Marine Biology Chapter 3

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What is the Gulf Stream?

a strong, fast moving, warm ocean current that originates in the gulf of mexico and moves to the atlantic ocean.

neap tide

a tide just after the first or third quarters of the moon when there is the least difference between high and low water. Happens 2 times a month

the process in which cold, nutrient rich deep water ascends to the surface

upwelling

During what quarters of the moon do spring tides occur, and how many times do they occur per month?

1st and 3rd quarters; twice per month

how many high and low tides per day are there in most areas?

2

Tsunami wavelengths can be as great as _________.

200km

What is the relationship between density and temperature? Between density and salinity?

As temperature increases, density decreases. As temperature decreases, density increases. As salinity increases density increases.

Who names the El Nino?

Fishermen of Peru

What does El Nino do to upwelling and fishing?

Greatly weakens upwelling, fish either die or migrate due to lack of food supply

Why is water the universal solvent?

It dissolves more substances than any other liquid, and because of it's polarity and ability to form hydrogen bonds

Why is the Gulf Stream important?

It helps to keep Western Europe warm

deadliest tsunami

Sumatra, Indonesia, triggered by a 9.1 magnitude earthquake. Approximately 2,300,000 victims

What is a gyre?

large system of circulating ocean currents

How are Eastern and Western boundary currents different?

Western boundary currents are narrower, faster, and deeper

What is an Elkman spiral?

When wind creates a surface current that spirals in a clockwise direction as depth increases, flowing the opposite direction of the wind at about 100m depth

How are ocean currents created?

Wind patterns and differences in water densities, coriolis effect

tsunami speed

average of 400-500 mph

What light wave penetrated the farthest in the ocean?

blue

The rule of constant proportions

chemical compounds are made up of elements that are present in a fixed ratio by mass

Gyres in the northern hemisphere move in a ___ direction

clockwise

gyres in the southern hemisphere move in a _ direction

counterclockwise

tsunami causes

extraterrestrial collision, landslides, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, seamount collapse

water has a high heat capacity

it absorbs a lot of heat before it begins to get hot

Because of plate tectonic movements (earthquakes), there should be more tsunamis found in the ____

pacific ocean

What ions are in salt water in the ocean?

sodium, chlorine, and magnesium

Water is considered to be the universal __

solvent

What are eddies?

swirling loops of water

a thermocline is an abrupt change in what?

temperature

What is the thermocline?

the rapid temperature decrease with depth a few hundred meters below the surface

wave period

the time is takes for two successive crests (one wavelength) to pass a specified point

what happens when a crest and trough collide?

they cancel eachother out, called destructive interference

what happens when two crests collide?

they form a larger crest

what happens when two troughs collide?

they form a larger trough

what happens to density as it gets warmer or cooler?

warmer water has a lower density, colder water has a higher density

What is the cause of an Elman spiral?

wind and currents


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