mcom 151 exam 2
when was the first-ever method of printing photographs created?
1839 -- the daguerreotype
when did Edison create the Kinetoscope?
1891
when did the Lumiere brothers refine Edison's technology?
1895
How long was the broadcast model of communication used?
1900-1980s
How many movies were released in the US in 2017 and where did they come from?
90 films were released from the top 6 film studios, 50 were released from other film studios, and 575 were released from indie or foreign studios, so about 720 in total.
What was the old model of communication?
Broadcast model of communication: Firm --> Content --> Medium --> Multiple audiences
How do gatekeepers regulate industries?
By creating access barriers for new people.
What are different ways that television is expanding and changing?
Cable, sports coverage, user-generated content (ex. AFV), reality TV, and premium TV shows (Ex. Sopranos, Breaking Bad) where TV takes on cinematic storytelling techniques
What is swatting?
Calling in false claims to the police
What are some examples of serious games?
CoolMathGames
What are some examples of social games?
Farmville and Townkins
What are some examples of programs that use gamification?
Fitbit (earning certain badges when you hit a certain number of steps) and Duolingo (earning badges for studying a few days in a row)
What are some things music culturally means to us?
Human beings universally respond to music as a form of expressions; it transforms out own thoughts and feelings into something tangible. It also connects us with other who are thinking and feeling the way we are. These values can be in contention w the goals of the music industry because it provides us music for these cultural reasons while primarily focused on making a profit.
What does the term "surveillance" mean in terms of journalism?
It is used in media studies by providing information about issues, events, and other developments in our society. We rely on journalists to survey the world around us and relay back useful information.
Who directed the top two grossing films of all time?
James Cameron
What were the top grossing films from 2015-2018?
Jurassic World (2015), Captain America: Civil War (2106), The Last Jedi (2018), and Black Panther (2018).
Who is being hit the hardest by streaming options?
Network TV channels such as ABC, NBC, CBS, and Fox.
What are some examples of innovation in fan support resulting from digital access to music?
Pay what you want/can albums, access to elite streaming sites, receiving digital albums w/ ticket sales, vinyl released with digital, new interactive concert experiences, and new indie music promos.
What is flaming?
Sending offensive content (like porn) to disrupt or silence someone
What are some specific ways that digital technologies and the Internet are changing the music industry?
Social media allows people to more easily distribute their music and gives fans the opportunity to interact with artists. Fans also now have different ways to show support for their favorite artists (Bandcamp, Patreon, streaming subscriptions, and traditional album sales).
Define "interactivity."
The condition or quality of communication in which simultaneous and continuous exchanges occur.
what did the Lumiere brothers do/create?
They started filming daily life and patented a more portable camera, film-processing unit, and projector
what does the level of consolidation by the three main record labels mean to the recording industry?
This level of consolidation means they are in control of what styles of music are created and released. This creates a problem for new artists who are trying to break into the industry and are not a part of these labels.
What are the top two grossing films of all time?
Titanic and Avatar.
What are the top 6 film studios in the US?
Universal, Disney, Sony, Warner Bros, Paramount, and 20th Century Fox
What are the three main record labels?
Universal, Warner Bros., and Sony
what are some different types of intuitive interfaces?
a computer mouse, keyboards, a stylus, touchscreens, and graphical user interfaces (GUIs)
what are the top four film categories for generating revenue?
adult fiction, adventure, live action, and PG-13.
what are the two primary ways movie cameras have historically been used in our culture?
capturing everyday activities and telling visual stories through cinematic techniques
define "place shift"
changing locations where people can watch movies
Define "time shift."
changing times when people can watch movies
what are some ethical concerns related to online communication?
cyberbullying, flaming, trolling, and swatting
why is the 1950s considered the Golden Age of television?
during this era, the 1st successful TV series began, many of which transitioned from radio shows. it introduced us to the episodic TV format that we still use and watch today
time and place shifts affect both ______ and _____________
film and TV viewing
What are serious games?
games created to be fun and educational at the same time
What are social games?
games that are based on social platforms and require interaction
what are some examples of time shift?
home recording systems like TiVo, DVD rentals and purchases, streaming services, smart TV apps and services, social media platforms, and the Internet
what are some examples of place shift?
home theaters, laptops & computers, and smartphones & tablets
how has video game culture affected the way we live?
it has become very mainstream and relevant in our culture; video games are everywhere, not just on consoles. we play video games on our phones, computers, TVs, and even at restaurants. video games are a HUGE source of revenue.
when was the Silent Era of films?
late 1890s-mid 1920s
define "new media."
new forms of mass media, which include video games, virtual reality, and social media platforms, that emerged because of digital technologies
how is new media significant?
new media has a much more present presence in our lives, which is why younger generations are often criticized so much
what are the cultural meanings of new media?
new media takes on cultural meaning through use.
How is place shift significant?
people are no longer restricted to movie theaters or a single TV system to watch movies or tv shows; you can watch a movie or TV show on your laptop or phone via streaming services
what was the significance of the Silent Era of movies?
people began to see the potential of film as a storytelling medium and films' unique storytelling forms began to emerge.
How is time shift significant?
people don't have to wait for a certain time to watch a movie (scheduled movies at theaters), they can do it when it fits best for them. you also are able to miss your fave tv show bc of DVR and TV channel apps.
what are some concerns people have about digital access to music?
people will download and share music w/o paying for it, streaming services will have low payouts, and audiences may not support what they can't get for free
What are three aspects that define interactivity?
person, computer, and person dialog.
What is trolling?
posting deliberately obnoxious or disruptive messages online
what are three ways interactivity affects our understanding of info, storytelling, and gathering info?
presents into in ways that encourage us to explore, learn, and grow (ex. YouTube), changes our concepts of narrative and what makes a story (ex. video games), and changes the info we gather about people interacting with us (ex. editing, improving, and/or changing news content)
What is a gatekeeper in relation to media industries?
the main source of technology for creating recorded music, of networks for distributing recorded music, and the main "brand" managers for advertising and promoting music to fans
why are intuitive interfaces important?
they allow humans and computers to interact
what do boy bands represent and how are they sold to audiences?
they are sold to audiences as cute and charming and fun. they are a guaranteed money-maker, which is why the trend will always be used by studios.
why are graphical web browsers and fast broadband important to new/interactive media users?
they made the Internet universally accessible and Broadband gave users enough space to interact with text, images, and video
what are three ways that digital technologies challenge the movie industry?
they provide affordable access to movie-making equipment and distribution platforms (digital cameras, editing softwares, and social media), time shift, and place shift
how do new media cultural meanings emerge?
through interactivity and its needs: intuitive interfaces, fast internet, and ethical standards
what has always been the goals behind the evolution of the camera?
to make cameras smaller, faster, and more affordable so they can be used by everyday people
what is the major cultural function of films?
to provide entertainment
what are the minor cultural functions of films?
to transfer information (ex. docs), record everyday life, and to exist as an art form.
What is gamification?
using game-like mechanics in non-game settings, such as earning points or badges for performing certain actions
what are different ways TV is changing in relation to advertising revenue?
we have more product placements and ad messages in episode content because we record shows and skip commercials or pay money for certain services that don't air commercials, which are the main source of TV revenue.
what does it mean to live in a visual culture?
we rely heavily on visual media to communicate different things, such as passing on info, capturing memories, and expressing original ideas
what are some ideas on how to become a good critic of recorded music today?
you have to move past your personal preferences and reactions to pop music to understand how the industry works, what roles music plays in popular culture, and look for places that use digital technology to offer something different.
