Materials Science Chapter 1
The maximum magnification of a typical light optical microscope is:
1000 times
The oldest-known smelted iron dates to approximately what year?
2500 BCE
Which of the following is not a property of a polymer?
A high density
Which of the following is not a property of a ceramic such as alumina?
A high resistance to fracture
A design requires a material that must have a high melting temperature, high stiffness, high compressive strength, low density, and low cost. Which of the following materials is most likely to best satisfy the design requirements?
Alumina ceramic
A microscope that can view the surface of insulators with atomic resolution is:
An atomic force microscope
_____ is an alloy of copper and tin
Bronze
What is the first know human-made material?
Ceramic
_____ materials are made of at least two separate materials that maintain their identity in the combined material
Composite
_____ is when a body is changed in shape
Deformation
Wrought iron is:
Deformed into shape
The the space shuttle, the areas exposed to the highest temperature are made of:
Graphite-fiber-reinforced carbon-carbon composite
The chassis of Formula 1 race cars is now made from:
Graphite-fiber-reinforced-epoxy
A design requires a material that must operate up to a temperature of 200C. have a high resistance to deformation, a high strength, a high resistance to fracture and a low density. Highest performance is required. Which material is best?
Graphite-reinforced epoxy
A design requires a material that must operate up to a temperature of 300C, have a high resistance to deformation, a high strength, a high resistance to fracture and a low cost. Which material is best?
Low-carbon steel
Which of the following is not an appropriate use of OUHMWPE?
Milk bottles
______ are materials that are made out of polymers plus additives
Plastics
A design requires a material to operate at normal atmospheric temperatures, be subjected to small applied forces, and have a low density and low cost. Which material is most likely to satisfy the design requirements?
Polyethylene
_____ are molecules with many repeating units
Polymers
The smelting of a metal:
Separates the metal from the ore
The highest-temperature aircraft gas-turbine blades are made from:
Single crystals of nickel-based alloys
_____ are mixtures of metal elements with other elements
alloys
If the atoms are in irregular arrangements, the material is _____
amorphous
A ____ material is one that breaks without any significant permanent deformation and with little absorption of energy
brittle
A negative mechanical property of ceramics is that they are _____
brittle
Alumina (Al2O3) is a(n) _____ material
ceramic
The strength of low-carbon steel used in automobile bodies is achieved by ____ forming
cold
the materials that engineers have available for use in designs include metals, ceramics, plastics, and ____ materials
composite
A major factor limiting the use of single crystal gas turbine blades is _____
cost
In a ____ the atoms are in regular arrangements
crystal
One of the most important physical properties of polymers is their low _____
density
the most important properties of polymers are their low _____ and their high corrosion resistance
density
The ____ in a composite material is continuous
matrix
One of the most important physical properties of ceramics is their high _____ temperature
melting
The ____ is the basic building block of a polymer
mer
Iron is classified as a(n) _____
metal
The structure at dimensions of 10^-9m is called ____ structure
nano
The base metal in most jet-engine turbine blades is _____
nickel
In high-strength OUHMWPE, the LCMs are orientated _____ to the fiber axis
parallel
A material that can permanently deform extensively before breaking is _____
plastic
One of the most important mechanical properties of metals is their capacity for _____ deformation
plastic
A metal of ceramic composed of many small crystals is a(n) ______
polycrystal
The process of bonding small solid particles together at high temperature without melting them is called _____
sintering
The bodies of most automobiles are made of low-carbon ____
steel
A design project requires a TiNi wire to be shaped like the letter S at an operating temp of 100 C. The selected TiNi atom arrangement starts to distort at a temp of 90C and the distortion is finised at a temp of 60C. The wire was drawn straight a temp of 500C, and the wired supplied is straight. The wire is easily bent into the required S shape at room temp. What will be the shape of the wire at the operating temp of 100C?
straight
The function of the glass fibers in fiberglass is to increase the _____
strength
In the process of vulcanization the LCMs in latex are bonded together with ____ atoms to produce rubber
sulfur
Ceramics are often used in high _____ applications
temperature