Mastering A&P (MAP) Chapter 4 -- tissues

________ is a water-soluble, complex glycoprotein that is secreted by goblet cells.

Mucin

Your instructor gives you an unknown organ for you to examine and identify through microscopy. What should you do first with the sample?

fix it with preservative

Which is true concerning muscle tissue

highly cellular and well vascularized

The first step in tissue repair involves ________.

inflammation

A ciliated version of pseudostratified columnar epithelium containing mucus-secreting goblet cells ________.

lines most of the respiratory tract

Which of the following increases the surface area of certain epithelial tissues?

microvilli

Blood is considered a type of connective tissue.

true

What do the glands shown in A and B both have in common

Both are exocrine glands.

Which of the following statements is true of connective tissue?

Collagen fibers provides high tensile strength.

Connective tissues ________. arise from different types of embryonic tissue; therefore, they have little relationship or kinship to one another are all avascular primarily consist of extracellular matrix are delicate tissues, not designed to bear weight or withstand abrasion or tension

primarily consist of extracellular matrix All other primary tissues are composed mainly of cells, but connective tissues are largely nonliving extracellular matrix, which separates, often widely, the living cells of the tissue.

In connective tissue, the role of collagen fibers is to ________. form delicate networks around blood vessels and support the soft tissue of organs provide elasticity retain fluid provide tensile strength

provide tensile strengthCollagen fibers are extremely tough and provide high tensile strength (that is, the ability to resist being pulled apart) to the matrix. Stress tests show that collagen fibers are stronger than steel fibers of the same size!

________ epithelium appears to have two or three layers of cells, but all the cells are in contact with the basement membrane.

pseudostratified columnar

You observe a tissue under a microscope. There appears to be a lumen on one side of the tissue. Lining this lumen, the cells seem to have long, fingerlike projections. Beneath the projections, the cells seem to have the shape of shoeboxes and are packed tightly together. What type of tissue are you looking at?

simple columnar epithelia

Which of the following epithelia forms the walls of the air sacs across which gas exchange occurs in the lungs?

simple squamous

Which of the following is a single-celled layer of epithelium that forms the lining of serous membranes?

simple squamous

All epithelia have two surfaces, an apical surface and a basal surface, that differ in both structure and function.

true

Depending on the functional state of the bladder, transitional epithelium may resemble stratified squamous or stratified cuboidal epithelium

true

Epithelial tissues always exhibit apica-basal polarity; meaning that cell regions near the apical surface differ from those near the basal surface.

true

Functions of connective tissues include binding, support, insulation, and protection

true

Part A The role of brown fat is to warm the body; whereas, the role of white fat is to store nutrients.

true

Simple cuboidal epithelia are usually found in areas where secretion and absorption occur.

true

Squamous cells are flattened and scalelike when mature

true

The shock-absorbing pads between the vertebrae are formed of fibrocartilage

true

Mucous cells are ________. multicellular exocrine glands unicellular exocrine glands endocrine glands hormone-producing glands

unicellular exocrine glands Mucous cells are unicellular exocrine glands that secrete mucin, a protein that combines with water to form mucus.

The correct order of events in tissue repair, from first to last, is ________. organization, inflammation, and regeneration inflammation, regeneration, and organization regeneration, organization, and inflammation inflammation, organization, and regeneration

In order, the basic steps of tissue repair are: inflammation, organization, and regeneration.

How are endocrine and exocrine glands different from each other?

Endocrine glands have no ducts.

Which of the following is a property of epithelial tissue?

Epithelial tissue is innervated.

Which of the following is a property of epithelial tissue? Epithelial tissue is innervated. Epithelial tissue does not exhibit polarity. Epithelial tissue is typically unable to regenerate. Epithelial tissue contains blood vessels.

Epithelial tissue is innervated. Epithelial tissue is an innervated, avascular tissue that exhibits polarity. Epithelial tissue is also highly regenerative.

Endocrine glands are often called ducted glands.

F

Which of the following is not a step in tissue repair

Formation of new stem cells

Select the correct statement regarding adipose tissue.

Its primary function is nutrient storage.

Without macrophages, wound healing is delayed. Why

Macrophages phagocytose many foreign materials, as well as cell debris and dead cells. This cleans the wound, allowing granulation tissue to form.

Which of the following is true about the mode of secretion of exocrine glands

Merocrine glands are not altered by the secretory process.

Which of the following is true about the mode of secretion of exocrine glands?

