mastering bio chapter 4

Which of the following is part of the endomembrane system? a)Golgi apparatus b)mitochondria c)flagellum d)cytoskeleton e)ribosomes

a)Golgi apparatus

How are cell surface proteins exported out of the cell? a)The protein is folded, then packaged for transport to the Golgi apparatus. b)The protein will be modified with the addition of a monosaccharide. c)The protein will be sent to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum to be sorted for its final destination. d)The proteins are packaged into vesicles for transport to the lysosomes.

a)The protein is folded, then packaged for transport to the Golgi apparatus.

Plant cells have two energy-related organelles. ________________ harness light energy to create sugars and ________________ break down these sugars to create ATP. a)chloroplasts; mitochondria b)mitochondria; chloroplasts c)chloroplasts; ribosomes d)ribosomes; chloroplasts

a)chloroplasts; mitochondria

The structural framework in a cell is the a)cytoskeleton. b)endoplasmic reticulum (ER). c)endomembrane system. d)plasma membrane. e)extracellular matrix

a)cytoskeleton.

Mitochondria appear in the greatest numbers in cells that are _____. a)metabolically active b)undergoing cell division c)dead d)reproducing

a)metabolically active

Animal cells are surrounded by a(n) ________________, whereas plant cells are also surrounded by a(n) ________________ . a)plasma membrane; cell wall b)plasma membrane; endomembrane c)endomembrane; cell wall d)nuclear membrane; endomembrane

a)plasma membrane; cell wall

Which of the following organelles puts amino acids together to form proteins? a)ribosome b)endoplasmic reticulum c)Golgi apparatus d)nucleus

a)ribosome

One of the ways smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is that rough ER is covered by a)ribosomes. b)the Golgi apparatus. c)the extracellular matrix. d)mitochondria. e)the cytoskeleton

a)ribosomes.

Where are lipids made in the cell? a)smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) b)rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) c)Golgi apparatus d)mitochondria e)ribosomes

a)smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Which plant cell organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell? a) Golgi apparatus. b) Mitochondrion. c) Central vacuole. d) Plasma membrane. e) Chloroplast

b) Mitochondrion.

Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole? a) Working with mRNA to synthesize proteins b) Storing compounds produced by the cell c) Storing the genetic information of the cell d) Separating the cell from its surroundings e) Converting light energy to chemical energy

b) Storing compounds produced by the cell

What mitochondrial feature enhances cellular respiration? a)matrix b)cristae c)mitochondrial DNA d)intermembrane space

b)cristae

Which organelles comprise the endomembrane system of a cell? a)mitochondrion, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus b)endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome c)mitochondrion, chloroplast, plasma membrane d)plasma membrane, nuclear membrane, endomembrane

b)endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome

The nucleolus __________. a)organizes the spindle fibers for cell division b)is rich in ribosomal RNA c)modifies substances made on the endoplasmic reticulum d)contains the hereditary blueprint of the cell

b)is rich in ribosomal RNA

A disease called primary ciliary dyskenisia is characterized by abnormal ciliary movements. In these cilia, microtubule functioning is disrupted due to microtubules missing an essential component. This disease could be caused by __________. a)lack of actin proteins b)lack of dynein proteins c)lack of integrins d)too many integrin proteins

b)lack of dynein proteins

Which of the following organelles breaks down worn-out organelles? a)mitochondria b)lysosomes c)rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) d)Golgi apparatus e)smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER

b)lysosomes

Where in a cell is ATP made? a)nucleus b)mitochondria c)ribosomes d)lysosomes e)cytoskeleton

b)mitochondria

Pancreatic cells produce large amounts of protein. About how many ribosomes would you expect there to be in a pancreatic cell? a)one b)several million c)several hundred d)about ten

b)several million

One function of the central vacuole in plant cells is facilitating cell growth: the central vacuole absorbs water and increases in size, expanding the volume and size of the plant cell while doing so. Animal cells, however, do not grow by this method. What is an essential difference between animal and plant cells that could explain how a plant cell can withstand this expansion of the central vacuole? a)Animal cells have a similar organelle that produces the same effect as the central vacuole. b) Plant cells grow at a slower rate than animal cells. c) The plant cell wall provides a more rigid structure. d)Plant cells cannot divide

c) The plant cell wall provides a more rigid structure.

