Maternal Health Exam 1

The nurse is providing care to a postpartum patient after an emergency cesarean due to eclampsia. The patient received spinal anesthesia prior to delivery. Magnesium sulfate is infusing 2 g/hr in 100 mL of IV fluid. Which assessment finding will cause the nurse to administer calcium gluconate to the patient via IV push? 1.Serum magnesium level is 10 mg/dL. 2.Patella reflexes are rated at zero. 3.Respiratory rate is 18 breaths/min. 4.Urinary output remains at 30 mL/hr.

1.Serum magnesium level is 10 mg/dL.

The nurse is providing care in a school clinic established for the care of adolescent mothers. When assessing a patient who is 11 years of age and pregnant, which deduction regarding the patient's psychosocial development will the nurse recognize? 1.The adolescent is self-centered and oriented toward the present. 2.At this age, pregnancy is likely a result of attachment to a first love. 3.Moving into the mothering role will be nearly impossible at this age. 4.The role of the grandmother will be as the baby's primary caretaker.

1.The adolescent is self-centered and oriented toward the present.

A patient at 37 weeks gestation arrives at the labor and delivery unit and reports a rupture of her membranes. Which factor causes the nurse to anticipate the HCP will prescribe a medical method of labor induction? 1.The fetus is viable and the barrier for a sterile uterine environment is breached. 2.The fetus is at risk for "drying out" and causing the mother to have a dry birth. 3.The mother must be maintained on complete bedrest until contractions begin. 4.The mother is at risk for developing an infection and passing it to the fetus.

1.The fetus is viable and the barrier for a sterile uterine environment is breached.

A female patient with a history of infertility is scheduled to have a hysterosalpingogram. Which findings can be detected with this procedure? Select all that apply. 1.Tubal occlusions 2.Uterine fibroids 3.Cervical irritation 4.Bicornate uterus 5.Vaginal infection

1.Tubal occlusions 2.Uterine fibroids 4.Bicornate uterus

An infertile couple voices concern to the nurse about assisted reproductive technologies (ART). The nurse agrees that ART has created numerous dilemmas. Which potential questions does the nurse discuss with the couple? Select all that apply. 1.Which partner has ownership of the embryos? 2.Should a child be told about donors or surrogates? 3.Are there parental rights for sperm donors? 4.Does a fertility donor have financial obligations? 5.What happens to any surplus embryos?

1.Which partner has ownership of the embryos? 3.Are there parental rights for sperm donors? 5.What happens to any surplus embryos?

The nurse is providing care for a patient at 30 weeks gestation. Which topic related to patient concern or discomfort is most important for the nurse to address? 1.Increased breast enlargement 2.Dizziness when lying supine 3.Dependent edema and varicosities 4.Hyperpigmentation on the face

2.Dizziness when lying supine

A patient in the second trimester of pregnancy is scheduled for a Doppler flow study because the health care provider (HCP) is concerned about an assessment finding during a routine prenatal visit. Which finding of concern does the nurse suspect? 1.Fetal movement count is less than 8 per hour. 2.Patient shows no weight gain in 2 weeks. 3.Patient exhibits mild lower extremity edema. 4.Fetal growth is below expectation for gestational age.

2.Patient shows no weight gain in 2 weeks.

The nurse works in an infertility clinic and is interviewing a male patient whose partner has been unable to conceive. Which finding obtained during a health history will cause the nurse greatest concern? 1.The patient is a passionate gardener. 2.The patient had a vasectomy reversed. 3.The patient rides a bicycle daily to work. 4.The patient is concerned about infertility.

2.The patient had a vasectomy reversed.

A female carries one positive genetic marker for Huntington's disease. Her partner does not have any markers for the disease. For which reason is it so important for this family to identify persons with the genetic marker? 1.The Huntington gene is recessive. 2.All of the couple's offspring will have the disease. 3.Symptoms do not manifest until 30 to 50 years of age. 4.The expression of the disease is varied by individual.

3.Symptoms do not manifest until 30 to 50 years of age.

The nurse in an obstetrician's office is discussing a patient's request for legally terminating an unwanted pregnancy after the fetus tests positive for Down syndrome. The woman and her spouse have five children from ages 11 to 17 years, and the family lives in an isolated rural area. Which action does the nurse take? 1.Inform the patient of programs to meet the needs of special children. 2.Share that children with Down syndrome can be high functioning. 3.Tell the physician of contextual factors identifying an ethical dilemma. 4.Inquire about the presence of an extended family support system

3.Tell the physician of contextual factors identifying an ethical dilemma.

18. The nurse works in a prenatal clinic that serves a multicultural population. The nurse is culturally aware, and so, which behaviors by a patient are expected due to common restrictive beliefs? Select all that apply. 1.A pregnant woman denies sexual intercourse during her third trimester. 2.A pregnant woman allows a clinic staff member to take a photo of her. 3.A pregnant woman reaches to an overhead shelf to collect her belongings. 4.A pregnant woman avoids sitting in front of a fan or air conditioner. 5.A pregnant woman refuses to watch a televised eclipse of the moon.

1.A pregnant woman denies sexual intercourse during her third trimester. 5.A pregnant woman refuses to watch a televised eclipse of the moon.

A patient is experiencing pregnancy complications. Which factors will affect the client's ability to manage this situation? Select all that apply. 1.Current health status 2.Perceived threat to self or fetus 3.Previously used coping skills 4.Existence of a support network 5.Implemented nursing interventions

1.Current health status 2.Perceived threat to self or fetus 3.Previously used coping skills 4.Existence of a support network 5.Implemented nursing interventions

The nurse explains to a patient who has missed a second menstrual cycle that a combination of presumptive and probable signs is used to make a practical diagnosis of pregnancy. Which signs are expected by the nurse when making a practical diagnosis? Select all that apply. 1.Elevated hCG levels in blood and urine 2.Brownish pigmentation on the face 3.Fetal movement detected by the examiner 4.Bluish-purple coloration of vagina and cervix 5.Occasional mild contractions

1.Elevated hCG levels in blood and urine 2.Brownish pigmentation on the face 4.Bluish-purple coloration of vagina and cervix

A patient is in her first trimester of her second pregnancy. The patient's first child was born with a trisomy 21 defect. The patient is requesting testing to determine whether the current fetus has the same defect. Which initial testing does the nurse expect the HCP to prescribe? 1.Fetal ultrasound 2.Magnetic resonance imaging 3.Chorionic villa sampling 4.Amniocentesis

1.Fetal ultrasound

Which factors will facilitate the integration of evidence-based practice (EBP) in the maternity-newborn clinical setting? Select all that apply. 1.Frame clinical questions in PICOT format. 2.Collect the best and most relevant evidence. 3.Cultivate a spirit of inquiry in the workplace. 4.Encourage the use of trial and error methods. 5.Base practical decisions on nursing consensus.