Merocrine glands are not altered by the secretory process.

________ is the tissue that regulates and controls body functions

Nervous tissue

________ epithelium appears to have two or three layers of cells, but all the cells are in contact with the basement membrane. ANSWER:

Pseudostratified columnar

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

Simple cuboidal epithelia are found in areas that stretch.

Select the correct statement regarding epithelia

Stratified squamous epithelia are present where protection from abrasion is important.

All epithelia have two surfaces, an apical surface and a basal surface, that differ in both structure and function. This property is called polarity.

T

Depending on the functional state of the bladder, transitional epithelium may resemble stratified squamous or stratified cuboidal epithelium.

T

Goblet cells are found within pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

T

Simple cuboidal epithelia are usually found in areas where secretion and absorption occur.

T

Squamous cells are flattened and scalelike when mature.

T

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? Mucous membranes line exits and entrances to the body. The cutaneous membrane is a dry membrane exposed to air. Serous membranes line body cavities and organs. The cutaneous membrane is made of a simple columnar epithelium

The cutaneous membrane is made of a simple columnar epithelium The cutaneous membrane, a "dry" membrane exposed to air, consists of a keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium called, the epidermis, and an underlying layer of connective tissue called, the dermis.

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT

The cutaneous membrane, a "dry" membrane exposed to air, consists of a keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium called, the epidermis, and an underlying layer of connective tissue called, the dermis

Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue.

True

Edema occurs when

areolar tissue soaks up excess fluid in an inflamed area

Which of the following is not found in the matrix of cartilage but is found in bone?

blood vessels

Which tissue is correctly paired with its primary cell type? bone: fibrocyte bone: osteoblast connective tissue proper: chondroblast cartilage: fibroblast

bone: osteoblast Osteoblasts/cytes are the primary cell type for bone.

Which tissues have little to no functional regenerative capacity

cardiac muscle and nervous tissue in the brain and spinal cord

What process is depicted in the basal layer of the glandular epithelium shown in B?

cell division

Choose which tissue would line the uterine (fallopian) tubes and function as a "conveyer belt" to help move a fertilized egg towards the uterus.

ciliated simple columnar epithelium

The fiber type that gives connective tissue great tensile strength is ________. ANSWER:

collagen

The salivary glands are a good example of a(n) ________ exocrine gland.

compound tubuloalveolar

Select the TRUE statement. Bundles of collagen are often found in loose connective tissue. Loose connective tissue includes cartilage. Dense connective tissue includes adipose tissue. Dense connective tissue is often called fibrous connective tissue

dense connective tissue is often called fibrous connective tissue.

The simple columnar epithelium that form absorptive cells of the digestive tract have which characteristic?

dense microvilla

The simple columnar epithelium that form absorptive cells of the digestive tract have which characteristic? cilia fibroblasts a rich vascular supply dense microvilli

dense microvilli

Which of the following is a modification of the simple columnar epithelium that allows for efficient absorption along portions of the digestive tract?

dense microvilli

The shape of the external ear is maintained by ________.

elastic cartilage

Which tissue type arises from all three embryonic germ layers? ANSWER:

epithelial tissue

Which tissue type consists of a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity?

epithelial tissue

What tissue type has polarity and is avascular?

epithelium

Which of the following cellular processes is portrayed in A?

exocytosis

Cartilage has good regenerative capacity, while most epithelial tissues do not. ANSWER:

false

Elastic cartilage tissue is found in the walls of the large arteries that leave the heart

false

Intercalated discs and striations are found in skeletal muscle.

false

Merocrine glands produce their secretions by accumulating their secretions internally until the cell ruptures.

false

Nervous tissue consists mainly of neurons and collagen fibers.

false

Pseudostratified epithelium consists of multiple cell layers

false

Salivary glands exhibit simple tubuloalveolar glandular arrangement

false

Tendons and ligaments are composed mainly of dense irregular connective tissue.

false

The correct order of events in tissue repair, from first to last, is ________.

inflammation, organization, and regeneration

Heart muscle cells would tend to separate without ________

intercalated discs

Smooth muscle ________.

is under involuntary control

Which of the following is NOT a manner in which any epithelial tissue is classified?

location

Which of the following glands might utilize the secretory mechanism and duct structure shown in A?

pancreas

Connective tissues ________.

primarily consist of extracellular matrix

In connective tissue, the role of collagen fibers is to ________.

provide tensile strength

Groups of cells that are similar in structure and perform a common or related function form a(n) ________.

tissue

Groups of cells that are similar in structure and perform a common or related function form a(n) ________. ANSWER:

tissue

Which type of epithelium lines the interior of the urinary bladder

transitional epithelium

Mucous cells are ________.

unicellular exocrine glands

Which statement best describes connective tissue?

usually contains a large amount of matrix

What tissue has lacunae, calcium salts, and blood vessels?

osseous tissue

Which type of membrane is a dry membrane exposed to the air?