Many researchers think that the first eukaryotic cells obtained energy for life-sustaining functions from organic compounds. Given this information, which of the following organelles most likely appeared last in eukaryotic cells? a)ribosome b)plasma membrane c)chloroplast d)nucleus

c)chloroplast

What are the three organelles that plant cells have but animal cells do not? a)chloroplast, central vacuole, lysosome b)chloroplast, cell wall, lysosome c)chloroplast, central vacuole, cell wall d) mitochondrion, cell wall, central vacuole

c)chloroplast, central vacuole, cell wall

Where would ribosomes be located that are responsible for producing enzymes which play a role in sugar metabolism? a)Golgi apparatus b)rough endoplasmic reticulum c)cytosol d)smooth endoplasmic reticulum

c)cytosol

Where are chlorophyll molecules located within the chloroplasts? a)in the stroma b)within chloroplast ribosomes c)embedded in the thylakoid membrane d)within the outer membrane of the chloroplasts

c)embedded in the thylakoid membrane

The ____________________ builds compounds, whereas the ________________ breaks things down. a)Golgi apparatus; lysosome b)endoplasmic reticulum; Golgi apparatus c)endoplasmic reticulum; lysosome d)Golgi apparatus; central vacuole

c)endoplasmic reticulum; lysosome

The cells of a person with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) swell with a buildup of fatty acids. In other words, fatty acids are not being broken down. Which organelle is most likely failing to function correctly? a)Golgi apparatus b)ribosome c)lysosome d)mitochondrion

c)lysosome

Which of the following organelles is found only in animal cells and NOT in most plant cells? a)chloroplast b)mitochondrion c)lysosome d) peroxisome

c)lysosome

The genetic center of the eukaryotic cell is the __________. a)lysosomes b)Golgi apparatus c)nucleus d)nucleolus

c)nucleus

The plasma membrane would fit into which general function category? a)energy production b)breakdown c)support, movement, and communication d)manufacturing

c)support, movement, and communication

Which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic? a)whether or not the cell contains DNA b)the presence or absence of a rigid cell wall c)whether or not the cell is partitioned into compartments by internal membranes d)the presence or absence of ribosomes

c)whether or not the cell is partitioned into compartments by internal membranes

What do the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes have in common? a)All are located in the nucleus of the cell. b)They are all physically connected to each other. c)They all perform similar roles in the cell. d)They are constructed of interrelated membranes.

d)They are constructed of interrelated membranes

Which is a typical function of lysosomes? a)storage of food particles for energy purposes b)keeping bacteria within a safe, contained environment c)rebuilding macromolecules, such as glycoproteins d)breaking down of damaged organelles, such as mitochondria

d)breaking down of damaged organelles, such as mitochondria

What makes up the majority of a cell's interior? a)mitochondria b)nucleus c)endoplasmic reticulum d)cytoplasm

d)cytoplasm

Where are chlorophyll molecules located within the chloroplasts? a)in the stroma b)within chloroplast ribosomes c)within the outer membrane of the chloroplasts d)embedded in the thylakoid membrane

d)embedded in the thylakoid membrane

What carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm? a)ribosomes b)Rough ER c)ATP d)mRNA e)DNA

d)mRNA

Digestive cells produce and secrete many enzymes that break down ingested food. These cells have a large number of ribosomes __________. a)in the cytoplasm b)on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum c)on the Golgi apparatus d)on the rough endoplasmic reticulum

d)on the rough endoplasmic reticulum

You have identified a new organism. It has ribosomes, plasmodesmata, and cell walls made of cellulose. This new organism is most likely a(n) __________. a)animal b)prokaryote c)bacterium d)plant

d)plant

What structure acts as a selective barrier, regulating the traffic of materials into and out of the cell? a)endomembrane system b)extracellular matrix c)nuclear envelope d)plasma membrane e)cytoskeleton

d)plasma membrane

If you wished to clearly observe the organelles inside of a white blood cell, which type of microscope would you choose? a)light microscope b)scanning electron microscope c)dissecting microscope d)transmission electron microscope

d)transmission electron microscope

_____ are found only in plant cells, but _____ are found in both plant and animal cells. a) Lysosomes; plasma membranes b) Chloroplasts; central vacuoles c) Plasma membranes; mitochondria d) Cell walls; chloroplasts e) Central vacuoles; ribosomes

e) Central vacuoles; ribosomes

Which of the following describes the function of the chloroplast? a) The chloroplast creates internal pressure for a cell. b) The chloroplast serves as a protein manufacturing facility. c) The chloroplast functions as the site of lipid synthesis. d) The chloroplast stores compounds produced by the cell. e) The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy

e) The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy

The plant cell wall a) regulates the composition of the cytoplasm. b) is found just inside the plasma membrane. c) is very similar to the animal cell wall. d) makes food by converting light energy to chemical energy. e) is a protective structure made of cellulose fibrils

e) is a protective structure made of cellulose fibrils

Where is the genetic information of the cell stored? a)smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) b)Golgi apparatus c)rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) d)lysosomes e)nucleus

e)nucleus