1.Frame clinical questions in PICOT format. 2.Collect the best and most relevant evidence. 3.Cultivate a spirit of inquiry in the workplace.

A patient who is pregnant does not remember the last date of her menstrual period. In which manner does the nurse expect the estimated date of delivery (EDD) to be determined for this patient? 1.Having an ultrasound examination 2.Using the gestational wheel 3.Asking when previous babies were born 4.Obtaining a history of gestational length

1.Having an ultrasound examination

The nursing staff in a labor and delivery unit has noticed an increase in the number of patients experiencing placental abruption. The nurses begin to review demographics for the patients involved. Which risk factors will the nurses expect? Select all that apply. 1.Hypertensive disorders 2.Uterine fibroids 3.Cigarette smoking 4.Methamphetamine use 5.Abdominal trauma

1.Hypertensive disorders 2.Uterine fibroids 3.Cigarette smoking 4.Methamphetamine use 5.Abdominal trauma

Parents of a neonate are grieving over their child's life-threatening disabilities. The neonate's course of treatment has changed three times in the last 24 hours due to irrational parenteral decisions. Which interventions will the NICU nurse implement in order to fulfill nursing responsibility to both the parents and the neonate? Select all that apply. 1.Inform the parents as to realistic expectations. 2.Use neonate's status with parenteral counseling. 3.Elicit parenteral input regarding medical care. 4.Advocate for medical support of the neonate. 5.Inform parents they are the final decision makers.

1.Inform the parents as to realistic expectations. 2.Use neonate's status with parenteral counseling. 4.Advocate for medical support of the neonate.

The nurse is counseling a female patient diagnosed with anovulation as a cause of infertility. Which information does the nurse provide to the patient? Select all that apply. 1.Methods for dietary planning 2.Consultation for myomectomy 3.Refrain from unprotected sex 4.Surgical correction of fallopian tubes 5.Instructions for clomiphene citrate

1.Methods for dietary planning 5.Instructions for clomiphene citrate

The nurse on a maternity unit is an Orthodox Jew whose rabbi teaches that pregnancy terminations are permitted only to save the life of the mother. Which situation becomes possible if the nurse puts aside personal values and assists with elective terminations? 1.Moral distress 2.Legal actions 3.Loss of spirituality 4.Professional dilemma

1.Moral distress

A pregnant patient tells the nurse that her spouse has been diagnosed with Couvade syndrome. Which manifestations does the nurse suspect the spouse is experiencing? Select all that apply. 1.Nausea from unidentifiable causes 2.Physical rejection of sexual advances 3.Significant recent weight gain 4.Unexplainable abdominal pains 5.Self-imposed social isolation

1.Nausea from unidentifiable causes 3.Significant recent weight gain 4.Unexplainable abdominal pains

The nurse is providing dietary teaching to a patient in the first trimester of pregnancy who is overweight. Which daily dietary suggestions does the nurse make? Select all that apply. 1.One cup of 100% juice and cup of dried fruit. 2.Three cups of raw leafy and 1 cup cooked vegetables 3.One and a half cups of cooked pasta, rice, or cereal 4.Six ounces of lean meat, 2 eggs, and cup of beans 5.One cup of milk, 1 cup of yogurt, and oz of cheese

1.One cup of 100% juice and cup of dried fruit. 5.One cup of milk, 1 cup of yogurt, and oz of cheese

The nurse is preparing a prenatal plan of care for a patient who is in the first trimester of pregnancy. Which long-range goals does the nurse include in the plan of care? Select all that apply. 1.Perform an ongoing assessment of risk status 2.Determine parental outlook on immunizations 3.Build rapport with the childbearing family 4.Make referral to specific resources as needed 5.Implement a risk-appropriate intervention

1.Perform an ongoing assessment of risk status 3.Build rapport with the childbearing family 4.Make referral to specific resources as needed 5.Implement a risk-appropriate intervention

A patient who is at 20 weeks gestation is being prepared for an MRI after a nonconclusive ultrasound testing for suspected brain abnormality related to possible zika virus exposure. Which nursing actions are appropriate for this patient? Select all that apply. 1.Provide information regarding the test. 2.Allow patient to express feelings about her high-risk pregnancy. 3.Promote open communication with her primary health care providers. 4.Encourage patient to think about resolutions for negative testing. 5.Provide psychological support to the patient and her partner.

1.Provide information regarding the test. 2.Allow patient to express feelings about her high-risk pregnancy. 3.Promote open communication with her primary health care providers. 5.Provide psychological support to the patient and her partner.

A patient just learns that her unborn fetus has a life-threatening condition and is not expected to survive long term. Which does the nurse include in a plan of care to meet psychological needs of the patient and her partner? Select all that apply. 1.Provide time for the patient to talk about her feelings. 2.Encourage the patient's partner to be emotionally strong. 3.Facilitate referrals related to the fetal condition. 4.Monitor patient's condition and adjust visitors accordingly. 5.Ascertain if the patient and partner have previous crisis skills.

1.Provide time for the patient to talk about her feelings. 3.Facilitate referrals related to the fetal condition. 5.Ascertain if the patient and partner have previous crisis skills.

A patient at 33 weeks gestation with a first pregnancy arrives at the labor and delivery unit with contractions. After monitoring the patient, the nurse determines the woman is in active labor and calls the health care provider (HCP), who prescribes a sleeping medication and sends the patient home. Which action does the nurse take? 1.Questions the HCP's prescribed treatment 2.Administers the medication and keeps the patient 3.Calls another HCP for a different prescription 4.Follows the HCP's instructions as prescribed

1.Questions the HCP's prescribed treatment

The nurse is collecting health information from a patient who is early in the first trimester of pregnancy. Which topic is most important for the nurse to discuss with the patient after learning that the patient works for a commercial cleaning company? 1.Risk related to exposure to environmental toxins 2.Weight limit for lifting during the patient's pregnancy 3.Importance of resting with feet up during the day 4.Reasons for the patient to look for a safer job

1.Risk related to exposure to environmental toxins

Genomic medicine is an emerging medical discipline that involves using genomic information about an individual as part of the individual's clinical care. Which example does the nurse associate with genomic medicine? 1.Screening of neonates for inherited, treatable genetic diseases 2.Creating drugs specifically for the treatment of cancer 3.Conducting trial studies to determine how drugs effect individuals 4.Tracing and gaining knowledge about how genetic mutations occur

1.Screening of neonates for inherited, treatable genetic diseases

The nurse is reviewing the purpose of a modified BPP for a patient at 38 weeks gestation. The nurse recognizes which determinations can be made through a modified BPP regarding fetal well-being? Select all that apply. 1.The NST is an indicator of short-term fetal well-being. 2.The test is normal if NST is considered to be nonreactive. 3.The test is considered most predictive for perinatal outcomes. 4.The AFI is an indicator of long-term placental function. 5.An AFI of 5 cm is indicative of fetal asphyxia.

