Mastering Ch.8

The Focus Figure of Synovial Joints has examined a number of types of movement and the joints in which they are located. Review the types you have studied, and select a true statement or characteristic of uniaxial movement in a representative joint. A. A person curls his or her fingers and the phalanges flex at the interphalangeal joints. B. The dancer's leg is lifted to a ballet bar. C. A person bends over and his or her vertebral processes move past one another. D. A golfer swings at the ball on the tee.

A. A person curls his or her fingers and the phalanges flex at the interphalangeal joints.

Which of the following is one difference between bursae and tendon sheaths? A. Bursae are flattened fibrous sacs wedged between adjacent structures, while tendon sheaths are elongated fibrous sacs that wrap around tendons. B. Bursae serve as cushioning fat pads between adjacent structures, while tendon sheaths reduce friction between adjacent structures. C. Bursae contain a thin film of synovial fluid, while tendon sheaths lack synovial fluid altogether. D. Bursae are only found in synovial joints, while tendon sheaths are only found in fibrous joints.

A. Bursae are flattened fibrous sacs wedged between adjacent structures, while tendon sheaths are elongated fibrous sacs that wrap around tendons.

Which of the following does not represent a structural classification of joints? A. Diarthroses B. Fibrous C. Synovial D. Cartilaginous

A. Diarthroses

Which inflammatory disease of joints is caused by the bites of ticks that live on mice and deer? A. Lyme disease B. tendonitis C. arthritis D. bursitis

A. Lyme disease

Using a structural classification, what type of joint is the epiphyseal plate? A. cartilaginous joint B. fibrous joint C. synarthrotic joint D. synovial joint

A. cartilaginous joint

Which movement increases the angle between bones? A. extension B. flexion C. circumduction D. adduction

A. extension

Synovial fluid does NOT ________. A. prevent the articulating bones from dislocating B. contain phagocytic cells C. nourish the cartilage cells in the joint D. reduce friction between the articular cartilages

A. prevent the articulating bones from dislocating

Synovial joints are classified into six main categories based on ________. A. the shape of their articular surfaces B. their size C. their location D. the amount of synovial fluid found in the joint cavity

A. the shape of their articular surfaces

Which type of joint allows opposition? A. hinge joint B. saddle joint C. condyloid joint D. pivot joint

B. saddle joint

Which of the following is not a factor that stabilizes joints? A. Shapes of the articulating surfaces B. Amount of synovial fluid C. Muscle tone D. Number and positioning of ligaments

B. Amount of synovial fluid

Most joints of the body are classified as_______ joints. A. fibrous B. synovial C. immovable D. cartilaginous

B. synovial

The origin of a muscle is attached to the movable bone. A. True B. False

B. False

Which of the following represents a correct statement about multiaxial joints? A. The shapes of articulating surfaces in the multiaxial joint are a cylindrical bone in a trough. B. Movement in more than two axes is permitted in a multiaxial joint. C. The rounded end of the proximal metacarpal fitting into the distal surface of the carpal bone of the wrist is a classic ball-and-socket joint. D. The ball-and-socket joint permits only one angular motion.

B. Movement in more than two axes is permitted in a multiaxial joint.

Which of the following is correctly matched? A. Tendonitis: inflammation of the joint B. Osteoarthritis: degenerative joint disease C. Gout: inflammation of the tendons D. Bursitis: uric acid crystals in the joint

B. Osteoarthritis: degenerative joint disease

Which ligament would one tap to generate the knee-jerk reflex? A. Tibial collateral ligament B. Patellar ligament C. Oblique popliteal ligament D. Anterior cruciate ligament

B. Patellar ligament

Extension is an example of a(n) ________ movement. A. nonaxial B. angular C. rotational D. gliding

B. angular

Functional classification of joints is based on: A. the location of the joint. B. the amount of movement allowed by the joint. C. whether a joint cavity is present. D. the size of the joint.

B. the amount of movement allowed by the joint.

Synovial joints are classified into six main categories based on: A. the amount of synovial fluid found in the joint cavity. B. the movements they allow. C. their size. D. their location.

