Mastering Biology Chapter 4
_____ are found only in plant cells, but _____ are found in both plant and animal cells.
Central vacuoles; ribosomes
What's the movement of proteins through the endomembrane system?
Rough ER (manufacturing) to Vesicle from ER (transport) to Golgi Apparatus (Processing) to Vesicle from Golgi (transport) to Plasma Membrane (secretion)
Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole?
Storing compounds produced by the cell
What do the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes have in common?
They are constructed of interrelated membranes.
Lysosomes are found in
animal cells
Many researchers think that the first eukaryotic cells obtained energy for life-sustaining functions from organic compounds. Given this information, which of the following organelles most likely appeared last in eukaryotic cells?
chloroplast
What mitochondrial feature enhances cellular respiration?
cristae
What makes up the majority of a cell's interior
cytoplasm
The structural framework in a cell is the
cytoskeleton.
Where would ribosomes be located that are responsible for producing enzymes which play a role in sugar metabolism?
cytosol
Where are chlorophyll molecules located within the chloroplasts?
embedded in the thylakoid membrane
The nucleolus __________.
is rich in ribosomal RNA
The cells of a person with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) swell with a buildup of fatty acids. In other words, fatty acids are not being broken down. Which organelle is most likely failing to function correctly?
lysosome
Which of the following organelles breaks down worn-out organelles?
lysosomes
Where in a cell is ATP made?
mitochondria
Where is the genetic information of the cell stored?
nucleus
Cell walls are found in
plant cells
Chloroplast is found in
plant cells
Which organelle puts amino acids together to form proteins?
ribosome
One of the ways smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is that rough ER is covered by
ribosomes.
Pancreatic cells produce large amounts of protein. About how many ribosomes would you expect there to be in a pancreatic cell?
several million
Where are lipids made in the cell?
smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Which of the following is part of the endomembrane system?
Golgi apparatus
Which plant cell organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell?
Mitochondrion.
Describe the function of the chloroplast?
The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy.
One function of the central vacuole in plant cells is facilitating cell growth: the central vacuole absorbs water and increases in size, expanding the volume and size of the plant cell while doing so. Animal cells, however, do not grow by this method. What is an essential difference between animal and plant cells that could explain how a plant cell can withstand this expansion of the central vacuole?
The plant cell wall provides a more rigid structure.
The plant cell wall...
is a protective structure made of cellulose fibrils.
A disease called primary ciliary dyskenisia is characterized by abnormal ciliary movements. In these cilia, microtubule functioning is disrupted due to microtubules missing an essential component. This disease could be caused by __________.
lack of dynein proteins
What carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm?
mRNA
Digestive cells produce and secrete many enzymes that break down ingested food. These cells have a large number of ribosomes __________.
on the rough endoplasmic reticulum
You have identified a new organism. It has ribosomes, plasmodesmata, and cell walls made of cellulose. This new organism is most likely a(n) __________.
plant
Nucleus is found in
plant and animal cells
Rough ER is found in
plant and animal cells
What structure acts as a selective barrier, regulating the traffic of materials into and out of the cell?
plasma membrane
If you wished to clearly observe the organelles inside of a white blood cell, which type of microscope would you choose?
transmission electron microscope
Which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
whether or not the cell is partitioned into compartments by internal membranes