1.The NST is an indicator of short-term fetal well-being. 3.The test is considered most predictive for perinatal outcomes. 4.The AFI is an indicator of long-term placental function. 5.An AFI of 5 cm is indicative of fetal asphyxia.

A patient at 35 weeks gestation arrives at the prenatal clinic in physical distress. Assessment reveals hypotension, thready pulse, shallow respirations, pallor, cold and clammy skin, and anxiety. The nurse does not find evidence of vaginal bleeding but suspects placental abruption. For which reason does the nurse call for emergency transport to the hospital? Select all that apply. 1.The patient has all the symptoms of hypovolemia. 2.The patient reports a recent bout with nausea and vomiting. 3.The absence of blood can indicate a concealed hemorrhage. 4.The patient and fetus are at risk of death from hypovolemic shock. 5.The patient states a sudden onset of severe symptoms.

1.The patient has all the symptoms of hypovolemia. 3.The absence of blood can indicate a concealed hemorrhage. 4.The patient and fetus are at risk of death from hypovolemic shock. 5.The patient states a sudden onset of severe symptoms.

The nurse notes that a patient in the third trimester of pregnancy feels unable to "mother" her unborn child. Which information about the patient helps the nurse identify the sources of the patient's ambivalence? Select all that apply. 1.The patient is estranged from her mother. 2.The patient asks about classes for baby care. 3.The patient expresses a loss of independence. 4.The patient's partner is excited about a baby. 5.The patient expresses disgust about body changes.

1.The patient is estranged from her mother. 3.The patient expresses a loss of independence. 5.The patient expresses disgust about body changes.

A couple announces to their parents that the couple is pregnant. One expectant grandmother says, "Grandchildren will call me by my first name. I am not ready to be a grandmother." Which feelings are being expressed by the grandmother? 1.The pregnancy presents undeniable evidence the grandmother is growing older. 2.The grandmother has specific wishes about how she is to be addressed as a person. 3.The grandmother is most likely teasing and actually feels overwhelming delight. 4.The grandmother has never thought of herself in this role and will adapt with time.

1.The pregnancy presents undeniable evidence the grandmother is growing older.

An Eastern European Jewish couple had two children who died from Tay-Sachs disease. The couple is currently pregnant and have asked for genetic confirmation about this fetus with the intention of early termination if the fetus tests positively. For which reason does the nurse expect chorionic villa sampling to be prescribed? 1.The test is performed as early as 10 weeks gestation. 2.Risks to the fetus and mother are less than other tests. 3.A positive result allows termination during the test. 4.This is the only testing that is disease specific.

1.The test is performed as early as 10 weeks gestation.

The nurse is conducting a staff education session about preeclampsia and eclampsia complications. Which statements by the nurse are accurate about HELLP syndrome? Select all that apply. 1.This syndrome destroys red blood cells. 2.This syndrome impacts the amount of platelets. 3.This syndrome decreases a patient's white blood cell (WBC) count. 4.This syndrome decreases a patient's blood urea nitrogen (BUN). 5.This syndrome increases liver enzymes.

1.This syndrome destroys red blood cells. 2.This syndrome impacts the amount of platelets. 5.This syndrome increases liver enzymes.

The nurse is assessing a patient at 26 weeks gestation. The patient has chronic hypertension and exhibited hypertension and proteinuria prior to 20 weeks gestation. Previous blood pressure (BP) readings have been in the range of 130 to 140/88 to 90 mm Hg. Due to superimposed preeclampsia, for which additional manifestations will the nurse immediately contact the health care provider? Select all that apply. 1.Laboratory report that shows an elevation of liver enzymes 2.Current blood pressure reading of 162/102 mm Hg 3.Evident pulmonary edema noted with auscultation. 4.Subjective report of severe headache and photophobia 5.Lack of response to verbal and tactile stimulation

2.Current blood pressure reading of 162/102 mm Hg 3.Evident pulmonary edema noted with auscultation. 4.Subjective report of severe headache and photophobia 5.Lack of response to verbal and tactile stimulation

A patient with pregestational diabetes mellitus delivers a neonate who is diagnosed with macrosomia. The nurse is aware that the neonate is at risk for additional long-term conditions related to maternal diabetes mellitus. Which long-term effects may occur? Select all that apply. 1.Shoulder injury related to birth size 2.Development of metabolic syndrome 3.Impaired intellectual development 4.Changes in genetic expression 5.Increased risk for chronic illnesses

2.Development of metabolic syndrome 3.Impaired intellectual development 4.Changes in genetic expression 5.Increased risk for chronic illnesses

An adolescent patient who is 15 weeks pregnant refuses to have an alpha-fetoprotein test performed because, "I don't like needles." Which initial approach does the nurse take to achieve the testing? 1.Insist that testing will be done with or without her cooperation. 2.Explain the testing is important in detecting serious birth defects. 3.Ask an accompanying parent to help persuade the patient. 4.Notify the health care provider of the patient's refusal.

2.Explain the testing is important in detecting serious birth defects.

The labor and delivery nurse is providing care to a patient in active labor. The nurse notes EFM changes that suggest fetal distress and monitors the fetus for an additional 20 minutes before calling the health care provider. The health care provide determines that an emergency cesarean delivery is required. During transport, EFM is interrupted and not resumed due to expectations of an emergent procedure. A stillborn fetus is delivered. For which actions can the nurse be held legally responsible? Select all that apply. 1.Inappropriate use of oxytocin, causing fetal distress. 2.Lack of appropriate response to fetal compromise. 3.Inability to initiate resuscitation to a compromised fetus. 4.Delayed communication resulting in a delay of cesarean. 5.Performance of a technical error related to monitoring.

