Mastering A and P Chapter 3
The final processing of proteins "tagged" for secretion occurs in which cellular organelle?
Golgi apparatus
Which of the following is NOT a structural component of the nucleus?
Golgi apparatus
Which of these organelles is responsible for forming secretory vesicles?
Golgi apparatus
packages substances for release from cell
Golgi apparatus
What is the basic difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion across a cell membrane?
In facilitated diffusion, molecules only move with the aid of a protein in the membrane.
Which of the following is most likely to move through the cell membrane by facilitated diffusion?
Na+
synthesizes cholesterol and fat
Smooth ER
If a person is severely dehydrated, their extracellular fluids will become hypertonic to the intracellular fluid. What do you predict will happen to the person's cells?
The cells will lose water and shrink.
Which of the following represents a segment of RNA?
AUGUCA
If the sequence of nitrogenous bases in one strand of DNA is GTA-GCA, the sequence of bases on its complementary DNA strand would be ________.
CAT-CGT
Which of the following statements is a component of the cell theory?
Cells arise from preexisting cells
Which of the following statements about cells is FALSE?
Cells join together to form organelles, which then form our organs and organ systems.
What happens when body cells are placed in a hypertonic solution
Water leaves the cells and the cells shrink.
What happens when body cells are placed in a hypertonic solution?
Water leaves the cells and the cells shrink.
The movement of substances through the cell membrane against their concentration gradient is a type of ________ process.
active
What transport process can create a concentration gradient for sodium across the plasma membrane?
active transport
During the highlighted phase of mitosis, the chromosomes are ________.
aligned in the center of the cell
In which phase of mitosis does the number of chromosomes in a cell double?
anaphase
Osmosis transports water across membranes using ________.
aquaporins
What elements make up 96 percent of the body's weight?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
The structural and functional unit of all living things is the ________.
cell
Which of the following statements is a component of the cell theory
cells arise from preexisting cells
Which of the following is not required for osmosis to occur?
cellular energy
Which of the following is primarily composed of DNA?
chromatin
cellular extensions that move substances along the cell surface
cilia
In cell division, the term that refers to division of the cytoplasm is ________.
cytokinesis
Cellular material located outside the nucleus yet inside the plasma membrane is the ________.
cytoplasm
The ________ is a network of proteins that forms an internal framework for the cell.
cytoskeleton
internal framework composed of a network of protein structures
cytoskeleton
Type of passive process in which molecules move across the plasma membrane down a concentration gradient
diffusion
Type of active process in which the cell engulfs extracellular substances by phagocytosis or pinocytosis
endocytosis
A vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and releases its contents to the extracellular fluid. This statement describes _____.
exocytosis
Some transport processes use transport proteins in the plasma membrane, but do not require ATP. This type of transport is known as _____.
facilitated diffusion
The majority of water molecules moving across plasma membranes by osmosis do so via a process that is most similar to ____.
facilitated diffusion
What process permits absorption of glucose into cells?
facilitated diffusion
Which of the following processes require the use of protein carrier molecules?
facilitated diffusion and solute pumping
Translation is the stage of protein synthesis during which a complementary mRNA molecule is synthesized from a DNA template.
false
The movement of fluid through the cell membrane from a high pressure area to a lower pressure area is called ________.
filtration
Looking into a microscope, you notice cells swimming, propelled by a long tail. What cell structure must these cells have in order to be mobile?
flagella
Which of the following is NOT considered a cytoplasmic organelle?
flagellum
The DNA segment that carries information for building one protein or polypeptide chain is called a(n) ________.
gene
Which of the following substances must travel across a membrane via facilitated diffusion?
glucose
The phospholipid tails are ________, which make the plasma membrane impermeable to water.
hydrophobic
Which of the following solutions contains the most solute?
hypertonic
A solution that contains fewer solutes than the cell is ________.
hypotonic
The cell shown in the figure has been placed into a(n) ________ solution.
hypotonic
Where in a typical eukaryotic cell would you expect to find genes?
in the DNA within the cell's nucleus
DNA replication takes place during ________.
interphase
In which cell stage does DNA replicate?
interphase
The period of the cell cycle when the cell grows and performs its metabolic activities is ________.
interphase
The nucleoplasm and cytosol make up the ________ fluid.
intracellular
All matter consists of elements. The greatest part of living matter is organized using only four elements. Which of the following elements does NOT make up the bulk of living matter?
iron
In general, to maintain homeostasis the relationship between our intracellular and extracellular fluids should be which of the following?
isotonic to each other
The organelle that contains enzymes produced by ribosomes and packaged by the Golgi apparatus is the ________.
lysosome
Which of the following acts as the digestive system of the cell, breaking down materials?
lysosome
site of intracellular digestion
lysosomes
cylindrical structures made of tubulin proteins
microtubules
increases surface area of plasma membrane for absorption
microvilli
site of ATP synthesis
mitochondria
The organelle responsible for making the majority of ATP in a cell is the ________.
mitochondrion
The two steps of protein synthesis, in the correct order, are ________ and ________.
mitosis; cytokinesis
A primary active transport process is one in which __________.
molecules move through transport proteins that have been activated by ATP
Which of the following best explains diffusion?
movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
During the highlighted phase of mitosis, the chromosomes are ________.
moving away from each other toward opposite poles of the cell
genetic control center of the cell
nucleus
The specialized cellular compartments within the cytosol of the cell are collectively called ________.
organelles
The passive process that involves the movement of water through aquaporins is ________.
osmosis
Type of active transport in which sodium and potassium are pumped across a membrane using ATP
osmosis
What process does water use to move across the plasma membrane?
osmosis
Two types of endocytosis are ________.
phagocytosis and pinocytosis
What part of the plasma membrane is hydrophobic?
phospholipid tails
The sodium-potassium pump uses ATP to move sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This statement describes _____.
primary active transport
The correct order of phases of the mitosis is ________.
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
What assists the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion?
protein carrier or channel
During the highlighted phase of mitosis, the nuclear envelope is ________.
reassembling
Passive processes that move substances across membranes ________.
require no ATP
Which of the following is NOT one of the three major components of a typical eukaryotic cell?
ribosome
site of protein synthesis
ribosomes
Which organelle synthesizes proteins that are used in the cytoplasm?
ribosomes that are free within the cytoplasm
A cell is isotonic to its 4% dextrose solution. When moved to a 6% dextrose solution, that cell will ________.
shrink
Which of the following is least likely to increase the rate of diffusion?
small concentration gradient
Type of passive process in which water is moved through aquaporins
solute pumping
The nucleotides of DNA join in a complementary way in which adenine pairs with ________ while cytosine pairs with ________.
thymine; guanine
What process does a cell use to make an RNA copy of a segment of DNA?
transcription
The two major phases of protein synthesis are ________.
transcription and translation
Which of the following molecules brings the appropriate amino acid to the ribosome during protein synthesis?
transfer RNA
The molecule that carries an amino acid to the ribosome for incorporation into a protein is ________.
transfer RNA (tRNA)
Anaphase is the stage of cell division when the cleavage furrow first appears.
true