Mastery Session 9

3 true statements about autonomy:

1. Children are closer to their parents than adolescents. 2. In general, adolescents get along very well with their parents. 3. Adolescents are less emotionally dependent on their parents than they were as children.

What are three statements concerning volunteerism

1. Engaging in community service leads to short-term gains in social responsibility 2. Engaging in community service leads to increased commitment to l=tolerance, equal opportunity, and cultural diversity. 3. Engaging in community service increases the importance individuals place on helping others.

Three statements about autonomy in adolescence

1. The growth of autonomy during adolescence is gradual and progressive 2. the development of adolescent autonomy is often misunderstood 3. the growth of autonomy during adolescence is relatively un-dramatic

What are three characteristics of an adolescents growing emotional autonomy?

1. When something goes wrong, adolescents become less likely to assume that their parents will "make everything better" and become more likely to rely on themselves to straighten things out. 2.Adolescents become more likely to appreciate that their parents may act differently with their own friends than they do with their children. 3. Adolescents become less likely to hold onto idealized pictures of their parents.

Adolescents who have less positive relationships with their parents are more likely to do all of the following:

1. be highly peer-oriented 2. hang out with negative peers 3. spend time with friends in unsupervised settings

According to one study of 10- to 15-year olds, what three aspects of emotional autonomy increase over the period of adolescence?

1. de-idealization of parents 2. nondependence 3. individuation

Between early and late adolescence, individuals improve in their ability to:

1. seek and evaluate the advice of others 2. imagine and analyze the consequences of their decisions. 3. make deliberate decisions that are not influenced by their emotions

With age, adolescents become more likely to consider both the risks and benefits associated with the decisions they make and more likely to weigh the long-term consequences of their choices, and not just the immediate ones. According to the textbook, these improvements seem to be due to these three things:

1. the increase in the ability to control their impulses 2. the decline in the extent to which decisions are influenced by their potential to produce an immediate reward 3. the increase in the ability to give equal weight to the potential costs and benefits of a decision.

Which of the following adolescents (all are the same age) would have a heightened susceptibility to peer pressure?

All three of these: 1. Paul, an Asian adolescent 2. Annie, an adolescent from a single-parent family 3. Steven, a male adolescent

According to the textbook, what is one false statement about moral behavior and moral reasoning

Moral behavior and moral reasoning always go hand in hand

Why is early adolescence a time during which parents' knowledge of their adolescent's behavior declines?

Parents are less likely to supervise their adolescent children and adolescents become less likely to spontaneously disclose information to their parents during this period

Which adolescent would score lowest on measures of prosocial moral reasoning?

Randy, who scores high on masculinity

When researchers use brain-imaging technology to investigate patterns of adolescent brain activation, what do they find?

Researchers find that regions of the brain that are especially sensitive to rewards are more intensely activated during early and middle adolescence than adulthood

Consistent with the immigrant paradox discussed in another chapter of the textbook, what is a true statement

Susceptibility to peer pressure is higher among relatively more acculturated Latino adolescents than their less acculturated peers.

Individuals are more likely to engage in risky behavior when they see the behavior as:

a personal choice rather than an ethical dilemma

In early and middle adolescence, adolescents become more ____ with respect to parents, and more ____ with respect to peers.

autonomous; conformist

Research on religious changes during adolescence indicates that:

children are more strict observers of religious customs

Viggo says to his friends, "You know, sometimes my Dad is wrong and I tell him so and I give him my opinion. I didn't use to do that when I was younger- I used to think that everything he said was right." Viggo is demonstrating:

de-idealization of parents

Recent research indicates that ____ has negative effects on adolescents' mental health, whereas ____ has positive effects.

detachment; individuation

Peter is noticing changes in the expression of affection and distribution of power in his relationships with his parents. He is less likely to rush to them with a problem, and is spending more time with his friends. What type of autonomy is developing with Peter?

emotional

Emotional autonomy develops best when parents encourage ____ and ____.

individuation; emotional closeness

One recent brain imaging study that was investigating individual differences in susceptibility to peer pressure found that individuals who showed a heightened sensitivity to social rejection were:

less able to resist peer influences

Many individuals have argued that older adolescents should have the right to seek health care services without parental knowledge or consent because:

the basic cognitive abilities that are most likely necessary to make these kinds of decisions are typically fully developed by the age of 16

According to Kohlberg's theory, the most important thing is:

the reasoning behind an individual's response

According to the textbook, many young people find it frustrating that:

they feel emotionally independent but have to abide by their parents' rules as long as they are being supported economically