Correct The cutaneous membrane is your skin, an organ consisting of a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (epidermis) firmly attached to a thick layer of connective tissue (dermis). Unlike other epithelial membranes, the cutaneous membrane is exposed to the air and is a dry membrane.

Which of the following is true about epithelia?

Endothelium provides a slick surface lining all hollow cardiovascular organs.

How is hyaline cartilage different from elastic or fibrocartilage? ANSWER:

Fibers are not normally visible.

Which of the following describes a holocrine gland?

Holocrine glands secrete their products by rupturing.

________ is a water-soluble, complex glycoprotein that is secreted by goblet cells. A hormone Mucin Salt An enzyme An amino acid

MucinLike mucous cells, goblet cells are unicellular exocrine glands that secrete mucin, a protein that combines with water to form mucus. In goblet cells, the cuplike accumulation of mucin distends the top of the cell, making these cells look like a glass with a stem, thus "goblet" cell. This distortion does not occur in mucous cells.

________ is the tissue that regulates and controls body functions. Nervous tissue Bone Muscle tissue Blood

Nervous tissue regulates and controls body functions

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? Stratified squamous epithelia are found in areas subjected to wear and tear. Simple cuboidal epithelia are found in areas that stretch. Simple columnar epithelia are associated with absorption and secretion. Simple squamous epithelia are associated with filtration and exchange.

Simple cuboidal epithelia are found in areas that stretch.This is incorrect; transitional (not simple cuboidal) epithelia are found in areas that stretch, in particular the ureters and urinary bladder. Simple cuboidal epithelia are designed for absorption and secretion (not stretching).

Smooth muscle ________. has striations is under involuntary control has long, cylindrical cells contains intercalated discs

Smooth and cardiac muscle are under involuntary control. Skeletal muscle is under voluntary control.

Select the correct statement regarding epithelia.

Stratified squamous epithelia are present where protection from abrasion is important.

Why are adipose, blood, and bone all considered to be connective tissues?

They have a common origin, mesenchyme.

Smooth muscle cells possess central nuclei but lack striations

True

All epithelia have two surfaces, an apical surface and a basal surface, that differ in both structure and function. True False

True All epithelia exhibit polarity, which is defined by the presence of an apical surface and a basal surface that differ in both structure and function.

Which is the most atypical connective tissue since it does not connect things or provide structural support? ANSWER:

Which is the most atypical connective tissue since it does not connect things or provide structural support? ANSWER:

Which type of gland produces hormones?

endocrine glands

Arteries, veins, and lymphatics keep clots from sticking as long as their ________ is intact and healthy

endothelium

The basic difference between dense irregular and dense regular connective tissues is in the amount of elastic fibers and adipose cells present

false

Connective tissue matrix is composed of ________.

fibers and ground substance

Which tissue repair process results in the formation of scar tissue

fibrosis

What are the three main components of connective tissue

ground substance, fibers, and cells

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium ciliated variety ________. possesses no goblet cells lines most of the respiratory tract aids in digestion is not an epithelial classification

lines most of the respiratory tract

__________ are water-soluble, complex glycoproteins that are secreted by goblet cells.

mucins

Exocrine glands ________.

secrete substances into blood are only unicellular in structure --- secrete substances onto body surfaces secrete hormones

Exocrine glands ________. secrete substances into blood secrete hormones secrete substances onto body surfaces are only unicellular in structure

secrete substances onto body surfacesExocrine glands use ducts to secrete substances into the external environment (onto the surfaces of the cutaneous and mucous membranes). Note: "exo" means outside. Endocrine glands are ductless; they secrete hormones into the extracellular fluid of our internal environment. Note: "endo" means inside.

