MasteringAandP Chapter 1

Which branch of anatomy studies the structural changes that occur as one ages?

Developmental Anatomy

Which of the following is true regarding the anatomical position? The palms face posteriorly with the thumbs pointed toward the body. It is a visual reference point only used in the various imaging techniques. The feet are placed at exactly 45 degrees outward. The person is seated with head facing forward. Directional terminology refers to the body in this position.

Directional terminology refers to the body in this position

The knowledge of this branch of anatomy helps one understand he complex design of the adult human body and helps to explain birth defects.

Embryology

Hormones are proteins that are secreted by the __________ system.

Endocrine

Which organ system includes the pancreas, thymus, testes, and pituitary gland?

Endocrine

The branch of anatomy that explores how organs and body structures work and assesses the efficiency of their design

Functional Morphology

The study of body structures that can be examined with the naked eye, bones, lungs, and muscles for example.

Gross Anatomy

This is the study of microscopic structures including cells, tissues, and microscopic details of organs

Histology

What is the visceral serosa?

It clings to the surface of organs. It is deep to the parietal serosa. It is continuous with the membrane that covers the outer body wall.

Which of the following statements are accurate concerning light microscopy? It uses acidic and basic dyes to stain structures. It provides three-dimensional pictures of whole, unsectioned surfaces. It is limited because it cannot produce sharp images of structures within cells. It uses a beam of electrons to view cellular structures. Tissues are stained with heavy metal salts.

It is limited because it cannot produce sharp images of structures within cells.

Which organ system consists of vessels that do not carry blood, but pick up fluids (and some cells) that are leaked from the blood?

Lymphatic

Deals with structural changes caused by disease

Pathological Anatomy

As a surgeon you have sent tissue to the lab for evaluation of the presence of cancer. You would send it to a____________.

Pathology Lab

This branch of anatomy studies the internal body structures by means of MRI, sonography, and other imaging techniques.

Radoigraphic Anatomy

What is the major difference in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) when compared to light microscopy (LM) or transmission electron microscopy (TEM)? SEM uses a beam of light to view specimens. SEM is not good at viewing higher magnifications. The original image is in black and white. SEM uses whole, unsectioned surfaces that are covered in carbon and gold dust.

SEM uses whole, unsectioned surfaces that are covered in carbon and gold dust.

Which of the following is FALSE concerning serosae? Visceral serosa covers organs directly. Peritoneum is the serosa covering abdominal organs. Pleurae are the serosa covering the lungs. Serosae are dry membranes, because they do not open to body surfaces.

Serosae are dry membranes, because they do not open to body surfaces.

The study of shapes and landmarks that reveal underlying organs

Surface Anatomy

As a physician, you are evaluating a blood vessel abnormality in a 35-year-old male's brain. The technique which would be least useful would be________. an MRI with contrast a CT scan with contrast a PET scan digital subtraction angiography

a PET scan

When a hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain is used to prepare tissue for light microscopy, which tissue component is stained by the basic, dark stain hematoxylin? cilia acidic cellular material (nuclei, ribosomes, rough ER) extracellular material cellular cytoplasm

acidic cellular material (nuclei, ribosomes, rough ER)

The dorsal body cavity is subdivided into a __________ cavity and a __________ cavity.

cranial; vertebral

What is the advantage of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) over positron emission tomography (PET)?

fMRI pinpoints smaller brain areas, does not use radioactive tracers, and works faster.

Angiography imaging is used primarily in the study of blood supply to the ___________ and ___________.

heart wall; brain

The levels of structural organization in order of decreasing complexity are __________.

organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cellular, chemical

Identify the membranes that line the cavity surrounding the lungs.

parietal and visceral pleura

The word __________ always refers to the part of the serosa that lines a body cavity and the __________ serosa lines each organ.

parietal; visceral

Serous cavities include the

pleural (pleura), pericardial (pericardium), and peritoneal (peritoneum) cavities around the viscera in the abdominopelvic cavity

All vertebrates have specific identifying characteristics during some point of development. A listing of these characteristics is __________.

tube-in-a-tube, bilateral symmetry, pharyngeal pouches, dorsal hollow nerve cord, and segmentation

Which system of the body eliminates nitrogenous wastes and regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of the blood?

urinary