Mastering A&P - Vasculature

Which of the following blood pressure readings would be indicative of hypertension?

170/96

Which statement best describes arteries?

All carry blood away from the heart.

Which will NOT occur if blood pressure drops below homeostatic levels?

Baroreceptors in the carotid sinuses and aortic arch will be stimulated.

Which of the following is NOT correct regarding the relationship between pressure, flow, and resistance in the cardiovascular system?

Blood flow (F) is inversely proportional to the pressure gradient (ΔP) in the blood vessels.

Select the correct statement about blood flow.

Blood flow through the entire vascular system is proportional to cardiac output

Which of the following statements does NOT correctly describe tissue perfusion in the cardiovascular system?

The myogenic response is an example of extrinsic control of tissue perfusion.

Which of the following correctly describes how the baroreceptor reflexes would respond to a fall in blood pressure?

The vasomotor center would increase sympathetic output to arterial smooth muscle to increase TPR.

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the precapillary sphincters?

They decrease the osmotic pressure in the thoroughfare channel.

Which of the following is true regarding veins?

Veins have valves; arteries do not.

The short-term controls of blood pressure, mediated by the nervous system and bloodborne chemicals, primarily operate via all but which of the following?

altering blood volume

During a marathon which of the following hormones is least likely to be released by the runner?

atrial natriureretic peptide or ANP

Which of the following is NOT a vasoconstrictor?

atrial natriuretic peptide

If a person has lost a significant amount of blood but still maintains a normal blood pressure it does not necessarily mean that the person is maintaining adequate perfusion. Which of the following best explains why this is so?

blood vessels are constricting causing greater peripheral resistance

Which of the following is not a capillary transport mechanism that allows for the exchange of nutrients and gases?

bulk flow

At what point would we definitely not be able to measure the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure?

capillaries

Which blood vessels lack elastic tissue?

capillaries and venules

Which of the following is likely during vigorous exercise?

capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged with blood

The baroreceptors in the carotid sinus and aortic arch are sensitive to which of the following?

changes in aterial pressure

If a person were to have substantial blood loss, you would expect to see all of the following physiological events to happen EXCEPT one. Select the least likely response to substantial blood loss.

decreased heart rate

Which of the following would decrease total peripheral resistance to blood flow?

decreasing the hematocrit

Blood flow is ________ proportional to the difference in blood pressure. Blood flow is ________ proportional to the total peripheral resistance.

directly;inversely

As the kidneys filter blood, it is necessary for both fluid and dissolved chemicals in the plasma to be rapidly removed without the removal of larger proteins or cells. Which capillary would be best suited for this filtration?

fenestrated capillaries

Which of the following would NOT be expected from taking a diuretic drug?

greater stress on the heart to provide adequate perfusion

Total peripheral resistance

increases as blood viscosity increases

In local autoregulation of blood flow, usually low oxygen levels cause vasodilation. Which tissue shows the opposite pattern?

lungs

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart and are named by the organs they supply (renal) are

muscular arteries

Atherosclerosis causes elastic arteries to become less stretchy. How does this affect pulse pressure?

pulse pressure is chronically increased

Which of the following would take the longest time to regulate blood pressure?

renal regulation

The form of circulatory shock known as hypovolemic shock is

shock that results from large-scale loss of blood volume, or after severe vomiting or diarrhea

The influence of blood vessel diameter on total peripheral resistance is

significant because resistance is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the vessel radius

In red bone marrow newly formed blood cells enter the circulation. You would expect to see many ________ type of capillaries in red bone marrow.

sinusoid

The most permeable capillaries, which contain fenestrations and large intercellular clefts, are called

sinusoid capillaries

The velocity of blood flow is

slowest in the capillaries because the total cross-sectional area is the greatest

pulse pressure is

systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure

Mechanisms that do NOT help regulate blood pressure include

the dural sinus reflex

Which of the following is NOT an important source of resistance to blood flow?

total blood volume

Which structural layer of blood vessels is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure?

tunica media

Factors that aid venous return include all EXCEPT

urinary output

Which of the following form successively larger vessels that carry blood toward the heart?

veins

Which of the following is mismatched?

veins: resistance vessels