MCOM Exam 1

Tweeting and blogging are ______. A. becoming required duties for journalists B. done only by journalists of small local papers C. mostly ignored by news media audiences D. a journalism fad that has passed E. considered a waste of time by almost all news organizations

A. becoming required duties for journalists

fiber-optic cable

thin glass bundles of fiber capable of transmitting along cable wires thousands of messages converted to shooting pulses of light; these bundles of fiber can carry broadcast channels, telephone signals, and all sorts of digital codes

online fraud

Any attempt to conduct fraudulent activities online, including deceiving consumers into releasing personal information

An example of what the textbook means by narrative is _________. A. a post on a gossip blog B. a Super Bowl commercial C. All of the options are correct. D. a tweet praising a local restaurant about a recent dining experience E. a Fox News "exclusive"

C. All of the options are correct.

Which division of the book industry makes the most money? A. Reference books B. Professional books C. Trade books D. Mass market paperbacks E. Textbooks

C. Trade books

Which magazine was the foremost outlet for photojournalism in the mid-twentieth century? A. The North American Review B. Harper's C. The Saturday Evening Post D. The Nation E. Life

E. Life

An example of the way in which an online magazine might be different from a print magazine is to _____. A. All of the options are correct. B. allow readers to click on an item on a digital page and be taken to an online store where they can purchase it C. feature interactive 3-D models D. use an innovative layout that is only possible online E. feature video and audio

A. All of the options are correct.

What do the Nintendo Wii and Xbox Kinect have in common? A. All of the options are correct. B. They use various methods of motion detection as part of controlling the video game. C. They provide a much more immersive gaming experience. D. They require a gamer to move around more than game systems with traditional controllers. E. They are examples of using interactive technology to attract nongamers.

A. All of the options are correct.

Which answer best describes a reason that movie studios use the Internet to market their films? A. It is less expensive than traditional methods of marketing, such as television ads. B. People no longer see movie trailers on TV because they no longer watch television. C. It is really easy to set up a Facebook page. D. It is a guaranteed way to create a box-office hit. E. None of the above options is correct.

A. It is less expensive than traditional methods of marketing, such as television ads.

Which one of the following movies was inspired by an electronic game? A. Lara Croft: Tomb Raider B. Avatar C. Transformers D. Maleficent E. Brave

A. Lara Croft: Tomb Raider

Which of the following is a way that online journalism is redefining news? A. Newspapers can post stories online that they didn't have room for in their print edition. B. Newspapers are making huge profits from their online versions. C. Spurred by online news, newspapers are once again rapidly expanding their news staffs. D. Bloggers are taking more and more of a backseat to traditional journalism. E. None of the above options is correct.

A. Newspapers can post stories online that they didn't have room for in their print edition.

Which of the following eras of journalism best represents the historical arrival of newspapers as a mass medium? A. Penny press B. Partisan press C. Literary journalism D. Interpretive reporting E. None of the above options is correct.

A. Penny press

Why have local TV newscasts developed a similar look since the 1970s? A. Stations hired news consultants, who advised them to buy national prepackaged formats. B. Local news programs became syndicated. C. Studies showed that there was only way the news could logically be delivered to viewers. D. TV news directors copied each other. E. Technology dictated that news programs look alike

A. Stations hired news consultants, who advised them to buy national prepackaged formats.

Which of the following is one definition given in the textbook for the term media convergence? A. The consolidation of different mass media holdings under one corporate umbrella B. The appropriation of American products by foreign advertisers C. The gathering of multiple press figures at a media event such as a press conference D. A concentrated and organized stream of Internet traffic to one site for the purpose of crashing it E. None of the above options is correct.

A. The consolidation of different mass media holdings under one corporate umbrella

Which invention brought the Internet to mass audiences? A. Web browsers B. 56K modems C. Computer bulletin boards D. E-mail E. Search engines

A. Web browsers

The term muckraker _____ . A. was coined by President Theodore Roosevelt because he was angry with negative reporting B. described investigative reporters who only wrote about American institutions in a positive light C. was seen as an insult by leading investigative reporters D. described reporters who wanted to write in the simplistic and conventional style of newspaper journalism E. None of the above options is correct.

