MB Qs

Identify the role(s) of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in human reproduction. Select all that apply. -FSH promotes the activity of Sertoli cells, which nourish sperm developing within seminiferous tubules. -FSH stimulates the growth of new follicles in the ovary. -FSH triggers ovulation.

-FSH promotes the activity of Sertoli cells, which nourish sperm developing within seminiferous tubules. -FSH stimulates the growth of new follicles in the ovary.

Which statement about human reproduction is correct? -Fertilization occurs in the uterus. -The earliest stages of spermatogenesis occur closest to the lumen of the seminiferous tubules. -In humans, spermatogenesis and oogenesis function best at normal, core body temperatures. -A human oocyte completes meiosis after a sperm penetrates it.

A human oocyte completes meiosis after a sperm penetrates it.

Which of the following statements describing hominin evolution is/are correct Select all that apply. -Homo sapiens is the only surviving member of a highly branched evolutionary tree of hominin species. -The first hominin species evolved from chimpanzees. -Hominin species began to walk on two legs in order to free their hands to use tools.

Homo sapiens is the only surviving member of a highly branched evolutionary tree of hominin species.

The pancreas is involved in the digestion of _____. I) protein II) fat III) nucleic acids IV) carbohydrates I and III I, II, and IV II, III, and IV I, II, III, and IV

I, II, III, and IV

Which of the following is most true of sexual reproduction? -Asexual reproduction produces offspring of greater genetic variety. -Asexual reproduction is better suited to environments with extremely varying conditions. -Sexual reproduction is completed more rapidly than asexual reproduction. -Only half of the offspring from sexually reproducing females are also females.

Only half of the offspring from sexually reproducing females are also females.

The developmental precursors to the gonadal tissues of Caenorhabditis elegans uniquely contain _____. -P granules of mRNA and protein -high concentrations of potassium ions -proteins of maternal origin -T tubules for the propagation of action potentials

P granules of mRNA and protein

Which statement about human reproduction is false? -Effective hormonal contraceptives are currently available only for females. -Fertilization occurs in the oviduct. -The earliest stages of spermatogenesis occur closest to the lumen of the seminiferous tubules. -An oocyte completes meiosis after a sperm penetrates it. -Spermatogenesis and oogenesis require different temperatures.

The earliest stages of spermatogenesis occur closest to the lumen of the seminiferous tubules.

What is the "twofold" cost of sex? -The cost of finding and courting a mate -The cost of producing sexual structures and sex hormones -The higher number of female offspring produced by an asexual female

The higher number of female offspring produced by an asexual female

Which of the following statements about human evolution is correct? -Human ancestors were virtually identical to extant chimpanzees. -Human evolution has occurred within an unbranched lineage. -Modern humans are the only human species to have evolved on Earth. -The upright posture and enlarged brain of humans evolved separately.

The upright posture and enlarged brain of humans evolved separately.

Identify the roles played by human gut bacteria. -The human appendix houses mutualistic bacteria that digest cellulose. -Human gut bacteria synthesize all essential vitamins required by humans. -Ulcers are caused by the acid-tolerant bacterium Helicobacter pylori.

Ulcers are caused by the acid-tolerant bacterium Helicobacter pylori.

A human blastomere is _____. -that part of the acrosome that opens the egg's membrane -a cell that contains a (degenerating) second polar body -an embryonic cell that is smaller than the ovum -an embryonic structure that includes a fluid-filled cavity

an embryonic cell that is smaller than the ovum

During metamorphosis, a tadpoles tail is reduced in size by the process of _____. -oxidative phosphorylation -apoptosis -re-differentiation -regeneration

apoptosis

At the time of implantation, the human embryo is called a _____. -blastocyst -fetus -zygote -gastrula

blastocyst

Different types of food are eaten by various groups of animals, but it is usually true that _____. -the teeth of herbivores tend to be sharper than the teeth of carnivores -the intestines of carnivores tend to be longer than the intestines of herbivores of similar overall body size -animals typically produce enzymes that hydrolyze cellulose -cellulose digestion in ruminant mammals occurs before the ingested foods reach the small intestine -many carnivorous vertebrates house large populations of symbiotic bacteria and protists in special fermentation chambers in their stomachs

cellulose digestion in ruminant mammals occurs before the ingested foods reach the small intestine

The hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells, and the organ where this hormone is synthesized, are _____. acetylcholine and bone marrow, respectively growth hormone and pancreas, respectively cortisol and adrenal gland, respectively erythropoietin and kidney, respectively

erythropoietin and kidney, respectively

Use the following information to answer the question(s) below. For your internship at the local zoo, you have been assigned to help with the new orangutan-breeding program. Little is known about orangutan reproductive hormones, but hormone feedback cycles are often the same in closely related animals. You have been asked to use your knowledge of the interactions of human reproductive hormones to recommend injections to promote ovulation in a female orangutan when a visiting male arrives for a brief breeding visit. Refer to the paragraph on the orangutan breeding program. Which of the following hormones would you use if you want to induce ovulation in a few days? -human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) -progesterone -luteinizing hormone (LH) -estradiol (estrogen)

estradiol (estrogen)

Changes in cell position occur extensively during _____. -organogenesis, but not during gastrulation or cleavage -gastrulation -cleavage, but not during gastrulation or organogenesis -gastrulation and cleavage

gastrulation

A decrease from pH 7.4 to pH 7.2 causes hemoglobin to _____. give up more of its oxygen molecules increase its binding of H+ release all bound carbon dioxide molecules bind more oxygen molecules

increase its binding of H+

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans _____. -is composed of about 1000 cells, in which the developmental origin of each cell has been mapped -uniquely, among animals, utilizes programmed cell death during normal development -has about 1000 genes, each of which has been fully sequenced -has only a single chromosome, which has been fully sequenced

is composed of about 1000 cells, in which the developmental origin of each cell has been mapped

Which of the following statements about hominin evolution is correct? As hominins have evolved, _____. -sexual dimorphism was significantly reduced -canine teeth have increased in size -they have developed longer fingers -jaw size has increased -the foramen magnum has shifted farther back on the skull

sexual dimorphism was significantly reduced

Which of the following organs is correctly paired with its function? pancreas - starch digestion stomach - protein digestion large intestine - bile production small intestine - starch digestion

stomach - protein digestion

The primitive streak in a bird is the functional equivalent of _____. -the lip of the blastopore in the frog -the notochord in a mammal -neural crest cells in a mammal -the archenteron in a frog

the lip of the blastopore in the frog

One feature that amphibians and humans have in common is the type of gas exchange tissues. a complete separation of circuits for circulation. a low blood pressure in the systemic circuit. the number of heart chambers. the number of circuits for circulation.

the number of circuits for circulation.

The greatest difference in the concentration of respiratory gases is found in which of the following pairs of mammalian blood vessels? the veins from the right and left legs the pulmonary vein and the jugular vein the pulmonary vein and the aorta the pulmonary artery and the inferior vena cava

the pulmonary vein and the jugular vein

Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow in birds and mammals? left ventricle → aorta → lungs → systemic circulation vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle pulmonary artery vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle pulmonary vein pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle pulmonary circuit

vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle pulmonary artery

An advantage of gas exchange in fresh water, compared with gas exchange in air, is that _____. -the respiratory surface does not have to be as extensive in water -water is easier to move over the respiratory surface -ventilation requires less energy in water -water loss through evaporation across the respiratory surface can be minimized -water usually contains a higher concentration of oxygen than air

water loss through evaporation across the respiratory surface can be minimized