MBUS 5000 Test 2

David Lowrey took Spotify to court for ______ _________ ___ ____ _________

unlicensed stream of their songs

The ___________ __________ __________ states if all songs are written by an artist, the label will pay ____ cents per song with a cap of ___ songs

Controlled composition clause, 6.8, 10

_________ _______________ is when an artist offers a second album to make up for the losses of the first. Artist does not get paid until losses are made up.

Cross Collateralization

_____________ _________ are when labels finance a demo before commiting to a full deal

Development deals

___________ ________ applied for a patent for a "digital jukebox" but was denied because technology for data compression did not exist yet

Dieter Seitzer

_________ _____________ are companies that help artist get their music onto streaming services and online stores. They make their money by charging upfront fees or a percentage. The three main ones are _________, ___ __________, and __________

Digital aggregators, Tunecore, CD Baby, Distrokid

___________ _________ had a hit in Japan 25 years after its release when it was on hit Japanese TV show "__________ ________ __________." The show had been off air for 15 years but a surge in pirated clips from the show resulted in the song becoming popular

Dinosaur Junior, Gachinko Fight Club

__________ ___________ wrote a sci fi novel in 1888 that coins a music room that describes modern streaming

Edward Bellamy

____________ ___________ was the first artist to make significant profits from record sales

Enrico Caruso

_________ _________ is a notable artist that is not on streaming platforms. Prince, AC/DC, and the Beatles were long time hold outs

Garth Brooks

__________ __________ patented _______ which streamed continuous music to customers without radio and was used heavily by stores; "elevator music."

George Squier, Muzak

______________ ________ ___________ states that if an artist's album is not released in a certain amount of time, the artist can get out of the deal

Guaranteed release clause

____________ is a London based group that created iconic album covers for Pink Floyd, Led Zeppelin, AC/DC etc. They designed Pink Floyd's "________ _______ ___ ___ ________"

Hipgnosis, dark side of the moon

United pressed __________ _________'s album _______________ in 2014, and it sold 40,000 copies in the first hit which set a record and was a big hit for the vinyl resurgence. It was the "worlds fastest released record" and was recorded, pressed, and released in a little less than 4 hours

Jack White, Lazaretto

________ __________ was paranoid that pressing companies were pressing extra copies of his hits to sell, so he started ________ ________ pressing plant

Jim Bulleit, Bullet Plastics

_______ ___________ is the famous japanese sound designer

Koji Kondo

The __________ __ _______ orchestra tour is so popular that it regularly sell out large arenas worldwide.

Legend of Zelda

United helped __________ get started as they were the only company willing to give _________ __________ a line of credit. They also helped because they had ___________ __________ for their employees which was important because at the time many POC could not stay in hotels in Nashville

Motown, Berry Gordy, Motown Suite

_________ _______ _____________ is when instruments are recorded separately (_____________) and then the different recordings are able to be pieced together. This added new complexities and possibilities to recordings.

Multi Track Recording, overdubbing

A ________ __________ is a distributor who sells all records from a label to retailers

One stop

After artists become successful, the label may allow them to start producing themselves. An example of this is _________

Prince

______ bases certifications based off units shipped, not sold

RIAA

_______ _________ is a distributor who buys records in order to service to mass merch stores like Target

Rack Jobber

Def Jam Records was created by _____ ________ and it was the first independent rap label to sign a distribution deal with a major label (______________)

Rick Rubin, Columbia

______________ bought Polygram and merged with Universal

Seagrams

__________ __________ was the first "name" producer to get a royalty. He was making 1 cent per record and worked with the Monkees

Snuff Garrett

What are the 3 major record labels?