A. was coined by President Theodore Roosevelt because he was angry with negative reporting

Critics who adopt the "skyscraper" model of understanding culture worry that too much "low" culture will _______. A. prevent people from experiencing genuine art B. take meaningful and complex works of art and literature and render them trivial C. exploits classic works of literature and art D.All of the options are correct. E. restrict the audience's ability to make cultural and economic distinctions

All Of the above

Which statement about the business model of Google is true? A. Google makes the majority of its money from subscription fees. B. Google makes the majority of its money from pay-per-click advertisements. C. Google is a nonprofit organization dedicated to universal access to information. D. The majority of Google's revenue comes from selling its cloud-based word processing program. E. None of the above options is correct.

B. Google makes the majority of its money from pay-per-click advertisements.

What is vertical integration? A. The theory that media elites atop the social hierarchy can persuade the citizenry to act in certain ways B. Control of the production, distribution, and exhibition of a film or other cultural product by one company C. A system for predicting whether a film will succeed or fail at the box office D. The process a movie goes through from script to promotion E. A unionizing tactic in which all levels of movie production—from actors and directors to camera operators and janitors—are brought into a single bargaining force

B. Control of the production, distribution, and exhibition of a film or other cultural product by one company

Which of the following is generally considered the biggest threat to the future of newspapers? A. Public concern over corporate ownership B. Declining readership, especially among younger people C. Competition from radio and TV D. The rising cost of paper E. Yellow journalism

B. Declining readership, especially among younger people

Which of the following is an example of a trade book? A. Encyclopaedia Britannica B. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows C. The Eclectic Reader D. Webster's Dictionary E. The Bible

B. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows

According to the textbook, which of the following technological advances have contributed to the rise of media convergence? A. The development of Internet-capable cell phones B. All of the options are correct. C. Broadband Internet connections, which improved the multimedia capabilities of computers D. The rise of the personal computer industry in the mid-1970s E. The development of wireless networks, making it easier for people to access the Internet almost anywhere

B. All of the options are correct.

What factor had an effect on the dramatic growth in magazine circulation around the end of the nineteenth century? A. Advances in mass-production printing B. All of the options are correct. C. Lower cover price D. Dramatic growth of drugstores and dime stores E. Cheaper postal rates

B. All of the options are correct.

Which of the following is true about the growing use of "talking head" pundits on cable news networks? A. It makes an effort to target "niche" news audiences rather than a larger general audience. B. All of the options are correct. C. The return to partisan news could be seen as a return to journalistic practices of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. D. The use of pundits is a less expensive strategy for filling the twenty-four-hour news cycle. E. Pundits have charisma and opinions, but are often weak on facts.

B. All of the options are correct.

Which of the following is true about the ways studios generate revenue today? A. Studios make money by distributing movies made by independent filmmakers. B. All of the options are correct. C. Studios share box office receipts with theater operators. D. Studios get a cut from movie rentals and DVD and Blu-ray sales. E. Studios get paid to feature products in a movie.

B. All of the options are correct.

Which of the following is not one of the basic criteria of newsworthiness? A. Interest B. Consensus C. Proximity D. Timeliness E. Human interest

B. Consensus

Which of the following is the oldest printed book still in existence? A. The Bay Psalm Book B. Plato's Republic C. Wang Chieh's Diamond Sutra D. The Gutenberg Bible E. Chaucer's Canterbury Tales

C. Wang Chieh's Diamond Sutra

Which of the following statements about targeted advertising is not true? A. It is a big part of the revenue of sites like Google and Facebook. B. It is a passing fad because it is unpopular with advertisers and generates very little revenue. C. It may undermine the role of search engines to provide neutral access to information. D. It may turn search engines into ad brokers. E. Some versions read your e-mail messages to find key words that trigger specific ads.

B. It is a passing fad because it is unpopular with advertisers and generates very little revenue.

According to your textbook, what is a main reason that Hollywood tends to make films that belong in certain genres? A. Filmmakers don't like to be challenged and would rather be told by studios what kind of film to make. B. It is easier for studios to promote a film that fits into a preexisting category. C. It makes it easier for studios to find good scripts. D. It costs less money to make films that fit into a specific formula. E. All of the options are correct.

