Mass Media Chapter 11-13

SCRIPTWRITERS

- individuals who create plays for the movies, with scenes and dialogue

DEAD AIR

- the silence on the airwaves that is produced when a radio station fails to transmit sound

FORMAT CLOCK (FORMAT WHEEL)

-a circular chart that divides one hour of a radio station's format into different timed program elements

Satellite TELEVISION

-programming that comes directly to the home from a satellite orbiting the earth

3 Domains of the TV industry

1) TV Broadcasts 2) Cable/ Satellite 3) On- line/ Mobile Platforms

2 Broad Methods of Control

1) Vertical Integration 2) Studio System

4 reasons to use media?

1) enjoyment 2) companionship 3) surveillance 4) interpretation

2 primary purposes of distribution

1) get film into theaters 2) market films to target audiences

AMPLITUDE MODULATION (AM)

A means of radio broadcasting, utilizing the band between 540 and 1,700 megahertz; AM signals are prone to frequent static interference, but their high-powered signals allow them to travel great distances, especially at night

Genre film A genre film has predictable characters, patterns of action, and settings.

A movie that fits a classical storytelling formula is called a Blockbuster film Sequel film Series film Genre film

True Rough cuts are sometimes screened before audiences to determine if people like it or not, and what should be changed in the final version.

A preliminary version of a film is called a rough cut. True False

Music preference Formats are determined by what producers think will bring in listeners who advertisers want to reach..

A radio station's music format is determined by all of the following except Music style Music time period Music preference Music sophistication

False A release date is the day the film appears in theaters.

A release date is the day a film appears on DVD. True False

True The CW and ION are considered independents because they air so few hours each week.

A station not affiliated with the Big Four is called an independent station. True False

• 4 Major Networks:

ABC, NBC, CBS, FOX

FCC

AM and FM radio are governed by

False Actually, their musical interests are separate, not similar.

According to radio industry executives, men and women often have similar musical interests. True False

PORTABLE PEOPLE METER (PPM)

Arbitron's electronic device for tracking radio listening both at home and on the street

FM Radio

Carrier signal frequency between 88 and 108 megahertz Higher frequency wave Has more interference Has fewer bandwidths for channels Covers shorter distances Works on line-of-sight Can be stopped by buildings and mountains The further you are from the station the higher your aerial needs to be

True Noncommercial stations are the ones that don't have traditional advertising per se.

Commercial stations receive financial support through advertising. True False

Film production firms Film production firms are in charge of everything that goes into a film's production.

Companies that develop stories, hire scriptwriters, and hire other personnel are called Film distribution firms Film production firms Film exhibition firms Film synergy firms

five types Convergence and Exhibition of movies :

DVDs, Downloads, Movie Rentals, On- line, Mobiles)

True Dead air means that the station might lose listeners, particularly since the goal is to keep them interested.

Dead air is a taboo in the radio industry. True False

The interests of audiences Industries are more concerned with assembling an audience in order to sell advertising, not necessarily entertaining its viewers.

Determining the channel's intended audience considers all of the following except The interests of audiences The competition The available pool of viewers The costs of relevant programming

24

Eadweard Muybridge set up ___ cameras close to one another at a racetrack to take photos as a horse ran by...the next trick would be to take __ photographs with one camera

Prime time

Evening hours when television viewership is at its highest between 8pm-11pm

False Executive releases have no intention of going wide and are usually reserved for art or foreign films.

Exclusive releases try to reach as wide of an audience as possible. True False

"The Wizard ofOz

First film to be shown on TV

Stripping

Five-day-a-week placement of a television show; programmers believe that, in certain day parts, placing the same show in the same time slot each weekday lends a predictability to the schedule that target audiences appreciate

10 Ten years is the gap between music "generations."

Generations of music listeners are separated by increments of how many years? 2 5 7 10

False The industry produces fewer of them but gives them higher budgets hoping for a bigger return.

Hollywood produces a high number of blockbusters each year. True False

72 percent

In 1972, AM had what percent of listeners?

28 percent

In 1972, FM had what percent of listeners?

28 percent

In 1990, AM had what percent of listeners?

True These firms must work with other companies to get their films distributed.

Independent producers are production firms not owned by distributors. True False

Talent agents Agents are the ones who represent writers, actors, and others.

Individuals who represent creative personnel are called Talent managers Talent executives Talent agents Talent scouts

KEWU 89.5 FM

Jazz 89.5 KEWU-FM is a non-commercial, educational radio station serving Eastern Washington University and the surrounding Cheney/Spokane metropolitan area. Has fundraising once a year

False Radio listening happens most frequently away from home, such as in the car or at the beach.

Listening to the radio is most frequently done at home. True False

I Love Lucy

Lucy was the first multi-camera sitcom to be filmed before a live studio audience.

