MATH

To determine if the result of the statistical test is significant or not, we compare the value of the test statistic with the_______.

critical value

The level of significance ( alpha-value) is the probability of _____.

rejecting a true null hypothesis

Which of the following is least affected by an extreme high value in the distribution?

Median

If there is one or more extreme scores in the data set, which measure of central tendency would be more appropriate?

Median. Median is a more robust measure of central tendency when there are outliers in the data.

What is the maximum value in the data set? 6.1, 10.3, 19.5, 10.7, 20.8, 10.61

20.8

Which of the following sets of four numbers has the highest possible standard deviation?

21, 22, 2, 1, with a standard deviation of 10.98. Mean = (21 + 22 + 2 + 1) / 4 = 11.5 SD = sqrt(((21-11.5)^2 + (22-11.5)^2 + (2-11.5)^2 + (1-11.5)^2) / 3) = 10.98

Which data set has the largest range?

4 , 5 , 7 , 20 , 11 The maximum value is 20 and the minimum value is 4, so the range is 20 - 4 = 16.

In the given contingency table, how many percent are males? Male: Yes - 136 No - 104 Female: Yes - 224 No - 36

48% The number of males is 136 + 104 = 240. The total number of individuals is 136 + 224 + 104 + 36 = 500. The percentage of males is: 240 / 500 x 100% = 48%

What is the median of the data set? 6, 9, 11, 4, 10, 3, 5, 12

7.5 There are 8 values in the data set, so the median is the average of the 4th and 5th values. median = (6 + 9) / 2 = 7.5

Which descriptive techniques would be appropriate for the variable " religious affiliation"?

Bar chart or pie chart: These charts can visually display the frequency table results, making it easier to see the relative proportion of each religious group.

The following statistical tools can be calculated/ utilized to describe interval/ratio data except__. Kurtosis Measures of central tendency Skewness Bar graph

Bar graph.

Which statistical test is not used to determine the difference between means of independent groups? Chi-square test Anova Z-test T-test

Chi-square test is not used to determine the difference between means of independent groups. It is a non-parametric test used to determine the association between two categorical variables.

The median is the most reliable measure of central tendency because it takes into account every value in the distribution.

False. The median is a measure of central tendency that is useful in certain situations, but it does not take into account every value in the distribution. Rather, the median is simply the middle value in a set of ordered values. In other words, it only considers the values that fall at or near the center of the distribution, ignoring the other values.

ANOVA is employed when the investigator wants to determine the degree of relationship between two variables at the ordinal scale.

False. ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) is employed to determine the degree of difference between the means of two or more groups. It is used for interval or ratio scale data.

The following statistical descriptive tools can be used to present qualitative variables such as gender, level of commitment, leadership style except, ____.

Histogram. Histograms are typically used for visualizing the distribution of quantitative data.

The variance of the data set is 12 .What is the standard deviation of the data set?

If the variance is 12, then the standard deviation would be √12 = 3.46

If the objective of the study is to determine the strength of relationship between family income and monthly savings, then the appropriate statistical tool to use is ____.

Linear Correlation is the appropriate statistical tool to use when the objective of the study is to determine the strength of relationship between two continuous variables such as family income and monthly savings.

The measure of central tendency appropriate for the data set : 25, 32, 26, 31, 30, 28, 30, 28

Mean

Which data set has the largest variance?

Mean = (12 + 42 + 11 + 45 + 15) / 5 = 25 Variance = [(12-25)^2 + (42-25)^2 + (11-25)^2 + (45-25)^2 + (15-25)^2] / 4 = 325

The type of distribution which is more flat than normal.

Platykurtic

Measure of variability that describes the average deviation of the values from the mean is ____.

Standard Deviation

When a distribution is positively skewed, the mean is greater than the median.

True. In a positively skewed distribution, the tail of the distribution extends towards the right-hand side, meaning there are more extreme values on the positive end of the distribution. This can cause the mean to be pulled towards the right and be greater than the median, which represents the middle value of the distribution.

For a particular inferential statistical test, the generated significance value is 0.027. If the level of significance is set at 5%, the action on the null hypothesis is to reject it.

True. The significance value (also known as p-value) of 0.027 is less than the level of significance of 5%. This means that the probability of obtaining the observed results by chance alone is very low (less than 5%), which indicates evidence against the null hypothesis. Therefore, the null hypothesis is rejected at the 5% level of significance.

The mode is a value in the data set, which appear most frequently.

True.

In a normal distribution, the mean is equal to the mode.

True. In a normal distribution, the mean, median, and mode are all equal to each other. This is one of the defining characteristics of a normal distribution.