Markt final consumer (need ch 15)

In the context of the major age cohorts in the United States, _____ describe their generation as idealistic and are media and tech savvy.

Generation Yers

In the context of consumers' learning from experience, which of the following statements is true of prior knowledge?

High-knowledge consumers are likely to have well-defined beliefs and expectations.

Which of the following statements is true of gift giving?

Sometimes people have antagonistic motives for gift giving.

Which of the following is true of Hispanic Americans?

Strong Hispanic identification leads to a higher level of husband-dominant decisions

The gender, ethnic, geographic, and age groups to which you belong are:

associative reference groups.

Judgments can also be influenced by the ease with which instances of an event can be brought to mind, a shortcut called the:

availability heuristic.

According to social comparison theory, if advertising and the media show individuals with many material possessions, _____.

consumers might use advertising as a means of judging their own personal accomplishments

Check My Work Judy has saved movie tickets of the movies she had watched with Daniel when they were dating 10 years ago. They remind her of the special times spent with Daniel. Judy's old tickets are an example of a(n):

memory-laden object.

Post-decision dissonance is most likely to occur when:

more than one alternative is attractive.

Consumers who enjoy thinking extensively about things like products, attributes, and benefits are high in the _____.

need for cognition

The consumer engages in thinking, which leads to feelings, which result in behaving, a progression known as:

the hierarchy of effects.

Psychologist Carl Jung developed one of the most basic _____, suggesting that individuals could be categorized according to their levels of introversion and extroversion.

trait theory schemes

One can have a low education but be high in need for cognition.

true

The personalities of some consumers make them readily susceptible to influence by others.

true

Jerry works at an advertising agency. His newest client is Kreto, a snack manufacturing company. The company wants its products to be visible to the Indian community in the United States. Jerry comes up with an advertising campaign that portrays Indians and Indian snacks. A research study conducted to determine the effectiveness of the campaign shows that the campaign is successful and that Indians in the United States are tempted to try Kreto's products. The given scenario illustrates the use of the _____.

accommodation theory

At times, consumers will select a brand or service because they like it, even though they may not know why. This behavior relies on very basic, low-level feelings, or _____.

affect

_____ are the third largest and fastest growing ethnic subculture in the United States.

Asian Americans

Buying the same brand repeatedly because of a strong preference for it is called _____.

Brand Loyalty

Which of the following statements is true of a product-harm crisis?

Consumers look for cues to product quality in usage experience.

_____ occurs when there is a discrepancy, positive or negative, between our prior expectations and a product's actual performance.

Disconfirmation

Which of the following is true of downward mobility?

Downward mobility creates disappointment and disillusionment.

At the most basic level, economists define money as a symbol of love and freedom.

False

Consumers are less likely to recall more accessible or more vivid events, a tendency that influences their judgments—even though they may be unaware of this effect.

False

Global nomads—people who move frequently from one country to another—tend to regard their possessions as special and permanent

False

In the context of the consumer segments in regions within the United States, Young Digerati are single, lower-income consumers who live in smaller cities, are under the age of 55, and have a high school education.

False

In the context of the differences in acquisition and consumption behaviors of men and women, men display a tendency for negative emotions, such as feeling scared and nervous.

False

Processing the information that one experiences is referred to as hypothesis generation.

False

Profane objects possess strong approach/avoidance characteristics and create an overwhelming feeling of power and fascination.

False

Reinforcement in the form of frequent-buyer rewards cannot be effective.

False

The extent to which informational influence is strong or weak does not depend on the characteristics of the product.

False

Unlike a temporal dilemma, consumers face a social dilemma when time is the issue.

False

Which of the following statements is true of ethical sourcing?

In one study, consumers were more than twice as likely to purchase products promoted as ethically sourced.

Which of the following is true of the mass media?

Information delivered via the mass media can reach many people.

Which of the following is true of word of mouth?

It can have a dramatic effect on consumers' product perceptions

Which of the following is a primary indicator that a boycott has been successful?

It has forced changes in the behavior of nontargeted businesses that engage in similar practices.

Which of the following is true of a heuristic?

It is also referred to as rule of thumb.

Which of the following statements is true of compulsive behavior?

It occurs because a consumer cannot stop doing something.

In the context of psychographic tools, which of the following statements is true of VALS consumer segments?

Makers are interested in the outdoors and in automotive products and accessories.

Which of the following statements is true of privacy controversies?

Many consumers believe that businesses collect too much personal information from consumers.

Which of the following is a way for conservation programs to succeed?

Messages must make the problem personally relevant.

Which of the following relational effects of gift giving validates a lack of feelings of connection, bonding, and/or shared meaning between the giver and the recipient?

Negative confirmation

_____ is the view that behavior is a function of reinforcements and punishments received in the past.

Operant conditioning

_____ comes from a feeling of satisfaction that occurs when we as consumers perceive that our needs have been adequately met.

Reinforcement

Which of the following is true of social classes?

The level of income cannot always explain social class.

In the context of teen consumer segments, which of the following best describes teenagers from the bootstrappers segment?

They are family-oriented achievement seekers with hopes for the future.

Which of the following is true of the acquisition and consumption behaviors of American women?

They are more likely than men to have shared brand stereotypes for fashion goods.

In the context of symbolic consumer behavior, which of the following statements is true of special possessions?

