature singers

Rock and Roll

It was a viral song from the United States during the late 1940s to the 1960s. they combined the Afro-American forms such as the blues, jump blues, jazz, and gospel music with Western swing and country music. The forefront instruments were the piano and saxophone, but nowadays it was replaced by modern instruments.

Zeze

It was originated in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is played using a bow (a small wooden stick) or plucked with fingers. It is made from steel or bicycle brake wire, and it has one or two strings

Indigenous Latin American Music

It was primarily functional and being used for religious worship and ceremonies. The use of instruments and singing and dancing served to ap- peal to the gods for a good harvest or victory in battle, to guard against sick- ness and natural disasters, and of course, to provide recreation.

Son

Its origin is the African rumba rhythms of Bantu. Son is the fusion of the popular music or Canciones (songs) of Spain

chacha

Its rhythm characteristics are two crochets-three quavers quaver rest, with syncopation on the fourth beat..

Charango

Its size is like ukulele and is a smaller version of mandolin, imitating the early guitar and flute brought by the Spaniards. It can produce bright sounds and often used to serenade in southern Peru.

Lamellophone

One of the most popular African percussion instruments plucked tongues or keys mounted on the soundboard. It is known as mbira, karimba, kisaanj, or likembe. The name of the instruments depends on the region

Foxtrot

Originated after 1910 in the USA

Lute

Originated from the Arabic states, its shape is like a modern guitar and played in similar technique. It has resonating body, a neck, and one more string which stretch across the length of its body and neck

tango

Originated in Africa, which means "African dance," and taner means "to play" an instrument from the Spanish word.

whistles

Short piece of horn serve as whistles, often with short tube inserted into the mouthpiece. It can be made from wood or any materials

Mixed American Music

Some regions of Latin American adopted various characteristics from European colonizers, including melodies of the renaissance period that were used in Southern Chile and the Colombian Pacific coasts. Furthermore, the heavily Hispanic and Moorish-influenced areas of Venezuela and Colombia preferred the step-wise tunes. The alternating dual meter, known as "sesquialtera" originated in Cuba and was adopted in Cuba and Puerto Rico was immortalized in the song I Wanna Be in America from Leonard Bern- stein's Broadway hit West Side Story. Some European influences are noticed in the texture of Euro-Latin American music, from unaccompanied vocal so- los to those accompanied by stringed instruments.

Euro-Latin American Music

Some regions of Latin American adopted various characteristics from European colonizers, including melodies of the renaissance period that were used in Southern Chile and the Colombian Pacific coasts. Furthermore, the heavily Hispanic and Moorish-influenced areas of Venezuela and Colombia preferred the step-wise tunes. The dual meter, known as "sesquialtera" found in Chile, and adopted in Cuba and Puerto Rico, was immortalized in the song I Wanna Be in America from Leonard Bernstein's Broadway hit West Side Story. Some European influences are noticed in the texture of Euro-Latin American music, from unaccompanied vocal solos to those accompanied by stringed instruments

Aztec and Mayan Instruments

The ancient civilization of Aztec and Maya people used various instruments for religious function and usually performed by professional musicians. Some instruments were believed holy, and they thought music. was meant to glorify the gods, mistakes in playing the instruments were deemed offensive and insulting

Jazz Music

The development of the jazz genre was an offshoot of African slaves who were brought to America. As an outlet for their deepest feelings, the Africans used music to recall their nostalgic past in their home country and voice out their sentiments on their desperate condition as slaves in America. Jazz evolved into different upbeat forms, which the world adopted and incorporated into other contemporary styles.

Rasp or scraper

The instrument creates sound by scraping the notches on a piece of carved wood with a stick, creating a series of rattling effects. The in- strument is a hand percussion.

Kora

The most sophisticated harp of Africa. The body is made from gourd or calabash. A support for the bridge is set across the opening and covered with skin that held in place with studs. The use of leather ring the neck is to tighten the 21 strings that give a range of over three octave

Wooden Tarka

The mouthpiece of this vertical duct flute is similar to a recorder. The sound is very primitive, soft, and mellow with a rasp in the low range

samba

The music became an African-Brazilian favorite in the working class and slum districts of Rio de Janeiro. The rhythm is lively, and it consists of two-four time signatures that are danced as three steps per measure, thus creating a feeling of three four-time signature

Country and Western Music

The music reflects the people's life experiences and local settings, even while combining the ideas of continued development with nostalgia for one's roots and culture. Its musical characteristics are sim- ple to tune, usually sung solo accompanied by a guitar, a banjo, or occa- sional whistling. The theme of the songs shows the romantic imagery of the American cowboy-depicting heroic deeds, gritty trail life, nature, and wide-open space.