FM Radio has typically what on their stations

Music

AM Radio

Need lots of electrical power to produce a radio signal Cheap to make Detected over long distances Carrier signal frequency between 540 and 1,700 megahertz Can bend around the earth because of reflection off the ionosphere

Radio's primary strength...

Portability!

True The higher the ratings, the more a station can charge to advertise there.

Ratings determine how much advertising can cost during certain shows. True False

Syndication refers to programming that gets broadcast again and again in different markets.

Shows that are aired over and over again in different markets are referred to as Syndicated Reruns Broadcasts Hammocked

Channel multiplexing involves dividing the signal into multiple separate signals, rather than broadcasting on a high definition channel.

Splitting new digital signals into two or more separate channels is called High-definition multiplexing High-definition broadcasting Channel splitting Channel multiplexing

AM has typically what on their stations

Sports, Weather Talk Radio

False No songs are downloaded to a listener's device during streaming.

Streaming radio allows users to own copies of the songs they listen to. True False

Format include everything that make up its content and the impression that content offers.

The "personality" of a radio station refers to its DJs Format Popularity Flow

True The line-ups included powerful dramas and popular comedies.

The 1950s was called The Golden Age of television programming. True False

patent trust pooled all the company's patents and shut out much potential competition.

The Radio Corporation of America, at first, was an example of a Patent trust Monopoly Conglomeration Network

False The money should come from exhibitors, not distributors.

The amount of money a network demands from distributors is used in producing channel lineups. True False

The Jazz Singer, 1927

The first movie with sound

A lineup is the term referring to the cable system offerings.

The listing of channels on a cable system is called a TV guide Lineup Selection Menu

Golden age of TV

The period of age of approximately 1949 to 1960

Day and date releases are designed to discourage people from pirating the film.

The practice of releasing blockbusters on the same day around the world is called Day and date release Saturation release Wide release Platform release

exclusive release

The release of a film to only a handful of carefully selected theaters around the country

True These blocks of time have regular audiences and regular types of shows (i.e., sitcoms and police procedurals during prime time).

The segments of a day as defined by programmers and marketers are called day parts. True False

Tiering is what describes the setting of different pricing levels.

The strategy of charging different amounts for different cable channels is called Ranking Selecting Tiering Highlighting

What does the PRODUCTION IN·THE MOTION PICTURE INDUSTRY do

They create the narrative

True

True or False 10 MAJOR companies control 90% in U.S.

True

True or False AM goes further distance than FM

True

True or False All radio stations can be found online

False The playlist is usually selected by a computer

True or False DJ pick the music that is played on the radio

True

True or False Digital Convergence has changed what TV means

True

True or False FM sound quality is better than AM

True

True or False In- car listening still maintains radio's dominance

GUILDS

Unions established by writers, directors, actors, and other crew members to protect their mutual Interests and maintain standards

Ages 12-24 Those ages 12-24 make up 35% of frequent moviegoers.

Which of the following age ranges is the most frequent among movie-goers? Ages 12-24 Ages 25-39 Ages 40-59 Ages 60+

General manager The general manager is responsible for all a station's activities.

Which of the following positions is in charge of the entire station operation? General manager Program director On-air talent Chief officer

FREQUENCY MODULATION (FM)-

a means of radio broadcasting, utilizing the band between 88 and 108 megahertz; FM signals are marked by high levels of clarity but rarely travel more than 80 miles from the site of their transmission

MEGAPLEX-

a modern, air-conditioned building that houses between 16 or more screens and has the capacity to exhibit a number of different films at the same time

MULTIPLEX-

a modern, air-conditioned building that houses between 8 and 15 screens and has the capacity to exhibit a number of different films at the same time

pilot

a single episode or sometimes up to three episodes that is used to test the viability of a series

HIGH-DEFINITION TELEVISION (HDTV)

a television display technology that provides picture quality similar to that of 35mm movies with sound quality similar to that of today's compact discs. Some television stations have begun transmitting HDTV broadcasts to users on a limited number of channels, generally using digital rather than analog signal transmission

GREEN LIGHT

a term used to describe production and distribution executives' approval of making a film

RATINGS

audits of people's television viewing behavior that help to determine where much of the money for programming and advertising should go

Live Broadcast

broadcast as it was actually performed rather than taped

72 percent

by 1990, FM had what percent of listeners

RENTAL OUTLETS -

companies that purchase releases from movie distributors and then rent them to individual customers on a pay-per-day basis

publicity

creating and maintaining favorable "buzz" about a movie among its target audience

The Narrowing of Cultural Diversity

critics of the mainstream movie industry argue that movie executives are sending a rather narrow range of stories into American theaters and homes

Release Date

date on which the film will open In theaters

"A" FILMS

expensively made productions featuring glamorous, highly paid stars

THEATRICAL FILMS

films created to be shown first In traditional movie theaters

BLOCKBUSTERS

films that bring in more than $200 million at the U.S. Box office

FDR Franklin Roosevelt

first president on TV from 1939 World's Fair in NYC

NARROWCASTING

going after specific slices of the radio audience that are especially attractive to advertisers