B. the movements they allow.

Which of the following is correctly paired? A. Uniaxial movement: slipping movements only B. Biaxial movement: movement in one plane C. Multiaxial movement: movement in or around three planes D. Nonaxial movement: no movement

C. Multiaxial movement: movement in or around three planes

When a person makes a pinching motion with their thumb and forefinger they are exhibiting a(n) ________ movement. A. protraction B. dorsifexion C. oppositional D. retraction E. elevation

C. oppositional

Which joint has sacrificed stability to provide freedom of movement? A. elbow B. knee C. shoulder D. ankle

C. shoulder

Which one is correctly paired? A. Syndesmoses: bony edges interlock B. Suture: bones connected exclusively by ligaments C. Synchondroses: a plate of hyaline cartilage unites the bones D. Gomphoses: articulating bones are separated by a fluid containing cavity

C. Synchondroses: a plate of hyaline cartilage unites the bones

Synovial fluid does not: A. lubricate free surfaces of the joint. B. nourish cartilage cells in the joint. C. strengthen synovial joints. D. reduce friction between the cartilages of a joint.

C. strengthen synovial joints.

The shoulder and hip are examples of: A. condyloid joints. B. pivot joints. C. ball-and-socket joints. D. hinge joints. E. plane joints.

C. ball-and-socket joints.

Which of the following is NOT a structural feature of synovial joints? A. bone ends covered with hyaline cartilage B. a fluid-filled joint cavity C. bone ends united by fibrocartilage D. reinforcing ligaments

C. bone ends united by fibrocartilage

If a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is not properly repaired, the consequences could include the inability to prevent ________. A. medial rotation of an extended knee B. lateral rotation of an extended knee C. forward sliding of the tibia on the femur D. forward sliding of the femur

C. forward sliding of the tibia on the femur

Which type of movement occurs at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints? A. opposition B. uniaxial movement C. gliding movement D. rotation

C. gliding movement

Which joint in the body is most susceptible to sports injuries? A. shoulder B. wrist C. knee D. elbow

C. knee

In a sprain, the ______ of a joint are stretched or torn. A. tendons B. bones C. ligaments D. muscles

C. ligaments

Which of the following is CORRECTLY paired? A. uniaxial joint: permits only slipping or gliding movements B. biaxial joint: permits movement in one plane and around one axis C. nonaxial movement: no movement D. multiaxial movement: movement in all three planes and around all three axes

D. multiaxial movement: movement in all three planes and around all three axes

What is the most important stabilizing factor for most synovial joints? A. synovial fluid B. the size of the reinforcing ligaments C. the shape of the articular surfaces D. muscle tone

D. muscle tone

One difference between bursae and tendon sheaths is that: A. bursae are a part of synovial joints, but tendon sheaths are not. B. bursae reduce friction between adjacent structures, but tendon sheaths do not. C. bursae contain a thin film of synovial fluid, but tendon sheaths lack synovial fluid. D. bursae are flattened fibrous sacs, while tendon sheaths are elongated fibrous sacs.

D. bursae are flattened fibrous sacs, while tendon sheaths are elongated fibrous sacs.

Which of the following is the defining structure of a synovial joint? A. articular cartilage B. ligaments C. bursae D. joint cavity

D. joint cavity

The synovial membrane ________. A. reinforces the joints so that the opposing bones are not pulled apart B. covers and protects the articulating bone surfaces C. functions as a cushion between opposing bones D. lines the inside of the fibrous joint capsule

D. lines the inside of the fibrous joint capsule

Which of the following is CORRECTLY matched? A. gout: inflammation of the tendons B. bursitis: urate crystals in the joint C. tendonitis: inflammation of the joint D. osteoarthritis: chronic degenerative joint disease

D. osteoarthritis: chronic degenerative joint disease

Which of the following refers to a joint that is immovable? A. synovial B. diarthrosis C. amphiarthrosis D. synarthrosis

D. synarthrosis

Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to joint stability? A. shape of the articulating surfaces B. amount of muscle tone applied to tendons that cross the joint C. number and positioning of reinforcing ligaments D. amount of synovial fluid in the joint cavity

D. amount of synovial fluid in the joint cavity