Mastering Questions Ch. 24/25

The end products of aerobic respiration are

CO2, water, and ATP

Inadequate exposure to sunlight could result in decreased amounts of vitamin ________ in the body.

D

The vitamin that is required for proper bone growth and for calcium absorption and retention is vitamin

D

The vitamin that is essential for the production of several clotting factors is vitamin

K

The major cation in cytoplasm is

Potassium

The functions of the oral cavity include all of the following except

absorption of monosaccharides

In response to a steak dinner, certain secretions are needed to aid digestion. What cells in the pancreas would provide these secretions?

acinar cells

Each of the following is a function of the liver except

antibody production

the secretion in the large intestine consists of which of the following?

bicarbonate and potassium rich mucus

The fusion of the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct forms the

bile duct

phases of the swallowing process before the bolus enters the stomach

buccal, pharyngeal, esophageal

HCl secretions convert pepsinogen to the active hormone pepsin. What cells in the gastric pits produce pepsinogen?

chief

The energy produced from aerobic metabolism comes from what two sources?

citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain

The bulk of each tooth consists of a mineralized matrix similar to that of bone called

dentin

Within the oral cavity, both mechanical and chemical ________ begin.

digestion

Most of the ATP from metabolism is produced in the

electron transport system

Which is not a reason the stomach is acidic?

emulsification of lipids

Hormones are released from the mucosa layer by these cells?

enteroendocrine cells

The gastric phase of gastric secretion is triggered by the

entry of food to the stomach

The nasogastric tube will be inserted through the nose, travel through the pharynx and will ultimately end in the stomach. After passing through the pharynx, what long muscular passageway will the NG tube pass through to get to the stomach?

esophagus

Blockage of the common hepatic duct would interfere with digestion of

fats

The nutrients that yield the most energy per gram when metabolized are

fats

Salivation is controlled almost entirely by the nervous system. Which of the following stimuli would inhibit salivation?

fear

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?

filtration

bile is stored in the

gallbladder

G cells of the stomach secrete

gastrin

The sum of all of the biochemical processes going on within the human body at any given time is called

metabolism

Brush border enzymes are found in the

microvilli

The gastroileal reflex

moves some chyme to the colon.

Functions of the tongue include all of the following except

partitioning the oropharynx from the nasopharynx

Chief cells secrete

pepsinogen

Each tooth is held in the alveolar socket by the

periodontal ligament

Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called

peristalsis

Which muscle(s) are responsible for pushing the bolus towards the esophagus?

pharyngeal constrictors

All of the following are true of the intestinal phase of gastric digestion except that it

proceeds to gastric phase

The region of the stomach that empties into the duodenum is the

pyloric part

What is the name of the structure that connects the stomach to the duodenum of the small intestine?

pyloric sphincter

The majority of nutrient absorption occurs in the

small intestine

Part complete

sodium

Order food passes through the digestive system

stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum

In a warm environment, does more blood return to the trunk through deep or superficial veins? Why?

superficial veins; allows heat to radiate

The vitamin that plays a role in maintaining epithelia and is required for the synthesis of visual pigments is vitamin

A

Scurvy is a result of deficiency in vitamin

C

The stomach is different from other digestive organs in that it

has three layers of muscle in the muscularis externa

The essential functions of the liver include all of the following except

hormonal regulation

Parietal cells secrete

hydrochloric acid

Circular folds and intestinal villi

increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine.

The basic functional units of the liver are the

lobules

Powerful peristaltic contractions that occur a few times each day in the colon are called

mass movements

Increased secretion by all the salivary glands results from

parasympathetic stimulation

Which of the following describes the local response in the stomach during the gastric phase of gastric regulation?

released histamines stimulate parietal cells to secrete acid

An increase in HCl (hydrochloric acid) arriving in the duodenum would stimulate which hormone that would help to counteract the effects of HCl?

secretion

The term ________ refers to the homeostatic process that allows us to maintain a constant body temperature.

thermoregulation

The dangling process that aids in keeping food out of the nasopharynx is known as the

uvula