Mastering Biology: Chapter 6
B
A cell has formed a food vacuole as it ingested a food particle. Which of the following events is associated with the breakdown of that food particle? A) the membrane of the food vacuole is derived from the cell wall B) digestion of the food particle occurs in a vesicle enclosed by a membrane that separates the digestion from the cytoplasm C) enzymes for the breakdown of the food are delivered to the food vacuole from the cytosol D) proteins for digestion of the food are made by ribosomes in the Golgi apparatus E) proteins for digestion of the food particle were initially processed in mitochondria
C
A cell with a predominance of rough endoplasmic reticulum is most likely involved in which of the following processes? A) producing large quantities of carbohydrates for storage in the vacuole B) producing large quantities of carbohydrates to assemble an extensive cell wall matrix C) producing large quantities of proteins for secretion D) producing large quantities of proteins in the cytosol
B
A cell with a predominance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is most likely specialized to carry out which of the following processes? A) active secretion of large quantities of protein B) synthesis of large quantities of lipids C) storage of large quantities of water D) import and export large quantities of protein
A
A characteristic 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules, consisting of nine doublet microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules describes the ultrastructure of which of the following cellular structures? A) eukaryotic flagella and motile B) ciliacentrioles and basal bodies C) eukaryotic flagella, motile cilia, and nonmotile cilia D) bacterial flagella
A
A young child who suffers from a metabolic disease is always tired and fatigued. Which of the following organelles is most likely malfunctioning in this disease? A) mitochondria B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum C) lysosomes D) Golgi apparatus
:)
Cilia and flagella of the "9+2" variety are seen primarily only in motile eukaryotes A very specialized adaptation seen in the fat-storing tissues of plant seeds is the glyoxysome, which contains enzymes that break down fatty acids, providing an energy source
D
Cytochalasin D is a drug that prevents actin polymerization. Which of the following processes will be unaffected in cells treated with cytochalasin D? A) cytoplasmic streaming B) contraction of muscle fibers C) extension of pseudopodia D) movement of transport vesicles in the cytosol
D
Disruption of nuclear pore complexes in a eukaryotic cell will most likely interfere with the transport of which of the following molecules into the nucleus? A) phospholipids B) rRNAs C) mRNAs D) ribosomal proteins
B
Disruption of nuclear pore complexes in a eukaryotic cell will most likely interfere with the transport of which of the following molecules out of the nucleus? A) DNA B) mRNA C) phospholipids D) amino acids
D
Disruption of the function of which of the following organelles would result in a dramatic decrease in ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells? A) Golgi apparatus B) peroxisome C) lysosome D) mitochondrion
C
Examination of a cell by transmission electron microscopy reveals a high density of ribosomes in the cytoplasm. This observation suggests that the cell is actively producing large amounts of which of the following molecules? A) lipids B) polysaccharides C) proteins D) nucleic acids
B
Mitochondria are found in __________. A) plant cells only B) plant and animal cells C) animal cells and prokaryotic cells, but not plant cells D) all cells E) animal cells only
B
Motor proteins provide for molecular motion in cells by interacting with which of the following cellular structures? A) free ribosomes and ribosomes attached to the ER B) components of the cytoskeleton C) membrane proteins of the inner nuclear envelope D) cellulose fibers in the cell wall
C
Movement of amoebae across a surface requires which of the following activities by components of the cytoskeleton? A) assembly of microtubule extensions that vesicles can follow in the direction of movement B) localized contractions driven by myosin and microtubules C) assembly of actin filaments to form bulges in the plasma membrane D)reinforcement of the pseudopod with intermediate filaments
B
Which statement about extracellular structures (plant cell walls and the extracellular matrix of animal cells) is correct? A) Extracellular structures store energy in the form of polysaccharides for subsequent metabolism by the cell. B) Information can be transmitted from these extracellular structures to the cytoplasm. C) All extracellular structures form barriers to separate adjacent cells. D) Proteins and lipids are common components of extracellular structures. E) Extracellular structures regulate the passage of water molecules across the cell membrane.
B
Which statement correctly describes the nuclear envelope of a eukaryotic cell? A) The nuclear envelope is a single membrane consisting of a phospholipid bilayer. B) The nuclear envelope is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum. C) All of the proteins of the cell are synthesized on ribosomes bound on the nuclear envelope. D) The outer layer of the nuclear envelope is lined with a lamina. E) Plasmadesmata in the nuclear envelope permit the exchange of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Submit
B
Which structure is common to plant and animal cells? A) centriole B) mitochondrion C) chloroplast D) central vacuole
E
Which one of the following statements about the endomembrane system is correct? A) Mitochondria function in the modification and sorting of lipids and proteins. B) The endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the plasma membrane. C) Ribosomes move lipids and proteins among the different organelles of the endomembrane system. D) Most of the phospholipids of the endomembrane system are synthesized in the mitochondria. E) Proteins that will be secreted from the cell are likely to be found in closed spaces bounded by membranes of the endomembrane system.
