mastering a&p 2 ch. 25 group 4 modules 25.9-25.10 DSM

Why must tubular fluid in the nephron be buffered? All of the listed choices are correct. To allow secretion of H+ to continue To keep H+ from diffusing back into the blood To prevent the pH of the urine from becoming too low

All of the listed choices are correct.

A mismatch between carbon dioxide generation in peripheral tissues and carbon dioxide excretion at the lungs is a __________. respiratory acid−base disorder severe bicarbonate loss condition known as ketoacidosis metabolic acid−base disorder

respiratory acid−base disorder

Hyperventilation causes __________. respiratory alkalosis metabolic acidosis metabolic alkalosis respiratory acidosis

respiratory alkalosis

Which of the following is not consistent with rising CO2 levels? Additional H+ ions are produced. Additional bicarbonate ions are produced. Additional Na+ ions are released. Blood pH decreases.

Additional Na+ ions are released.

Given the following data, what would be your diagnosis for this patient? Data: pH 7.32; PCO2 38; HCO3- 20 mEq/L Respiratory acidosis Metabolic acidosis Respiratory alkalosis Metabolic alkalosis

Metabolic acidosis

A patient presents with a blood pH of 7.5, a PCO2 of 32, and a normal HCO3-. What is the likely cause of this patient's abnormal lab values? Anemia caused by chronic respiratory alkalosis Vomiting leading to metaboic alkalosis Diarrhea leading to acute metabolic acidosis Panic attacks causing acute respiratory alkalosis

Panic attacks causing acute respiratory alkalosis

What is the kidney's response to acidosis? Secretion of NH4+ into the urine Secretion of HCO3- into the urine Elimination of CO2 in the urine Secretion of H+ into urine

Secretion of H+ into urine

Deviations outside of the normal pH range due to increases in hydrogen ion concentrations would do all of the following except __________. decrease the rate of respiration alter protein structure disrupt the stability of cell membranes change the activities of important enzymes

decrease the rate of respiration

When a normal pulmonary response does NOT reverse respiratory acidosis, the kidneys respond by __________. increasing the rate of hydrogen ion secretion into the tubular fluid decreasing the rate of hydrogen ion secretion into the tubular fluid increasing the loss of bicarbonate ions increasing the reabsorption of hydrogen ions

increasing the rate of hydrogen ion secretion into the tubular fluid

Which of the following is the best way of describing respiratory compensation? A change in the respiratory rate that helps stabilize the pH of the ECF. A change in the rates of H+ and HCO3- secretion or reabsorption by the kidneys in response to changes in the plasma pH. A change in the respiratory rate that helps stabilize the pH of the ICF. The homeostatic interplay between the urinary and respiratory systems to maintain blood pH.

A change in the respiratory rate that helps stabilize the pH of the ECF.

If the partial pressure of CO2 rises in the blood, which of the following happens? An increase in pH A decrease in HCO3- concentration A decrease in H+ concentration A decrease in pH

A decrease in pH

Which of the following might be a response to respiratory acidosis? Increased bicarbonate secretion in the kidneys Increased respiratory rate Decreased respiratory rate Release of hydrogen ions by buffer systems

Increased respiratory rate

Which of the following is NOT a response during the regulation of metabolic alkalosis? HCO3- ions are secreted. The respiratory rate is increased. H+ ions are generated. Buffer systems other than carbonic acid-bicarbonate donate H+.

The respiratory rate is increased.

A loss of bicarbonate ions can lead to ____________________. respiratory acidosis respiratory alkalosis metabolic alkalosis metabolic acidosis

metabolic acidosis

Chronic diarrhea causes a severe loss of bicarbonate ions, resulting in __________. metabolic alkalosis metabolic acidosis respiratory alkalosis respiratory acidosis

metabolic acidosis

A loss of H+ or a gain in HCO3- can lead to _________. metabolic acidosis metabolic alkalosis respiratory acidosis respiratory alkalosis

metabolic alkalosis

Prolonged vomiting and loss of stomach acid causes __________. respiratory acidosis respiratory alkalosis metabolic alkalosis metabolic acidosis

metabolic alkalosis

Hypercapnia, or an elevation of carbon dioxide in the blood, is a sign of __________. respiratory acidosis metabolic alkalosis metabolic acidosis respiratory alkalosis

respiratory acidosis

Which of the following is NOT a response in the regulation of acute respiratory acidosis? H+ ions are secreted into the urine. Increased respiratory rate Buffer systems other than the carbonic acid-bicarbonate system accept H+. HCO3- ions are secreted into the urine.

HCO3- ions are secreted into the urine.

Which of the following descriptions is correct? In respiratory acid-base disorders, the CO2 levels of the ICF is abnormal. Metabolic acid-base disorders are caused by increasing the concentration of HCO3- in the ICF. Metabolic acid-base disorders are caused by the reduction of fixed acids and metabolic acids. Respiratory acid-base disorders result from a mismatch between CO2 generation in peripheral tissues and CO2 excretion by the lungs.

Respiratory acid-base disorders result from a mismatch between CO2 generation in peripheral tissues and CO2 excretion by the lungs.

Given the following data, what would be your diagnosis for this patient? Data: pH 7.3; pCO2 51 mm Hg.; HCO3- 31 mEq/L Metabolic acidosis Metabolic alkalosis Respiratory acidosis Respiratory alkalosis

Respiratory acidosis

Under normal circumstances, during respiratory acidosis the chemoreceptors monitoring the PCO2 of the plasma and CSF will eliminate the problem by calling for __________. a decrease in pulmonary ventilation rates an increase in pulmonary ventilation rates breathing into a small paper bag a decrease in the breathing rate

an increase in pulmonary ventilation rates