Hip-Hop/Rap

The musical style typically contains rhythmic chanted words with highly rhythmic music. the artist performs along within the instruments or the synthesizer beat.

Paso Double

The performers imitate bullfights. Wherein the music was played as the mat- ador (a bullfighter whose task is to kill the bull) enters (paseo), and also, dur- ing passes just before the kill (faena). The music used has the duple meter, and It is a march-like character.

talking drum

The purpose of the instrument is to send messages or publicize births, sporting events, marriages, deaths, dances, initiation, or war, even sometimes gossips or jokes. According to African, scarper can convey direct messages to the spirits after the death of a loved one. Studying to play notes on drums is highly complicated, resulting in its declining popularity

Reed pipes

The reed is flap partly cut from the stem near one end, and it's a single-reed pipe made from hollow guinea corn or sorghum stem

Afro-Latin American Music

The rhythmic patterns demonstrated by drums and numerous percus- sion instruments are noticeable in this music, and the tempo is fast-paced adds to the rhythmic density. The Vocal music was frequently deep-chested, and the instrumental music is relied on drums and buzzers to create rich sounds and occasionally had loud dynamics for added intensity.

Zither

The strings are stretched along the body with differing sizes and shapes.

Zampoñas

The typical feature includes bamboo tubes of different lengths tied together either in pairs or more to create graduated pitches of sound. It can be performed by blowing over the tap of the tubes in the same way of blowing over an empty soda bottle.

Cumbia

The use of drums of Africa is noticeable. The performer uses Tabora (a bass drum), claves (a pair of thick hardwood sticks stuck together to set the beat), gui- tar, accordion, clarinet, modern flute, and Caja (a type of snare drum).

Popular Latin American Music

The variety of races and cultures from the native Americans, Afro- Latin Americans, and Euro-Latin Americans are the reason for the rich com- bination of musical elements. The variety of native instruments with the Eu- ropean counterparts and musical theories was further enriched by the in- struments brought by the African slaves. The enormous infusion of African culture introduces other music and dance forms such as the Afro-Cuban rumba, the Jamaican reggae, the Colombian cumbia, and the Brazilian samba.

Atingting kon

These are separate gongs used to communicate between villages. Conventionally, they were carved out of wood to seem like ancestors and have a slit opening at the bottom

Rasp

This hand percussion instrument produced sounds by scratching a stick, and its series of notches with another stick, creating rattling effects

quena

This vertical cane flute has six finger holes and one thumb hole made from fragile bamboo.

earth bow

also called ground bow or pit harp, consists of a flexible pole which is planted in the ground. A string is attached to one end of the pole, which the other end of the string is attached to a stone, a piece of bark, or a small piece of wood which is then planted in a hole dug in the ground, thus bending the pole. The hole on the ground serves as a resonator and the sound comes from under the earth.

The 1980s and 1990s

are considered the golden era of Philippine bal- lads. The well-known composers and performers are Ryan Cayabyab, Jose Marie Chan, Willie Cruz, George Canseco, and Gary Valenciano. Some com- positions utilized Western-type melody and harmony while articulating ex- ceptionally Filipino emotions in moving poetic lyrics.

rattles

are made from seashells, animal hoofs. tin basketry, horn, wood, cocoons, metal, palm kernels, or tortoise shells. The range of the musical instrument is from single to several objects in the con- tainers that are both joined or halted to create sound as they hit each other.

folk music

pertains to melodies and songs of the ordinary people handed down from one generation to the next. Folk music commonly expresses the character of ethnic and social groups and sometimes of a nation. As the music of the people, it shows political or religious beliefs, tells a story, recounts history, or amuses. During the 1960s and 1970s, folk music took on a new character. It was combined with elements of rock to reveal the social and political concerns of the youth era.

Mbira

thumb piano or finger xylophone) It is composed of a wooden board with attached metal tines ( a series of wooden, metal, or rattan tongues) of graduated sizes. Adding resonator like a calabash (gourd) can increase its volume

Bossa nova

was created in the late 1950s. It was made when a slower, gentler version of the classic Cuban samba became popular with Brazilian society's up- per- and middle-class sectors