mastering bio chapter 4 quiz

If you wished to clearly observe the organelles inside of a white blood cell, which type of microscope would you choose? -scanning electron microscope -transmission electron microscope -light microscope -dissecting microscope

transmission electron microscope

Which of the following structures is essential for the successful operation of the endomembrane system? -transport vesicles -centrioles -anchoring junctions -chloroplasts

transport vesicles

Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why? -The intestinal cells are bound together by gap junctions. -The intestinal cells are fused together into one giant cell. -The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions. -The intestinal cells are bound together by plasmodesmata.

The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.

The contractile vacuole __________. -contains trapped bacteria to be digested by the lysosomes -converts light energy to chemical energy -contains the cell sap -eliminates excess water from the cytoplasm of freshwater protists

eliminates excess water from the cytoplasm of freshwater protists

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in that they both __________; however, they are different in that only chloroplasts, and not mitochondria, __________. -have an internal 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules ... also have centrioles -deal with energy transformations ... are found only in eukaryotes -have a double membrane ... carry out photosynthesis -have many internal membranes that increase their internal surface area ... are found in plants

have a double membrane ... carry out photosynthesis

The maximum size of a cell is limited by _____. -the amount of flexibility it needs to be able to move -the materials needed to build it -the number of organelles that can be packed inside -its need for enough surface area to make exchanges with its environment

its need for enough surface area to make exchanges with its environment

Which of the following would distinguish a bacterial cell from an animal cell? -presence of a plasma membrane -presence of a cell wall -replication of DNA -production of proteins

presence of a cell wall

You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to _____. -secrete a lot of material -perform photosynthesis -move actively -make a lot of ATP

secrete a lot of material

The plasma membrane would fit into which general function category? -breakdown -support, movement, and communication -manufacturing -energy production

support, movement, and communication

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? -detoxifying drugs -synthesizing steroid hormones -synthesizing receptor proteins -storing calcium ions

synthesizing receptor proteins

The purpose of cellular respiration is the production of __________. -glucose -carbon dioxide -oxygen -ATP

ATP

The term resolving power refers to _____. -the source of the illumination -the depth of focus -the clarity of the image in showing two objects as separate -the apparent increase in the size of an object

the clarity of the image in showing two objects as separate

The eyepiece of a light microscope has a magnification level of 10x. If you were looking at a paramecium under the lowest-power objective (4x), what would be the total magnification of the microscope at this setting? -4x -10x -400x -40x

40x

Which type of cytoskeletal protein is also involved in muscle contractions? -tubulin -actin -mitochondria -myosin

Actin

Peroxisomes are organelles that are involved in the _____. -breakdown of fatty acids -synthesis of lipids -generation of energy -production of ribosomes

breakdown of fatty acids

Which is a typical function of lysosomes? -breaking down of damaged organelles, such as mitochondria -rebuilding macromolecules, such as glycoproteins -keeping bacteria within a safe, contained environment -storage of food particles for energy purposes

breaking down of damaged organelles, such as mitochondria

The function of the chloroplast is to _____. -digest sugar to provide ATP energy for the cell -convert one kind of chemical energy to another -move the cell -convert light energy to chemical energy

convert light energy to chemical energy

Which of the following are stored in the lysosomes of the cell? -material to make ribosomes -enzymes for detoxifying harmful compounds such as alcohol -digestive enzymes -glycoproteins being prepared for secretion from the cell

digestive enzymes

Cilia and flagella move thanks to the energy provided by __________, a special motor protein that can harvest energy from ATP. -basal bodies -actin -dynein arms -pseudopodia

dynein arms

What changes would you expect to see in the liver cells of someone suffering from chronic alcoholism? -decreased levels of nuclear permeability -decreased levels of DNA synthesis -increased levels of mitochondrial activity -increased levels of endoplasmic reticulum activity

increased levels of endoplasmic reticulum activity

Signals are transmitted between the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton through __________ proteins. -integrin -collagen -microfilament -gap junction