B. It is easier for studios to promote a film that fits into a preexisting category.

______ are the cultural industries that produce and distribute cultural products to large numbers of people. A. Illuminated manuscripts B. Mass media C. Oral communications D. Communities E. Modern technologies

B. Mass Media

The law that grants sweeping powers to law-enforcement agencies to intercept individuals' online communications, including e-mail messages and browsing records, is the _______. A. Child Online Protection Act B. USA PATRIOT Act C. Children's Internet Protection Act D. Telecommunications Act E. Communications Decency Act

B. USA PATRIOT Act

What is the smallest market in the book industry A. Mass market paperbacks B. University press books C. Trade books D. Religious books E. Reference book

B. University press books

Critics who view culture as a map _______. A. see the map as rigidly structured B. acknowledge that the familiar and unknown often coexist in the same song, movie, or other cultural artifact C. feel that culture was more meaningful in the "good old days" of the mid-twentieth century D. see popular culture as more innovative than high culture E. None of the above options is correct.

B. acknowledge that the familiar and unknown often coexist in the same song, movie, or other cultural artifact

Angry Birds and Minesweeper are examples of ______ games. A. action B. casual C. strategy D. role-playing E. adventure

B. casual

The game industry, as represented by the Electronic Software Association, organizes games by ______. A. visual style B. gameplay C. narrative style D. platform E. None of the above options is correct.

B. gameplay

Myst is an example of a typically nonconfrontational ______ game. A. casual B. strategy C. adventure D. action E. role-playing

C. adventure

Which of the following is a basic tenet, or belief, of conventional journalism? A. All of the options are correct. B. Reporters have a moral and ethical duty to help improve civic life. C. A free press should question the government and get both sides of a story. D. Journalists need to become activists for engaging the public in the political process. E. Journalists should help improve political discourse.

C. A free press should question the government and get both sides of a story.

Which of the following statements about audio books is true? A. Regular readers enjoy audio books during daily commutes or long drives. B. The number of audio books borrowed from libraries soared in the 1990s and early 2000s. C. All of the options are correct. D. Audio books offer a valuable service to sightless and vision-impaired readers. E. Audio books are now downloadable to iPods and other portable devices.

C. All of the options are correct

While no one owns the Internet, some businesses have had commercial success controlling parts of the Internet experience. Which of the following endeavors has/have been commercially successful? A. Designing and running directories and search engines B. Selling advertising space on the Internet C. All of the options are correct. D. Designing and providing programs that allow users to network with others over the Internet E. Providing physical access to the Internet through phone, cable, and satellite links

C. All of the options are correct.

In terms of ownership structure and business models, the magazine industry has the most in common with which other form of mass media? A. The recording industry B. The Internet C. Cable television D. Book publishing E. Movies

C. Cable television

Which of the following is not a threat to privacy of personal information on the Internet? A. Government surveillance B. Online fraud C. Digital archiving D. Cookies E. Data mining

C. Digital archiving

Which of the following is the best way to characterize the transitions between the print, electronic, and digital eras? A. Changes in the eras of mass communication had little effect on most people. B. As new technology was invented, the older forms of technology were rapidly discarded. C. In practice, the eras overlapped as newer technologies disrupted and modified older technologies. D. Each wave of newer technology came at the same time as more and more people moved from urban areas to rural areas. E. The exact lines between each era are clear.

C. In practice, the eras overlapped as newer technologies disrupted and modified older technologies.

What was the original motivation for developing the Internet? A. Popular demand for a more democratic medium of communication B. Desire for a new toy or "novelty" C. Military-government project D. Entrepreneurial ambition E. Technical innovation

C. Military-government project

Which of the following is a reason for the sharp decline in the number of foreign films released in cinemas between 1966 and 1990? A. Moviegoers asked their local cinemas to stop showing foreign films. B. Multiplexes felt foreign films posed too strong a threat to domestic films. C. Multiplexes didn't want to screen foreign titles because of their small profit margins. D. Foreign films are too highbrow for American audiences. E. None of the above options is correct.