2.Lack of appropriate response to fetal compromise. 4.Delayed communication resulting in a delay of cesarean. 5.Performance of a technical error related to monitoring.

The nurse is providing care for a patient in the third trimester of pregnancy. Which topic of patient education is most likely to be needed during this time? 1.Update on fetus growth and behavioral patterns 2.Management for commonly experienced discomforts 3.General health maintenance and promotion topics 4.Counseling and guidance about diet and exercise

2.Management for commonly experienced discomforts

A patient at 36 weeks gestation reports a constant dull backache, regular frequent contractions that are painless, and lower abdominal pressure. Physical examination reveals intact membranes and cervical dilation of 3 cm. Which order by the health care provider is unexpected by the nurse? 1.Administer antenatal steroids 2.Obtain fetal fibronectin levels 3.Beta-adrenergic agonist therapy 4.Monitor blood glucose levels

2.Obtain fetal fibronectin levels

The nursing department of a large facility is interested in improving clinical care with the introduction of EBP. Which barriers to EBP does the nursing department expect within the facility? Select all that apply. 1.Changes in nursing academia to include how to integrate research into practice 2.Outdated facility politics and policies that do not embrace research-based change 3.A general lack of information addressing nursing-focused research and change 4.Limited resources available to clinical care providers from nursing administration 5.Resistance by other health care professionals to providing nursing with autonomy

2.Outdated facility politics and policies that do not embrace research-based change 4.Limited resources available to clinical care providers from nursing administration

The nurse educator is preparing a presentation on preterm labor (PTL) and birth (PTB). Which information does the nurse recognize as being inaccurate? 1.PTB is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and for antenatal hospitalization. 2.PTL is defined as regular uterine contractions resulting in cervical changes before 40 weeks gestation. 3.PTBs result in increased numbers of neonatal and infant deaths and long-term neurological impairment. 4.Average costs for premature/low birthweight infants are more than 10 times as high than for other newborns.

2.PTL is defined as regular uterine contractions resulting in cervical changes before 40 weeks gestation.

A patient is scheduled for a contraction stress test (CST) at 36 weeks gestation. The nurse is aware that a successful testing is dependent on which factor? 1.Whether Braxton-Hicks contractions are occurring 2.Whether uterine contractions can be stimulated 3.If the mother is not overly tired or anxious 4.If the fetus is in an awake cycle and active

2.Whether uterine contractions can be stimulated

he nurse is assessing a patient who just received confirmation of pregnancy. While collecting information about the patient's medical history, which information alerts the nurse to biophysical risk factors? Select all that apply. 1.The patient is primip who is 38 years of age. 2.The patient smokes two packs of cigarettes weekly. 3.The patient has been a strict vegetarian for 25 years. 4.The patient works as a nuclear medicine technician. 5.The patient is medically treated for rheumatoid arthritis.

3.The patient has been a strict vegetarian for 25 years. 5.The patient is medically treated for rheumatoid arthritis.

The nurse works in the maternal-newborn unit dedicated to management of high-risk pregnancy and delivery. A patient has delivered two children who died from a genetic disorder. The current pregnancy tests positive for the same disorder. Which ethical decision-making model will the nurse use with this patient? 1.The model that focuses on medical treatment 2.The model that focuses on patient preference 3.The model that focuses on religion and culture 4.The model that focuses on the quality of life

4.The model that focuses on the quality of life

The nurse is experiencing an ethical dilemma when confronted with a situation in which either the mother or fetus is predicted to die. The nurse feels bound by the ANA Code of Ethics to protect both patients. Which aspect of care during an ethical dilemma will guide the nurse? 1.Maternity nurses are bound to advocate first and foremost for the well-being of the mother. 2.The nurse is ethically bound to provide the best care for both the mother and fetus. 3.If the fetus is viable and healthy, its survival is the priority of the maternity nurse. 4.Survival of the mother is solely based on both patient and family decision making.

1.Maternity nurses are bound to advocate first and foremost for the well-being of the mother.

he nurse is encouraging cultural sensitivity among the nonmedical personnel in a prenatal clinic. Which type of family does the nurse identify as including children? Select all that apply. 1.Nuclear family 2.Extended family 3.Cohabitating family 4.Dyad family 5.Blended family

1.Nuclear family 2.Extended family 5.Blended family

The nurse is employed in a NICU. With each new admission, the neonate is classified in a specific category regarding care. The nurse is in the process of admitting a neonate at 22 weeks gestation with multiple life-threatening conditions involving both cardiac and respiratory systems. In which category of care does the nurse expect the neonate to be placed? 1.The category where aggressive care is probably futile. 2.The category where aggressive care is mostly uncertain. 3.The category where aggressive care is likely to be beneficial. 4.The category of "wait and see" to determine possible survival.

1.The category where aggressive care is probably futile.

The nurse works in a postpartum maternal-newborn unit and notices a newborn who is exhibiting signs of distress. Through investigation, the nurse learns the newborn's mother has a history of abusing street drugs. Which facility system does the nurse report as being deficient? 1.Risk management 2.Newborn monitoring 3.Patient information 4.Admission process

1.Risk management

The nurse is planning an assessment on a patient in the second trimester of pregnancy. For which assessments will the nurse plan? Select all that apply. 1.Urine testing with a dipstick. 2.Presence of dependent edema. 3.Determine EDD by Naegele's rule. 4.Antibody screening for Rh?2- patient. 5.Check for chromosomal abnormalities.

1.Urine testing with a dipstick. 2.Presence of dependent edema. 4.Antibody screening for Rh?2- patient.

A patient is confirmed to be pregnant. Obstetric history includes two sets of twins born at 30 and 32 weeks gestation, respectively, a singleton birth born at 39 weeks gestation, and two pregnancies lost in the first trimester. In which way will the nurse define the patient's obstetrical history? 1.G4, T3, P2, A2, L3 2.G6, T1, P4, A2, L5 3.G5, T1, P2, A2, L5 4.G6, T4, P0, A4, L3

2.G6, T1, P4, A2, L5

A patient at 13 weeks gestation asks the nurse how her baby is nourished during pregnancy. Which information does the nurse use to explain the process to the mother? 1.Fetal waste products and CO2 pass through the placenta to the mother. 2.The placenta is a special organ developed to create nutrients and oxygen. 3.The mother's blood and fetus's blood mix for an exchange of nutrients. 4.Glucose, amino acids, and oxygen pass through the placenta from mother to baby.