Radio

has historically meant audio signals transmitted ("broadcast") over the air by organizations ("stations") licensed for that activity by the Federal Communications Commission and publicly accessible via devices called radio receivers

GENERAL MANAGER

head of Radio Station

Radio

in American society has historically meant audio 'signais transmitted ("broadcast") over the air by organizations ("stations") licensed for that activity by the Federal Communications Commission and publicly accessible via devices called radio receivers

FORMAT CONSULTANTS -

individuals hired by a radio Station to analyze the competition and select a format that will attract the most lucrative audience niche possible

Vertical integration

is when the production company has the ownership of the means of production, distribution and exhibition of the film by the same company, because of this they receive all of the profit

"B" Films

lower-budget films that are made quickly

wide release

opening in a film in 600 or more theaters simultaneously usually accompanied by a large publicity campaign to incite people to see the film the most common release patter in the US

Schedules

patterns in which programs are arranged

BOOKERS

people who license movies from distributors for theaters

OUT-OF-HOME LOCATIONS OR CAPTIVE AUDIENCE

places such as airline waiting areas and store checkout lines where people congregate and are likely to pay attention to TV clips and commercials

NONCOMMERCIAL STATIONS -

radio stations that do not receive financial support from advertisers

COMMERCIAL STATIONS

radio stations that support themselves financially by selling time on their airwaves to advertisers

saturation release

releasing a film in more than 2,000 theaters simultaneously

channel multiplexing (multichannel broadcasting)

sending multiple signals or streams of information on a carrier at the same time in the form of a single complex signal and then recovering the separate signals at the receiving end

OFF-NETWORK SYNDICATION - •

situation In which a distributor takes a program that has already been Shown on network television and rents episodes of that program to TV stations for local airing

SELL-THROUGH OUTLETS -

stores In which consumers buy the videos rather than just renting them

SELL-THROUGH OUTLETS -

stores in which consumers buy the videos rather than just renting them

Direct BROADCAST SATELLITE (DBS) TECHNOLOGY -

technology that allows a household to receive hundreds of channels, from signals that are delivered digitally from satellites operating in orbit to a small dish installed on the side of a dwelling; a set-top box decodes digital signals so that they appear on the TV set

Cable television

television service provided to subscribers by signals sent through a wire (usually a coaxial cable, but increasingly via fiber optic lines)

ON-AIR TALENT

term referring to radio workers whose voices and personalities are broadcast over the radio's airwaves

LISTENING PATTERNS

the habits that describe people's use of radio

PITCH -

the initial presentation of a movie idea to a producer

platform release

the initial release of a movie in far fewer theaters in a relatively small number of areas with the plan to release the film in more theaters as the film garners positive publicity and discussion

LINEUP

the menu of channels that a cable television system offers potential subscribers

FORMAT

the personality of a station, designed to attract a particular audience segment

PLAYLIST

the roster or lineup of songs that a radio station can play on the air during given a period of time

LOCAL ADVERTISING in Radio accounts for what percent

81

Local Ads most important with what percent

81

RENTAL OUTLETS

- companies that purchase releases from movie distributors and then rent them to Individual customers on a pay-per-day basis

Cultural Colonialism

(is similar to the narrowing of cultural diversity) The concern over the lack of cultural diversity in movies argues that American society is being harmed.

Two types of Star System

1. A films 2. B Films

3 Components to Radio Industry:

1. Advertising/ 2. Networks/ 3.FCC

Two ways that radio stays in business

1. COMMERCIAL STATIONS 2. NONCOMMERCIAL STATIONS

Name the 2 different kinds of format

1. FORMAT CONSULTANTS - 2. NARROWCASTING

two EXAMPLES OF MEDIA ETHICS AND THE MOTION PICTURE INDUSTRY

1. IDEOLOGIES 2. STEREOTYPES

Determining a Station's Format

1. MUSIC STYLE 2. MUSIC TIME PERIOD 3. MUSIC ACTIVITY LEVEL 4. MUSIC SOPHISTICATION

Three ways of Advertising's Role in Radio Exhibition

1. NATIONAL SPOT ADVERTISING 2. NETWORK ADVERTISING 3. LOCAL ADVERTISING

Three ways of DISTRIBUTION IN THE RADIO INDUSTRY

1. NETWORK 2. SYNDICATORS 3. FORMAT NETWORKS

Three main DISTRIBUTION IN THE RADIO INDUSTRY

1. Networks/ 2. Syndicators/ 3. Format Networks

Two ways THANKS TO DIGITAL CONVERGENCE.

1. SELL-THROUGH OUTLETS 2. RENTAL OUTLETS

Two ways to get the movie out

1. SELL-THROUGH OUTLETS 2. RENTAL OUTLETS