Inability to absorb digested nutrients and secrete mucus might indicate a disorder in which epithelial tissue?

simple columnar

Inability to absorb digested nutrients and secrete mucus might indicate a disorder in which tissue? simple squamous transitional stratified squamous simple columnar

simple columnar

Which of the following epithelial tissue locations is NOT correctly matched to its function? kidney: secretion skin: absorption kidney: filtration digestive tract: absorption skin: protection

skin: absorptionThe keratinized stratified squamous epithelium of skin is designed for protection, not absorption from the external environment.

A many-layered epithelium with cuboidal basal cells and flat cells at its surface would be classified as ________.

stratified squamous

What function do transitional epithelia have?

stretching

What distinguishes the gland in A from the gland in B?

the method of secretion

Which of the following is true about epithelia? Stratified epithelia are associated with filtration. Pseudostratified epithelia are commonly keratinized. Simple epithelia are commonly found in areas of high abrasion. Endothelium provides a slick surface lining all hollow cardiovascular organs.

Endothelium provides a slick surface lining all hollow cardiovascular organs.

Merocrine glands produce their secretions by accumulating their secretions internally until the cell ruptures.

F

Pseudostratified epithelia are well adapted to the digestive system because the cilia increase the surface area for absorption.

F

Salivary glands exhibit simple tubuloalveolar glandular arrangement.

F

Which of the following would be of most importance to goblet cells and other glandular epithelia?

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following describes a holocrine gland? Holocrine glands secrete their products by rupturing. Holocrine glands secrete their products by exocytosis. Holocrine glands secrete their products by endocytosis. Holocrine glands secrete their products by pinching off the apex of the cell.

Holocrine glands secrete their products by rupturing. Holocrine glands secrete their products by rupturing. Sebaceous (oil) glands are the only example of holocrine glands in the body

Select the correct statement regarding tissue repair

Inflammation causes capillaries to dilate and become permeable.

________ are highly phagocytic cells that are a part of the body's defense system. These cells can be localized (fixed), or they can wander throughout the body. Eosinophils Macrophages Basophils Erythrocytes (RBC) Mast cells

Macrophages, which are peppered throughout loose connective tissue, bone marrow, and lymphatic tissue, may be attached to connective tissue fibers (fixed) or may migrate freely through the matrix. They phagocytize a broad variety of foreign materials, ranging from foreign molecules to entire bacteria to dust particles. These "big eaters" also dispose of dead tissue cells, and they are central actors in the immune system.

Epithelial tissues always exhibit apical-basal polarity; meaning that cell regions near the apical surface differ from those near the basal surface.

T

Which of the following is NOT a role of connective tissue?

absorption Absorption, the movement of substances into the body, is a role of epithelial tissue. Roles of connective tissue include: binding and support, protection, insulation, and transportation of substances, via blood, within the body.

Which of the following statements is NOT characteristic of the areolar connective tissue pictured in the figure?

areolar connective tissue avascular

Which is the most atypical connective tissue since it does not connect things or provide structural support? ANSWER:

blood

Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as ________.

endocrine

Arteries, veins, and lymphatics keep clots from sticking as long as their ________ is intact and healthy.

endothelium

A substance received or given off by your body will likely pass through which tissue type?

epithelial tissue

Which tissue type consists of a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity? ANSWER:

epithelial tissue

After a heart attack, fibrosis occurs at the site of cardiac muscle cell death. This reduces the efficiency of the heart's pumping activity because __________. ANSWER:

fibrous connective tissue is incapable of contracting

Which cells are commonly found wedged between simple columnar epithelial cells?

goblet cells

Where is transitional epithelium found?

in areas subjected to stretching

Where is transitional epithelium found? in areas subject to wear and tear in areas involved in absorption in areas involved in filtration in areas subjected to stretching

in areas subjected to stretching Transitional epithelium is found in the urinary system. It lines the ureters, bladder and proximal part of the urethra-organs that are subjected to distention or stretching as urine passes through or fills them.

Which of the following increases the surface area of certain epithelial tissues? desmosomes basement membrane basal lamina microvilli cilia

microvilli Microvilli are small finger-like projections that greatly increase the surface area of epithelial cells (thus epithelial tissues), an important attribute of tissues that have a role in absorption and secretion.

An exocrine gland that has an unbranched duct would be classified as a ________.

multicellular simple gland

An exocrine gland that has an unbranched duct would be classified as a __________.

multicellular simple gland

Choose the answer that shows the correct order for the standard preparation of a histological specimen.

(1) fixation, (2) sectioning, (3) staining

What do the glands shown in A and B both have in common?

Both are exocrine glands.