4.Glucose, amino acids, and oxygen pass through the placenta from mother to baby.

The more prepared a pregnant woman feels for the birth of her baby will lower her anxiety and fear. The behavior is referred to as ____________________.

nesting behavior

____________________ stimulation may be effective in eliciting a change in fetal behavior, fetal startle movements, and increased FHR variability.

vibroacoustic

A patient in the second trimester of pregnancy seems distressed. With encouragement, the patient states, "I have been totally avoiding physical contact with my husband to avoid prompting any sexual activity." Which statement by the nurse is the best response? 1."Nonsexual expressions of affection are important for both of you." 2."Be honest and tell your husband the reason you are avoiding him." 3."You need to agree to sex in order to prevent infidelity from occurring." 4."Sex during pregnancy is a healthy and normal display of affection."

1."Nonsexual expressions of affection are important for both of you."

The labor and delivery nursing staff is conducting research to determine the benefits of childbirth education (CBE). Which finding does evidence-based practice support? 1.Women who participated in CBE and/or had a birth plan had higher odds of a vaginal delivery. 2.Women who are considered to be at high risk had fewer complications if CBE or a birth plan was used. 3.Women of color, younger in age, and who are multipara respond best to CBE and/or a birth plan. 4.Women with a previous cesarean delivery are more likely to have a vaginal delivery after CBE.

1.Women who participated in CBE and/or had a birth plan had higher odds of a vaginal delivery.

A male patient is diagnosed with low sperm count as the cause of infertility. Which interventions will the nurse recommend to improve the patient's sperm count? Select all that apply. 1.Yoga or relaxation techniques 2.Surgical repair of an inguinal hernia 3.Switch to underwear made from cotton 4.Avoidance of showers with hot water temperature 5.Consultation to change hypertension drugs

1.Yoga or relaxation techniques 2.Surgical repair of an inguinal hernia 5.Consultation to change hypertension drugs

A mother has a child who is 4 years of age, and she is expecting another child. The mother expresses concern to the nurse about how the older sibling will receive the newborn. Which intervention shared by the mother does the nurse discourage? 1."I plan to let him hear the baby's heartbeat at the next prenatal visit." 2."I think that I will just bring the new baby home as a surprise." 3."I have enrolled him in a sibling preparation class at the hospital." 4."I let him pick out a gift for the baby, and have one for him from the baby."

2."I think that I will just bring the new baby home as a surprise."

A couple is planning for the birth of their first child and is discussing the difference between a physician and a midwife. Which information presented by the couple does the nurse validate as being true? 1.Midwives are commonly self-taught without formal training. 2.Physicians provide care for both low- and high-risk patients. 3.Midwives primarily deliver babies in the home setting. 4.Physicians rely on the use of technological procedures for birth.

2.Physicians provide care for both low- and high-risk patients.

A patient in the second trimester of pregnancy becomes upset when the health care provider (HCP) schedules several screening tests. The patient voices concern that something is wrong with her baby. Which statement by the nurse will reduce the patient's anxiety? 1."Multiple screening tests are ordered for every pregnancy." 2."It is better to identify problems before birth than afterward." 3."Screening tests are primarily to identify those without disease or abnormality." 4."Diagnostic testing is a reason for worry because they indicate fetal problems."

3."Screening tests are primarily to identify those without disease or abnormality."

The nurse is teaching a class about embryonic and fetal development to couples in the early stage of pregnancy. For which reason does the nurse emphasize the first 8 weeks of gestation? 1.Pregnancies often abort before or at this time of development. 2.Lack of size and movement prevents confirmation of pregnancy. 3.All organ systems are developing during this period. 4.Factors that can interrupt the pregnancy are no longer a concern.

3.All organ systems are developing during this period.

he nurse is providing care for a patient who is 42 years of age and in the first trimester of her pregnancy. For which possible complication will the nurse closely monitor the patient and fetus? 1.Elevated blood pressure and proteinuria 2.Indications of maladaptation to pregnancy 3.Alterations in fetal chromosomal studies 4.Subtle indicators of menopause occurring

3.Alterations in fetal chromosomal studies

A patient is scheduled for transvaginal ultrasound testing. Which preparation by the nurse is appropriate? 1.Place the patient supine with a pillow beneath her head. 2.Explain that pain at 4 or less on a 0 to10 scale is expected. 3.Ascertain whether the patient has a latex or banana allergy. 4.Request that the patient's partner leave the testing room.

3.Ascertain whether the patient has a latex or banana allergy.

he nurse is counseling a female patient who has unsuccessfully attempted to become pregnant through a variety of methods and treatments for infertility. Which psychosocial manifestation is the nurse most likely to recognize? 1.Close connections with extended family 2.Strong intimate relationship with her partner 3.Difficulty accepting pregnancy if it does occur 4.Greater focus on career and job opportunities

3.Difficulty accepting pregnancy if it does occur

The nurse is providing care for a patient in labor. The unborn fetus was diagnosed with severe microcephaly at 20 weeks' gestation. The patient tells the nurse, "We want everything done to save our baby who has as much right to a good life as anyone else." Which ethical approach does this represent? 1.Autonomy 2.Libertarianism 3.Egalitarianism 4.Utilitarianism

3.Egalitarianism

A patient at 30 weeks gestation is exhibiting signs of preterm labor and delivery. The health care provider (HCP) informs the patient that nothing can be done to disrupt this process. The patient is in distress and states, "Why can't something be done to save my baby?" The nurse understands the HCP's decision is likely based on which finding? 1.Ruptured membranes caused an infection. 2.The patient is unstable due to hemorrhage. 3.Fetal age is incompatible with survival. 4.A fetal heartbeat could not be obtained.

4.A fetal heartbeat could not be obtained.

A patient who is pregnant shares details of being in a physically and psychologically abusive relationship with her baby's father. Which statement by the nurse is indicative of AWHONN's standing regarding intimate partner violence (IPV)? 1."If you are all alone, you need to make arrangements for someone to stay with you." 2."Your partner needs to come to the office so that we can confront his behavior." 3."I will call a women's shelter to make arrangement for you to move in immediately." 4."Let's explore ways to protect you and stop the abuse you have been enduring."

4."Let's explore ways to protect you and stop the abuse you have been enduring."

A patient who has just received confirmation that she is pregnant is distressed because she has a seizure disorder that she manages with carbamazepine. Which is the nurse's greatest concern? 1.The carbamazepine may be discontinued. 2.The pregnancy is likely to end with fetal demise. 3.The fetus will experience loss of vision and hearing. 4.Carbamazepine is teratogenic and causes neural and facial defects.

