Mastering Ch. 17 and 18

Hormones known as "catecholamines" are lipids. peptides. derivatives of reproductive glands. derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine. steroids.

derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine

The hypothalamus acts as both a neural and a(n) ________ organ. renal hepatic muscular cardiovascular endocrine

endocrine

Which of the following hormones increases production of red blood cells? thymosin cortisol aldosterone erythropoietin atrial natriuretic peptide

erythropietin

The transparent portion of the fibrous layer is the cornea. pupil. angle. conjunctiva. iris.

cornea

The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is glucagon. parathyroid hormone. insulin. thyroid hormone. growth hormone.

PTH

The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is FSH. TSH. LH. ACTH. GH.

TSH

The two lobes of the pituitary gland together produce or store how many hormones? 7 16 9 5 3

9

pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex is LH. ACTH. TSH. GH. FSH

ACTH

A rise in cortisol would cause an increase in each of the following except the rate of glycogen formation by the liver. the rate of glucose synthesis by the liver. ACTH levels. fatty acid metabolism by muscle cells. the level of fatty acids in the blood.

ACTH levels

The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is FSH. TSH. LH. ACTH. GH.

FSH

The link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually calcium ion levels. adenyl cyclase. a G protein. cGMP. cAMP.

a G protein

Hormones can be divided into different groups based on their chemistry. These categories include all of the following except peptides. amino acid derivatives. acetylcholine derivatives. eicosanoids. steroids.

acetylcholine derivatives

Hyposecretion of cortisol causes diabetes mellitus. Cushing's disease. goiter. diabetes insipidus. Addison's disease.

addisons disease

A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion content of the body is thymosin. aldosterone. somatotropin. parathormone. cortisol.

aldosterone

The zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex produces epinephrine. norepinephrine. mineralocorticoids. androgens. glucocorticoids.

androgens

Two hormones that have opposing effects are called resistors. antagonists. agonists. adjuvants. synergists.

antagonists

An irregularity in curvature in the cornea or lens, called ________, causes a reduction in visual acuity. macular degeneration glaucoma corneal atrophy a cataract astigmatism

astigmatism

Before an olfactory receptor can detect an odorant, it has to contact a basal cell. be transported to the olfactory bulbs. open ion channels. respond to applied pressure. bind to receptors on olfactory dendrites.

bind to receptors on olfactory dendrites

Parathyroid hormone does all of the following except enhance the reabsorption of calcium at the kidneys. inhibit osteoblast activity. build up bone. stimulate osteoclast activity. stimulate the formation and secretion of calcitriol at the kidneys.

build up bone

A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is glucagon. oxytocin. parathyroid hormone. calcitonin. thyroxine.

calcitonin

The C cells of the thyroid gland produce thyroxine. TSH. PTH. triiodothyronine. calcitonin.

calcitonin

The human lens focuses light on the photoreceptor cells by dilating and constricting. opening and closing. changing shape. moving up and down. moving in and out.

changing shape

What structure changes the shape of the lens for far and near vision? macula iris extrinsic eye muscles ciliary body aqueous humor

ciliary body

Olfactory glands react to aromatic molecules. coat the olfactory epithelium with a pigmented mucus. regenerate to form new olfactory epithelium. group as olfactory bulbs. house the sense of smell

coat the olfactory epithelium with a pigmented mucus

Photoreceptors that convey our ability to see color are rods. amacrine cells. bipolar cells. cones. horizontal cells.

cones

The ________ covers most of the exposed surface of the eye. conjunctiva cornea iris anterior chamber caruncle

conjunctiva

________, or pinkeye, results from damage to or irritation of the conjunctival surface. Uveitis Fuch's dystrophy Myopia Glaucoma Conjunctivitis

conjunctivitis

All of the following are true of the neural layer of the eye except that it contains the photoreceptor cells. contains ganglion cells. is the innermost layer of the eyeball. consists of dense fibrous connective tissue. contains bipolar cells.

consists of dense fibrous connective tissue

Excess secretion of growth hormone during early development will cause gigantism. diabetes insipidus. acromegaly. rickets. dwarfism.

gigantism

Alpha cells are to ________ as beta cells are to ________. glucagon; somatostatin insulin; glucagon pancreatic polypeptide; insulin somatostatin; insulin glucagon; insulin

glucagon;insulin

The zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex produces mineralocorticoids. androgens. norepinephrine. epinephrine. glucocorticoids.

glucocorticoids

Which group of hormones cause an anti-inflammatory action? glucocorticoids mineralocorticoids antidiuretic hormones pancreatic hormones thyroglobulins

glucocorticoids

The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is prolactin. growth hormone. MSH. ACTH. insulin.