D
An early step in the evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved which of the following events? A) endosymbiosis of a photosynthetic archaeal cell in a larger bacterial host cell to escape toxic oxygen-the anaerobic archaea evolved into chloroplasts B) evolution of an endomembrane system and subsequent evolution of mitochondria from a portion of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum C) endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using bacterium in a larger bacterial host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into chloroplasts D) endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using bacterium in a larger bacterial host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria
B
Gaucher disease is the most common genetic disorder affecting lipid storage in humans. The disease is caused by deficiency of an enzyme necessary for the breakdown of lipids, which leads to the accumulation of fatty material in organs of the body including the spleen, liver, kidneys, lungs, brain, and bone marrow.Which of the following statements provides the most plausible explanation for how organelles are impacted by Gaucher disease. A) The mitochondria are most likely defective and do not produce adequate amounts of ATP needed for lipid metabolism. B) The lysosomes most likely lack sufficient amounts of the enzymes necessary for lipid breakdown. C) The Golgi apparatus most likely produces vesicles with defective membranes, which fail to be transported to the plasma membrane for secretion. D) The rough endoplasmic reticulum most likely contains excess ribosomes, which results in overproduction of the enzyme involved in lipid breakdown.
C
Researchers investigating the mechanism of vesicle transport assembled a cell-free system that included microtubules, vesicles, and ATP. However, they observed no movement of transport of vesicles because the mixture was missing which of the following components? A) mitochondria B) contractile microfilaments C) motor proteins D) Golgi apparatus
B
The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is abundant in liver cells and primarily responsible for detoxification processes? A) nuclear envelope B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum C) Golgi apparatus D) rough endoplasmic reticulum
A B
What cell structures best reveal evolutionary unity? A) biological membranes B) ribosomes C) centrosomes D) cilia and flagella of the "9 + 2" arrangement E) chloroplasts
A
Which of the following areas in bacterial cells best describes where chromosomal DNA is generally localized? A) in the nucleoid B) in a membrane-enclosed nucleus C) in mitochondria D) associated with ribosomes
A
Which of the following choices correctly matches a tool and its proper application? A) cell fractionation to study the function of specific organelles B)transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to study the movement of organelles within a living cell C) light microscopy to study the internal structure of cilia D) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to study the surfaces of preserved cells E) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study the detailed movements of living cells
E
Which of the following functions is NOT associated with the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells? A) maintaining the position of the nucleus in the cell B) the contraction of muscle cells in animals C) determining the shape of animal cells D) the beating of cilia or flagella E) Movement of RNA molecules from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
A
Which of the following is a common trait of chloroplasts and mitochondria? A) both contain their own DNA B) both reproduce by meiosis C) both are surrounded by a single membrane D) both are found in plant and animal cells E) proteins for both are synthesized on ribosomes in the rough ER Submit
B
Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell? A) nuclear envelope B) ribosome C) mitochondrion D) chloroplast
D
Which of the following is the most appropriate technique for observing and measuring the size of ribosomes in a eukaryotic cell? A) a using a magnifying glass B) standard light microscopy C) scanning electron microscopy D) transmission electron microscopy
B
Which of the following is the smallest biological structure that would most likely be visible with a standard research-grade light microscope? A) ribosome B) chloroplast C) microfilament D) human cheek cell
B
Which of the following microscopy techniques is best suited for visualizing protein complexes in their cellular environments without the use of preservatives? A) transmission electron microscopy B) cryo-electron microscopy C) scanning electron microscopy D) standard light microscopy
A
Which of the following organelles often occupy the majority of the volume of a plant cell? A) central vacuole B) chloroplast C) Golgi apparatus D) lysosome
B
Which of the following pairs of organism groups consist solely of prokaryotic cells? A) Bacteria and protists B) Bacteria and Archaea C) Bacteria and Eukarya D) Archaea and fungi
C
Which of the following statements best describes one major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? A) Prokaryotic cells are generally larger than eukaryotic cells. B) Prokaryotic cells have cell walls, while eukaryotic cells do not. C) Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not. D) Eukaryotic cells have flagella, while prokaryotic cells do not.
D
Which of the following statements best describes some aspect of cytoskeleton structure or function in eukaryotic cells? A) The cytoskeleton is a static structure most resembling scaffolding used at construction sites. B) Although microtubules are common within a cell, actin filaments are rarely found outside of the nucleus. C) Chemicals that block the assembly of the cytoskeleton would have little effect on a cell's response to external stimuli. D) Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to move relative to each other.
D
Which of the following structures are found in plant, animal, and bacterial cells? A) mitochondria B) chloroplasts C) lysosomes D) ribosomes
D
Which of the following structures is independent of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells? A) Golgi apparatus B) plasma membrane C) nuclear envelope D) chloroplast