Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Esteem Needs

After the first three needs have been satisfied, esteem needs becomes increasingly important. These include the need for things that reflect on self-esteem, personal worth, social recognition, and accomplishment.

Definition of Human Need

Any physiological of psychological factor necessary for a healthy human existence. If a human need goes unmet, physical illness, psychological distress or even death can occur.

Maslow's Theory is Only a Theory

It is NOT carved in stone. GENERALLY true for individuals, but not necessarily true for ALL individuals.

Why Use Maslow's Theory to guide Health Sciences Program?

Maslow's theory speaks to what we do- meet patient needs! "Nursing is adapted to the individual needs of the patient."

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Psychologist Abraham Maslow (1908- 1970)

Belonging

These include needs for belonging, love, and affection. Maslow described these needs as less basic than physiological and security needs. Relationships such as friendships, romantic attachments, and families help fulfill this need for companionship and acceptance, as does involvement in social, community, or religious groups.

Safety and Security

These include needs for safety and security. Security needs are important for survival, but they are not as demanding as the physiological needs. Examples of security needs include a desire for steady employment, health care, safe neighborhoods, and shelter from the environment. May be REAL or IMAGINED dangers!

Physiological needs

These include the most basic needs that are vital to survival, such as the need for water, air, food, and sleep. Maslow believed that these needs are the most basic and instinctive needs in the hierarchy because all needs become secondary until these physiological needs are met.

Self-actualization

This is the highest level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Self-actualizing people are self-aware, concerned with personal growth, less concerned with the opinions of others, and interested in fulfilling their potential. Only 1% meet.

Examples of defense mechanisms.

displacement, denial, rationalization, projection, repression/suppression, daydreaming

Name six physiological needs.

food, water, oxygen, elimination of waste materials, sleep, shelter (protection from temperature extremes)

Identify ways in which the need for love and affection are satisfied?

friends are made, social contacts are established, acceptance by others is received able to give and receive affection and love

Identify events that might threaten an individual's safety

new environment, change in routine, marital problems, loss of a job, injury or disease

When does an individual begin to feel esteem and gain self-respect?

when others show respect, approval, and appreciation.

Evidence that a person feels safe and secure.

willing to adapt to change and more willing to face unknown situations

Ways to help patients become self-actualized.

- Let them have some control over decision-making and care - Provide privacy (Knock on door. Pull curtain) - Ask about interests

Application of Hierarchy

-All needs are inter-related -Lower level needs do not always take priority -The hierarchy is NOT carved in stone. - All needs exist simultaneously and in different degrees. - A patient is a holistic being. He/she has an intellectual emotional social and spiritual side as well as a physiological side. -Consider all the factors that influence a patient's perception of his/her needs. -Do not impose your personal perceptions about what an individual's need priorities should be.

Characteristics of Self-Actualized Person

-Solves own problems -Assists others in problem solving -Accepts suggestions of others -Has broad interests in work and social topics -Has good communication skills -Manages stress and assists others to manage stress -Enjoys privacy -Seeks new experiences and knowledge -Shows confidence in ability and decisions

Physiological Needs

1. Air 2. Water 3. Food Temperature maintenance Elimination Shelter Rest and sleep Sex

What is a defense mechanism?

A way for the mind to protect being consciously aware of thoughts or feelings that are too difficult to tolerate. The defense mechanism only allows the unconscious thought or feeling to be expressed indirectly in some disguised form. Doing this reduces the anxiety caused by the unconscious thought or feeling.