growth hormone

The sense of taste is also known as olfaction. gustation. sublation. proprioception. maculation.

gustation

________ are chemical messengers that are released by cells and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues. Neurotransmitters Neuropeptides Humoral antibodies Hormones Antigens

hormones

A person suffering from ________ can see distant objects more clearly than those that are close. myopia hyperopia emmetropia presbyopia diplopia

hyperopia

Destruction to your left glossopharyngeal nerve would result in inability to sense sweetness at the tip of your tongue. inability to identify sour and bitter foods at the posterior one-third of the tongue. inability to see. inability to smell. inability to hear.

inability to identify sour and bitter foods at the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is somatotropin. glucagon. cortisol. insulin. aldosterone.

insulin

Adipocytes produce a peptide hormone called ________ that acts on the hypothalamus. lipase adipocin grehlin glucagon leptin

leptin

During the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), proteins are conserved. blood glucose levels fall drastically. levels of insulin decrease. levels of growth hormone decrease. lipid reserves are mobilized.

lipid reserves are mobilized

Hormones from the adrenal cortex that regulate electrolyte balance are glucocorticoids. antidiuretics. androgens. calcitonin and parathyroid hormone. mineralocorticoids.

mineralocorticoids

The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex produces androgens. epinephrine. norepinephrine. glucocorticoids. mineralocorticoids.

mineralocorticoids

During the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), there is decreased blood flow to skeletal muscles and skin. decreased mental alertness. mobilization of energy reserves. increased urine release. decreased rate of respiration.

mobilization of energy reserves

A person suffering from ________ can see objects that are close, but distant objects appear blurred. myopia hyperopia emmetropia presbyopia diplopia

myopia

Activity of which of the following cells is inhibited by calcitonin release? alpha cells osteoclasts all cells in the body osteoblasts C cells

osteoclasts

Which of the following is not one of the six primary taste sensations? salty sweet umami sour peppery

peppery

All of the following are true of the fibrous layer of the eye except that it produces aqueous humor. contributes substantial focusing power. consists of the sclera and cornea. is where extrinsic eye muscles insert. provides mechanical support and some protection for the eye.

produces aqueous humor

There are three different types of cones, each one sensitive to different light energies. These cones are designated red, white, blue. red, green, blue. red, green, yellow. red, yellow, blue. yellow, red, blue.

red, green, blue

Visual pigments are derivatives of the compound rhodopsin. opsin. retinal. transducin. cGMP.

rhodopsin

Photoreceptor cells that are most useful in dim light are horizontal cells. amacrine cells. rods. bipolar cells. cones.

rods

The hypothalamus controls secretion in the adenohypophysis by secreting releasing and inhibiting hormones into the hypophysealportal system. direct neural stimulation. altering ion concentrations and pH in the anterior pituitary. indirect osmotic control. gap synaptic junctions.

secreting releasing and inhibiting hormones into the hypophysealportal system

Two hormones that have additive effects are called resistors. synergists. agonists. antagonists. adjuvants

synergists

TSH plays a key role in the ________ of thyroid hormones. synthesis inhibition and secretion release inhibition synthesis and release

synthesis and release

Which of the following produces a lipid-rich secretion that prevents the upper and lower eyelids from sticking together at their edges? palpebra lacrimal caruncle tarsal gland conjunctiva chalazion

tarsal gland

Each of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative except testosterone. melatonin. norepinephrine. epinephrine. thyroid hormone

testosterone

Low frequency sounds stimulate hair cells on which part of the basilar membrane? the entire membrane area close to the oval window the distal end area close to the round window the middle region

the distal end

The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is calcitonin. somatotropin. thyroxine. glucagon. parathyroid hormone

thyroxine

Sound waves are converted into mechanical movements by the cochlea. tympanic membrane. round window. auditory ossicles. oval window.

tympanic membrane

Thyroid hormones are structural derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine. epinephrine. iodine. glycine. glutamic acid.

tyrosine

Standing still in an elevator that suddenly lowers will stimulate receptors in the basilar membrane. semicircular canals. spiral organ. bony labyrinth. utricle and saccule.

utricle and saccule

The ________ convey(s) information about head position with respect to gravity. saccule cochlea ampulla utricle utricle and the saccule

utricle and saccule

A patient who experienced head trauma has lost the ability to taste spicy food. You should expect damage to cranial nerve III. XII. IX. V. VII.

v

Which of the following lingual papillae has the largest number of taste buds? pharynx fungiform papillae foliate papillae filiform papillae vallate papillae

vallate papillae

The gelatinous material that gives the eyeball its basic shape is the ora serrata. posterior cavity. perilymph. vitreous humor. aqueous humor.

vitreous humor