4.Carbamazepine is teratogenic and causes neural and facial defects.

The nurse is performing an NST along with a biophysical profile scoring (BPP) on a patient at 39 weeks gestation. The nurse determines the fetus has a nonreactive NST. The fetus has trunk or limb movement two times; is noted to be opening and closing hands; has a 45-second breathing episode; and has two 2-cm pockets of amniotic fluid. The nurse should assign a BPP score of ____________________/10.

6

A patient who is at 30 weeks gestation is involved in a car crash. The nurse recognizes that which initial testing will be used to assess fetal well-being? 1.Ultrasonography 2.Nonstress testing 3.Contraction stress test 4.Fetal movement counting

2.Nonstress testing

The ____________________ in conjunction with NST is a strong indicator of fetal status, as it is accurate in detecting fetal hypoxia.

amniotic fluid index

A patient is threatening spontaneous abortion at 18 weeks gestation. The patient's two previous pregnancies aborted in the same time frame. The patient states, "They want to sew my cervix shut." The nurse shares the terminology for surgical treatment of incompetent cervix, which is ____________________.

cerclage

Premature rupture of membranes is defined as rupture of the ____________________ membranes before the onset of labor but at term.

chorioamniotic

When a patient is diagnosed with preeclampsia, one sign that the fetus is at risk for hypoxia is a change in amniotic fluid called ____________________.

oligohydramnios

The nurse is aware that some ____________________ tests, such as multiple marker screening and ultrasound, are offered to all pregnant women.

screening

The nurse works in a urologist's office. A male patient is scheduled for routine fertility testing. For which test does the nurse refrain from making preparation? 1.STI screening 2.Hormonal levels 3.Sexual functioning 4.Ejaculate analysis

3.Sexual functioning

A patient in the first trimester of pregnancy states, "I don't understand how a term baby can be accommodated by my uterus." Which information by the nurse specifically addresses the patient's comment? 1.The uterus size increases in size 20 times over a nonpregnant uterus. 2.The weight of the uterus increases from 7 g to 1,100 g during pregnancy. 3.About 80% of the increased capacity of the uterus is related to uteroplacental content. 4.About 75% of the increase in uterus size during pregnancy is related to stretching.

1.The uterus size increases in size 20 times over a nonpregnant uterus.

The nurse in a prenatal clinic is reviewing the files of four patients scheduled for visits. Which patient does the nurse identify as having the highest-risk pregnancy? 1.The patient who is 16 years of age just diagnosed with gestational diabetes 2.The patient with preexisting hypertension who is currently pregnant with twins 3.The patient who is 37 years of age, obese, and experiencing pregnancy-induced hypertension 4.The patient who is 28 years of age who delivered a premature neonate 3 years prior

3.The patient who is 37 years of age, obese, and experiencing pregnancy-induced hypertension

A patient undergoes chorionic villa sampling to rule out the presence of a genetic disorder. Following the procedure, the patient experiences iatrogenic PPROM. Which explanation does the nurse provide to promote patient understanding? 1.The rupture of the membranes is from a bacterial infection. 2.The membranes ruptured because the test caused fetal death. 3.The premature rupture of the membranes is a known risk to the test. 4.The membranes ruptured due to the presence of a genetic disorder.

3.The premature rupture of the membranes is a known risk to the test.

A patient in the third trimester of pregnancy reports having heartburn nearly every day. Which recommendations does the nurse make to alleviate the problem? Select all that apply. 1.Consume three moderate-sized meals daily. 2.Sip clear, carbonated beverages when eating. 3.Assume a low Fowler position after meals. 4.Avoid eating 3 hours prior to bedtime. 5.Avoid consuming spicy, fatty, or fried food.

4.Avoid eating 3 hours prior to bedtime. 5.Avoid consuming spicy, fatty, or fried food.

The nurse works in the labor and delivery department. Which action by the nurse indicates a breach in the nursing care principles outlined by AWHONN? 1.Assists with an emergency delivery of a woman in a homeless shelter 2.Informs employer of religious beliefs against pregnancy termination 3.Suggests a nurse care for a patient who speaks the same native language 4.Declines a patient assignment because of a history of illegal drug use

4.Declines a patient assignment because of a history of illegal drug use

The nurse is providing prenatal care for a patient who is pregnant with a second child. Which understanding about complexity of a second pregnancy does the nurse use to assist the patient with the acceptance of this pregnancy? 1.Point out that the financial obligation is always less with a second child. 2.Make suggestions of how the first child will be a "helper" with the new baby. 3.Recommend career decisions needed because of additional parenting tasks. 4.Offer strategies for working out a new relationship with the first child.

4.Offer strategies for working out a new relationship with the first child.

The nurse in a prenatal clinic is assessing a patient who is at 37 weeks gestation for twins. The patient reports increased discomfort and increased lower pelvic pressure. Which action does the nurse take with this patient? 1.After examination, assures the patient of the absence of contractions 2.Explains to the patient that increased discomfort is expected with twins 3.Performs a digital cervical examination to determine if dilation is occurring 4.Sends the patient to the hospital to be checked for possible signs of labor

4.Sends the patient to the hospital to be checked for possible signs of labor

A pregnant patient is at the prenatal clinic for a routine visit at 30 weeks gestation. The nurse monitors the patient for indications of physiological demands by the fetus on the patient. Which finding causes the nurse concern? 1.Hgb of 9.5 g/dL and Hct. of 30% 2.PT of 16.5 seconds 3.WBCs of 16,000 mm3 4.Heart rate up 20 bpm

1.Hgb of 9.5 g/dL and Hct. of 30%

The nurse is counseling a patient regarding pregnancy. The patient lost her first two pregnancies in the second trimester of gestation for undetermined reasons. Which initial advice does the nurse provide for this patient? 1.Consider adoption. 2.Seek genetic studies. 3.Plan for fertility tests. 4.Attend grief counseling.

2.Seek genetic studies.