integrin

The cells of a person with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) swell with a buildup of fatty acids. In other words, fatty acids are not being broken down. Which organelle is most likely failing to function correctly? -ribosome -Golgi apparatus -mitochondrion -lysosome

lysosome

Which of the following organelles is found only in animal cells and NOT in most plant cells? -mitochondrion -lysosome -peroxisome -chloroplast

lysosome

Which of the following cytoplasmic structures functions in the transport of vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus? -microtubules -intermediate filaments -microfilaments -actin filaments

microtubules

The internal skeleton of a cell is composed of _____. -cellulose and intermediate filaments -cellulose, microtubules, and centrioles -microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments -microfilaments

microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments

You have identified a new organism. It has ribosomes, plasmodesmata, and cell walls made of cellulose. This new organism is most likely a(n) __________. -animal -prokaryote -bacterium -plant

plant

Chloroplasts are found in __________. -plant cells and some protists -both plant cells and animal cells -animal cells only -neither plant cells nor animal cells

plant cells and some protists

What is the relationship between the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane? -The plasma membrane stops the products of the Golgi apparatus from leaving the cell. -The finished products of the Golgi apparatus may leave the cell through vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane. -The Golgi apparatus begins the formation of the lipids that make up plasma membranes. -The membranes of the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane are continuous.

the finished products of the Golgi apparatus may leave the cell through vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane

One function of the central vacuole in plant cells is facilitating cell growth: the central vacuole absorbs water and increases in size, expanding the volume and size of the plant cell while doing so. Animal cells, however, do not grow by this method. What is an essential difference between animal and plant cells that could explain how a plant cell can withstand this expansion of the central vacuole? -Plant cells grow at a slower rate than animal cells. -Plant cells cannot divide. -Animal cells have a similar organelle that produces the same effect as the central vacuole. -The plant cell wall provides a more rigid structure.

the plant cell wall provides a more rigid structure

To enter or leave any cell, substances must pass through _____. -the plasma membrane -the nucleus -the Golgi apparatus -a microtubule -a ribosome

the plasma membrane

Mitochondria are found in _____. -both plant cells and animal cells -plant cells only -animal cells only -animal cells and bacterial cells

both plant cells and animal cells

Part complete Mitochondria appear in the greatest numbers in cells that are _____. -undergoing cell division -metabolically active -reproducing -dead

metabolically active

Which of the following components is external to the plasma membrane? -chloroplasts -extracellular matrix -cytoskeleton -cilia

extracellular matrix

Which of the following structures is directly involved in the passage of electrical signals between cells as, for example, in the vertebrate heart? -anchoring junctions -gap junctions -chemical synapses -tight junctions

gap junctions

A disease called primary ciliary dyskenisia is characterized by abnormal ciliary movements. In these cilia, microtubule functioning is disrupted due to microtubules missing an essential component. This disease could be caused by __________. -lack of integrins -too many integrin proteins -lack of dynein proteins -lack of actin proteins

lack of dynein proteins

Which of the following is NOT a part of the endomembrane system? View Available Hint(s) -endoplasmic reticulum -vesicles -Golgi apparatus -mitochondria

mitochondria

Which cell structure is responsible for metabolism? -nucleus -Golgi apparatus -mitochondrion -smooth endoplasmic reticulum

mitochondrion

Structures found within a eukaryotic cell and performing specific tasks are collectively termed __________. -organelles -prokaryotes -the Golgi apparatus -endoplasmic reticulum

organelles

Which plant structure is most like gap junctions in animal cells? -primary cell wall -plasmodesmata -vacuole -secondary cell wall

plasmodesmata

Which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic? -whether or not the cell is partitioned into compartments by internal membranes -the presence or absence of ribosomes -whether or not the cell contains DNA -the presence or absence of a rigid cell wall

whether or not the cell is partitioned into compartments by internal membranes

The protein actin is a component of a(n) __________. -intermediate filament -microtubule -tubulin -microfilament

microfilament