They have unusually low price elasticity and their demand stays constant.

Because of social class fragmentation, traditional class distinctions may be becoming too broad to be truly useful.

True

High-involvement consumers tend to express higher satisfaction immediately after a purchase, probably due to their more extensive evaluation, but their satisfaction declines over time.

True

In the context of regions across the world, consumers from masculine cultures tend to be more aggressive and focused on individual advancement.

True

Marketing ethics are rules of acceptable conduct that guide individuals and organizations in making honest, fair, and respectful decisions about marketing activities.

True

Products and consumption activities can symbolize identification with a specific culture or subculture.

True

_____ is an organized activity in which consumers avoid purchasing products or services from a company whose policies or practices are seen as unfair or unjust.

a boycott

Jacob got promoted as the deputy manager of his firm. He loves supporting his favorite football team, whose team colors are orange and white. He even had his new office painted orange and adorned it with pictures of the football team. Jacob's actions are an example of _____.

a possession ritual

Party-Party Inc. is an online company that offers customized packages for occasions such as birthdays, weddings, graduations, and house parties. It provides all required products and services like cakes, caterers, decorators, and photographers. In the context of symbolic consumer behavior, the group of products and services offered by Party-Party Inc. is an example of _____.

a product constellation

Jason was recently laid off from work. His family and friends noticed that he was feeling increasingly irritated and frustrated as the days went by. A week later, they found out that Jason had purchased a brand new car. In the context of consumer behavior, Jason's behavior can be best described as _____.

compensatory consumption

Jenny decided to buy a new house because all her friends recently bought new houses. However, Jenny did not have the finances to buy the house and had to take a huge loan from a bank. In the context of consumer behavior, Jenny's actions can be best described as _____.

compensatory consumption

Janice has two sons, Jerry and Barry. Janice is responsible for picking out what cereal Jerry and Barry will eat. Her husband, Harry, pays all the bills in the household as Janice is currently unemployed. In this scenario, Janice can be considered as the _____ in the household.

decider

According to the researcher Karen Horney, _____ are independent and self-sufficient but suspicious and introverted.

detached individuals

John is expecting Rony, his brother, to move in with him soon. He needs to make space for Rony's belongings. John has a difficult time clearing up unwanted stuff and ends up with an overflowing cabinet in the basement and a garage full of useless clutter. In this scenario, John's inability to dispose of the useless items exemplifies:

difficult emotional detachment.

The _____ is a technique designed to induce compliance by asking individuals to do a very small favor—one that is so small that it almost does not qualify as a favor.

even-a-penny-will-help technique

Loretuin is a leading cosmetic store. To attract customers and tempt them into buying more products, the store offers the customers a lipstick, a shade of their choice, as a gift for every purchase worth $100 or more. Customers increase their amount of purchase in order to avail this offer. This scenario exemplifies consumer's perceptions of:

fairness in an exchange.

In the context of psychographic surveys, consumers in Futures Company's MONITOR MindBase's "I am at capacity" segment do not value convenience, control, and simplification.

false

A(n) _____ is made primarily by the male head-of-household.

husband-dominant decision

Comparing prior belief or expectations with new information, such as evidence from experience, is referred to as _____.

hypothesis testing

Unlike the Rokeach Value Survey (RVS), the List of Values (LOV):

is a better predictor of consumer behavior.

_____ are manifestations or actual patterns of behavior.

lifestyles

Deciding whether to put _____ first is an example of temporal dilemma.

long term interests

In the context of responses to dissatisfaction, dissatisfied consumers are more likely to complain when the perceived cause of their dissatisfaction is:

marketer-related.

To motivate its patrons to return overdue books, a library sent a reminder that stated "Congratulations! You are the first member of our library to have not returned a book in six months, and your name will be published in our next newsletter." This message resulted in a 50% increase of book returns. This increase was likely due to _____.

normative influence

The Jemba Dance was a popular dance among the lower and middle social classes of Wookland. The overall appeal of the dance led slowly to its popularity among the higher classes of Wookland. The popularity of the Jemba Dance can be best described as a _____.

parody display

A consumer who scores high on the attention to social comparison information (ATSCI) scale is likely to:

pay close attention to what others do and use this information to guide his or her own behavior.

NCJK, a local radio station, is broadcasting public service announcements of teens sharing their stories of car accidents caused by texting while driving. The radio station hopes that these announcements will spread awareness about the risks of texting while driving. In this scenario, NCJK is using:

people as socializing agents.

_____ consists of the distinctive patterns of behaviors, tendencies, qualities, or personal dispositions that make one individual different from another and lead to a consistent response to environmental stimuli.

personality

Connoisseurs of rock music would consider the use of a classic rock song as the background music in an advertisement as:

profaning.

Values, personality, and lifestyles constitute the basic components of _____.

psychographics

A study was conducted on a group of morbidly obese adults. They were shown a variety of health-oriented messages every day for a month. After the one month period, it was found that for the majority of the group, the greater the number of health-oriented messages they encountered, the less likely they were to lose weight. The scenario is an example of _____.

reactance

The heuristic where a consumer makes a judgment by comparing a stimulus with the category prototype is called the _____.

representativeness heuristic

A(n) _____ is made primarily by the female head-of-household.

wife-dominant decision

Teenagers from the _____ segment in Hungary, Venezuela, and other countries are characterized by their altruism.

world savers