A patient in the third trimester of pregnancy expresses concern to the nurse about changes to her muscles, joints, and bones. Which conditions does the nurse reassure the patient are normal changes of pregnancy? Select all that apply. 1.Waddling gait 2.Low back pain 3.Increased risk of falls 4.Fractures 5.Severe muscle aches

1.Waddling gait 2.Low back pain 5.Severe muscle aches

The nurse in a prenatal unit is providing care for a patient who experienced PPROM at 32 weeks gestation. Which assessment does the nurse consider unnecessary? 1.Check for cervical dilation 2.Monitor for signs of infection 3.Assess for vaginal bleeding 4.Watch for fetal compromise

1.Check for cervical dilation

A patient at 34 weeks gestation is undergoing an ultrasound. The nurse notes that the amniotic fluid is estimated at between 500 and 600 mL. Which deduction does the nurse make from this finding? 1.Oligohydramnios is present. 2.Fluid is normal for gestation age. 3.Polyhydramnios has formed. 4.Follow-up ultrasound is warranted.

1.Oligohydramnios is present.

A patient who is in the third trimester of pregnancy is informed that she will need a cesarean hysterectomy and bladder reconstruction due to a placenta defect. Which medical condition does the nurse explain to the patient? 1.Placenta accreta 2.Placenta increta 3.Placenta percreta 4.Placenta previa

3.Placenta percreta

A patient who is pregnant asks the nurse when her baby is due to be born. The patient reports her last menstrual period (LMP) date as April 14. Using Naegele's rule, the nurse will set the estimated date of delivery (EDD) as what date? 1.July 21 2.January 7 3.July 14 4.January 21

4.January 21

An infertile couple learns that the female is unable to produce viable eggs. The male partner suggests the use of a surrogate as a means of having a child. The female states, "I don't want your baby with another woman!" The nurse is aware of which psychosocial issue with this couple? 1.The male blames the female for the infertility. 2.The female is jealous of the surrogate's fertility. 3.The male needs to have a child with his genes. 4.The female is experiencing self-esteem issues.

4.The female is experiencing self-esteem issues.

The nurse is counseling a couple who just learned their 16-week fetus tested positive for a serious genetic disorder. Which action by the nurse is inappropriate upon learning that the couple plan to continue the pregnancy? 1.Determine whether termination is still a consideration. 2.Explain they will experience grief, which is normal. 3.Provide additional information about the disorder. 4.Refer them to a disorder-specific support group.

1.Determine whether termination is still a consideration.

A patient in the third trimester of pregnancy is instructed on how to perform daily fetal movement count. The nurse needs to inform the patient what to do if fetal movement is decreased. Which patient actions are appropriately recommended by the nurse? Select all that apply. 1.Eat something. 2.Recount movements the next morning. 3.Arrange for a period of rest. 4.Focus on movement for 1 hour. 5.Exercise or take a walk.

1.Eat something. 3.Arrange for a period of rest. 4.Focus on movement for 1 hour.

The nurse works in a prenatal clinic located in a multicultural city. It is important for the nurse to recognize which cultural beliefs as prescriptive? Select all that apply. 1.The mother will aid the baby's circulation by remaining active during pregnancy. 2.The satisfaction of pregnancy cravings will prevent birthmarks on the baby. 3.The mother invites harm to the fetus during the night by sleeping on her back. 4.A safety pin attached to an undergarment will prevent fetal facial deformities. 5.Drinking too much tea will stimulate the fetus and cause a premature birth.

1.The mother will aid the baby's circulation by remaining active during pregnancy. 2.The satisfaction of pregnancy cravings will prevent birthmarks on the baby. 4.A safety pin attached to an undergarment will prevent fetal facial deformities.

The nurse is providing pre-amniocentesis teaching for a patient who is at 18 weeks gestation. Which information does the nurse provide? Select all that apply. 1.Positioning on the left side will avoid injury to the fetus. 2.A full bladder will assist in ultrasound visualization. 3.Discomfort will be minimized with a local anesthetic. 4.Avoid lifting heavy objects for a period of 2 weeks. 5.Abdominal cramping and bleeding is normal for 24 hours.

2.A full bladder will assist in ultrasound visualization. 3.Discomfort will be minimized with a local anesthetic.

The nurse works in a prenatal clinic and interacts with multiple patients from various socioeconomic backgrounds. Which patient does the nurse assess most carefully for a mental health issue? 1.A woman who chooses single parenthood 2.A military veteran who was deployed twice 3.The pregnant partner of a lesbian relationship 4.The mother who is multigestational with triplets

2.A military veteran who was deployed twice

The nurse is assisting a patient in the use of an ethical decision-making model related to quality of life. Which question is inappropriate when using this model? 1.What are the prospects for a normal life? 2.Are arrangements made for prolonging life? 3.Which type of deficits for the patient are likely? 4.Does a present or future condition make life undesirable?

2.Are arrangements made for prolonging life?

A nurse is suspended for refusal to participate in the performance of an elective termination of a pregnancy. Which specific group's standards does the nurse use for job reinstatement? 1.American Nurses Association (ANA) 2.Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN) 3.State board of nursing 4.Facility ethics committee

2.Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN)

The nurse is providing care for a patient in active labor. The patient continuously asks the nurse for medication to "stop the pain." Which ethical principle does the nurse use when replying, "We need to protect the baby from being overmedicated. Let me help you with some breathing and relaxation techniques"? 1.Veracity 2.Beneficence 3.Nonmaleficence 4.Fidelity

2.Beneficence

A patient arrives for her fourth month prenatal visit and expresses concern because of a leakage of yellow fluid from her breasts. Which topic does the nurse discuss during this visit? 1.Signs of infection 2.Breast changes 3.A change in EDD 4.Support bras

2.Breast changes

A patient arrives at a maternal health client and tells the nurse she has missed a period and thinks she is pregnant. Which information shared with the nurse is a presumptive sign of pregnancy? 1.Positive results on a home pregnancy test 2.Breast enlargement, tenderness, and tingling 3.First awareness of fetal movements 4.Increased appetite

2.Breast enlargement, tenderness, and tingling

The nurse is counseling a patient who shares the intention to become pregnant. Which finding during the collection of health information will the nurse feel the least concern to address? 1.The patient smokes a pack of cigarettes a week. 2.The patient lives in a recently renovated house. 3.The patient travels outside the country for work. 4.The patient has a family history of diabetes mellitus.

2.The patient lives in a recently renovated house.

A couple informs the nurse they have decided to make arrangements for a home birth. Which criteria will the nurse share with the couple regarding a safe home birth? Select all that apply. 1.The couple must be trained on how to be in control of the birth. 2.The pregnant woman must be in good health with a normal pregnancy. 3.The birthing home must be within a 1-hour drive of a hospital. 4.Adequate medical supplies and resuscitation equipment is available. 5.The birthing room needs to be sterile prior to labor and delivery.