Sony, Warner, Universal

______________ is the company that records actual sales in stores. Before it, it was rare for an album to debut at #1

Soundscan

Bullet Plastics changed its name to _______ ______ and then to __________ __________ __________

Southern Plastics, United Pressing Company

_________ ___________ and ________ __________ created Hipgnosis and started by doing work for Pink Floyd since they were all friends. This led to more work through EMI Records

Storm Thorgerson, Aubrey Powell

_____ ___________ is a band that released a song titled "_______ ________" and used sounds from the game in the song

The Pretenders, Space Invader

_________ _________ __________ is located in Nashville Tennessee and is one of the best record pressing companies in the world

United Record Pressing

_____ ___________ and ______ _________ are examples of artists who created music that the record label did not approve of which led to the inclusion of "producing commercially and technically acceptable masters" in artists contracts.

Van Morrison, Lou Reed

Punk label _________ __________ used Audiam to determine that Spotify was only paying them 79% of royalties

Victory Records

A record labels 2 main jobs are to _________ and __________ masters

acquire, market

A(n) __________ is the prepayment of royalties to artists upon the signing of a contract or the delivery of masters

advance

An "______ ___ _________" is when a producer gets a cut of royalties. It is normally __-__%. Producers can also get large up front advances for albums

all in rate, 7,8

New ______ ________ emerged in 2016 and are more efficient and faster than the old machines. They are manufactured by ______ __________

digital presses, Viryl Technologies

Soundscan also receives payments from Billboard for __________ ____________ ____________

exclusive publication rights

To use a recording, Spotify must secure a __________ ____________ by either negotiating with the ______________ or by sending the ________________ a notice and paying a royalty set by law

mechanical license, publisher, rightsholder

Post Malone and 21 Savage's "Rockstar": hit #1 partly due to a ______ _________ that looped the chorus and counted as a remix

music video

A leaked document showed Spotify paid Sony $40 million in advances. Because labels get advances, catalog service payments, and equity in streaming services, they are considered _______ _________.

part owners

There are two types of online advertisements we discussed. What are they?

per click, per impression

In the 70s and 80s, billboard charts were compiled based off __________ __________ to record stores

phone surveys

The _________ is the one that submits the budget for the album to the label who must approve it. Budget is based on artists previous success.

producer

Prince's Paisley Park is an example of a _______ ________ which is a studio owned by an artists for personal use but that is also rented out to other artists

project studio

A license is made up of two distinct copyrights: _________ which is normally owned by the label and the ______________ ______________ which is normally owned by the songwriter or publisher

recording, underlying composition

Artists are paid for albums _____, not shipped. They are paid ___________ price, not retail price, and they are not paid for _______ ________

sold, wholesale, promo copies

Some artists and labels use ________ to search streaming services and identify and collect unpaid royalties

Audiam

The typical % for labels the receive from other revenue streams is ____-____%

25, 30

It costs $_______ to press 1,000 LPs and $_______ CDs in 2022

4000, 1500

Royalty rates in the 1950s was typically __%; in the 1970s, it was __%, and now it is ___-___%

5, 8, 12, 20

Major labels get paid well from streaming services because around ___% of the payments go to the rightsholder (which is typically the record label). What the artist receives is decided in the contract. Majors ___% and indies ___%. Majors is so low because it is based off of an outdated ________ _______ _________ that deals with shipping, warehousing, breakage etc for physical sales, but most music is digital now.

70, 15, 50

The rate paid to songwriters is now ____ cents per song--digital downloads have the same rate

9.1

___________ ____________ was 1 of only 2 places that produced ___________ discs, but it burnt down which resulted in a shortage

Apollo Masters, lacquer

__________ ___________ pioneered pirated music while working at Polygram. He smuggled out CDs before they were released

Bennie Glover

_______ ___________ was the first to utilize tape for his popular radio network show

Bing Crosby

___________ _____ ____ ______________ had the lowest sales for a #1 album. Physical copies were not available and proved that streamings popularity was powerful

Boogie Wit Da Hoodie

________ ____ _________ released an album titled "______ _____ _______" that had each song talk about a different video game. Each song used sounds from the game.

Buckner and Garcia, Pac Man Fever

______ and _____ are the two online piracy networks that we discussed

CDA, RNS