2.The pregnant woman must be in good health with a normal pregnancy. 4.Adequate medical supplies and resuscitation equipment is available.

The nurse is counseling a couple in the third trimester of pregnancy and recommends the couple attend childbirth education classes. For which reason is the nurse least likely to recommend the classes? 1.The classes will affirm the normalcy of birth. 2.The techniques will enable a medication-free delivery. 3.The classes acknowledge a woman's ability to inherently give birth. 4.The classes explore ways to find strength and comfort during labor.

2.The techniques will enable a medication-free delivery.

An experienced OB nurse has accepted a position in labor and delivery of an inner-city hospital providing care for multicultural clients. Which action by the nurse is most helpful in preparation for this position? 1.Reviewing quantitative research focused on current birth procedures 2.Comparing facility policies with recent research recommendations 3.Intensely studying qualitative research focused on practice enhancement 4.Obtaining access to the department's recent research of evidence-based practice

3.Intensely studying qualitative research focused on practice enhancement

The nurse manager in the labor and delivery unit decides that all unit nurses are to take a course in electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) as recommended by AWHONN. Which is the most important issue related to EFM the nurse manager is expecting to address? 1.Eliminate the amount of litigation related to fetal injury. 2.Strengthen the staff's level of confidence with monitoring. 3.Reduce failure to accurately assess maternal and fetal status. 4.Improve the lack of communication with health care providers.

3.Reduce failure to accurately assess maternal and fetal status.

The nurse at a prenatal clinic is aware of the important tasks that each expectant mother will need to address. When an expectant mother states, "I will give up everything I have to make sure this baby is safe and well-cared for," which task is the mother addressing? 1.Expressing an attachment to the child 2.Ensuring safe birth for mother and child 3.Stating a willingness to give of oneself 4.Ensuring social acceptance of the child

3.Stating a willingness to give of oneself

The nurse is discussing genetically linked diseases with a couple planning a pregnancy. The female states, "I am concerned because there is a history of sickle-cell disease in my family." Which information from the nurse is correct? 1.Any offspring will have the disease. 2.Only male children will have the disease. 3.The male partner needs genetic testing. 4.The couple should not become pregnant.

3.The male partner needs genetic testing.

A patient expresses a desire to become pregnant for a second child. The nurse notes that the patient's first child was born with a serious neural tube defect (NTD) and died of complications at 18 months of age. Which recommendation does the nurse make to this client? 1.Folic acid 0.6 mg/day orally 1 month before conception and throughout pregnancy. 2.Folic acid 0.4 mg/day orally started when pregnant and continued throughout pregnancy 3.Folic acid 4 mg/day orally started when pregnant and continued throughout pregnancy 4.Folic acid 4 mg/day orally for 1 month prior to conception through first trimester of pregnancy

4.Folic acid 4 mg/day orally for 1 month prior to conception through first trimester of pregnancy

The nurse in an OB's office is evaluating a patient who exhibits vaginal bleeding at 30 weeks gestation. The patient is prescribed bedrest at home and instructed to avoid lifting. The patient states, "I cannot go to bed, I have an 18-month-old at home." On which topic of the Jonsen model for ethical decision making will the nurse focus? 1.Contextual features 2.Quality of life 3.Patient preferences 4.Medical indications

4.Medical indications

When performing a physical assessment on a patient during the initial prenatal visit, the nurse notes spongy gums prone to bleeding during the oral exam. Which comment by the nurse is appropriate? 1."Oral bleeding can contribute to anemia." 2."Dental problems can interfere with nutrition." 3."Periodontal disease is a risk factor for preterm labor" 4."You need dental care because pregnancy causes dental problems."

1."Oral bleeding can contribute to anemia."

The nurse is providing care for a 45-year-old patient who has just learned she is in the second trimester of pregnancy. The patient thought she was experiencing manifestations of menopause until she recognized fetal movement. Which diagnostic test does the nurse expect to be prescribed for this patient? 1.Amniocentesis 2.Ultrasonography 3.Daily fetal movement count 4.Chorionic villi sampling

1.Amniocentesis

The nurse is assisting a patient who is pregnant to prepare for an MRI scheduled to assess fetal brain development. Which situation causes the nurse to notify the radiology department personnel? 1.The patient had breakfast before the test. 2.The patient reports having an iodine allergy. 3.The patient expresses concern about pain. 4.The patient has a permanent body piercing.

4.The patient has a permanent body piercing.

fter counseling with an obstetrician about infertility, a couple is advised to undergo testicular sperm aspiration. The nurse is aware that the procedure may be recommended for which infertility? 1.Blocked fallopian tubes 2.Unsuccessful vasectomy reversal 3.Poor cervical mucus production 4.Diminished sperm motility

2.Unsuccessful vasectomy reversal

A female patient is concerned about an inability to become pregnant after trying for 1 year. Which information collected during a health history causes the nurse the greatest amount of concern about possible infertility? 1.The patient works as a ballroom dance instructor. 2.The patient is turning 37 years old this year. 3.The patient has hot flashes and mood swings. 4.The patient was treated for a pelvic inflammatory disease while in college.

3.The patient has hot flashes and mood swings.

A pregnant patient and her spouse live in the same home as the spouse's family who is not supportive of the pregnancy. The patient feels the family is ruining the happiness about the pregnancy. Which is the most important determination for the nurse to make? 1.What the potential for improving the current support network is 2.Who will provide the patient the greatest amount of support 3.Whether the couple's finances support moving into a separate location 4. If threatened or actual abuse from household members occur toward the patient

4.If threatened or actual abuse from household members occur toward the patient

The nurse is interviewing a new patient who is in the first trimester of her second pregnancy. The patient shares that her first child was born at 36 weeks gestation. Which information does the patient share that places the patient at risk for a second premature birth? 1.The first labor was induced due to unresponsive management of hypertension. 2.The health care provider induced labor at the patient's request to avoid holiday interruptions. 3.Labor was induced when the fetus moved from a posterior to an anterior position. 4.The premature labor and birth was unexpected and followed a normal pregnancy.

4.The premature labor and birth was unexpected and followed a normal pregnancy.

A patient has experienced an uneventful pregnancy but begins to have vaginal spotting at 38 weeks gestation. The health care provider (HCP) suspects placenta previa initiated by cervical thinning. Which testing does the nurse expect the HCP to schedule? 1.Doppler flow studies 2.Nonstress testing 3.Magnetic resonance imaging 4.Ultrasonography studies

4.Ultrasonography studies