C. Multiplexes didn't want to screen foreign titles because of their small profit margins

The three major home console makers are ______. A. Microsoft, Sega, and Sony B. Atari, Sega, and Nintendo C. Nintendo, Microsoft, and Sony D. Sony, Atari, and Nintendo E. Nintendo, Sega, and Microsoft

C. Nintendo, Microsoft, and Sony

According to the textbook, communication has passed through which five historical stages? A. Voice, pen, press, telegraph, computer B. Face-to-face, local, regional, national, global C. Oral, written, print, electronic, digital D. Ancient, medieval, Renaissance, modern, postmodern E. Speech, manuscript, book, image, information

C. Oral, written, print, electronic, digital

The two publishers most associated with yellow journalism in the late 1800s were ______. A. Penn and Teller B. Rowan and Martin C. Pulitzer and Hearst D. Hearst and Zukor E. Ochs and Pulitzer

C. Pulitzer and Hearst

What does the textbook suggest is the best way to approach media literacy and media criticism? A. Both the "learn" and "examine" options are correct. B. Examine mass media through a careful critical process. C. Replace cynical perception of the media with genuine criticism. D. Learn as much as you can so you can sit on the sidelines and criticize effectively. E. Understand the various types of media so you can participate in the process of helping them live up to their democratic potential.

C. Replace cynical perception of the media with genuine criticism.

Which of the following statements about Wiki Web sites is true? A. Wiki Web sites peaked in the early 1990s, but are now irrelevant. B. Information on Wiki Web sites is highly reliable and always accurate. C. The most notable example of a Wiki Web site is Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia that is mostly written by users. D. A small group of people closely guard the posting of information to Wiki Web sites. E. All of the options are correct.

C. The most notable example of a Wiki Web site is Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia that is mostly written by users.

Which of the following is not a reason Life and Look magazines went out of business in the early 1970s? A. They had relatively small supermarket sales. B. They were being sold for far less than the cost of production. C. Their paid circulation had plummeted, with both falling out of the Top 10 magazines in the nation. D. Advertisers were shifting their money toward television. E. Postage rates had increased for oversized magazines

C. Their paid circulation had plummeted, with both falling out of the Top 10 magazines in the nation.

Which of the following is not one of the six major film conglomerates today? A. Disney B. Universal C. United Artists D. Warner Brothers E. Columbia Pictures

C. United Artists

A cultural approach to understanding mass communication _______. A. is easier to understand because it outlines a linear flow of information from sender to receiver B. argues that gatekeepers decide which information and messages flow to the audience C. argues that diverse audiences will interpret the same information differently D. argues that diverse audiences interpret information in the same way E. None of the above options is correct.

C. argues that diverse audiences will interpret the same information differently

Advertising revenue, the lifeblood of newspaper operations, ______. A. grew rapidly once the Internet boom took off in the late 1990s B. is holding steady even as the number of newspaper subscriptions increases C. has fallen dramatically in the last few years, with Internet ad sales unable to fill the gap D. cycles through periods of increase and decrease every few years E. None of the above options is correct.

C. has fallen dramatically in the last few years, with Internet ad sales unable to fill the gap

What is the focus of online fantasy sports games? A. creating your own characters B. rooting for your local team C. making managerial decisions D. deciding which plays to use E. following the most successful real-world team

C. making managerial decisions

One of the reasons for TV Guide's popularity was that _____. A. its first issue featured Elvis B. All of the options are correct. C. many newspapers hadn't yet started publishing TV listings D. it offered lurid commentary about TV stars E. it was initially free

C. many newspapers hadn't yet started publishing TV listings

Modern journalism started to develop in the nineteenth century mainly because newspapers ______. A. realized there were two sides to every issue B. All of the options are correct. C. wanted to attract as many readers and advertisers as possible D. felt a social responsibility to tell the truth E. discovered a scientific method for covering events

C. wanted to attract as many readers and advertisers as possible

In 2012, movie fans accessed more movies through ______ than physical copies for the first time. A. DVDs B. Redbox C. Blu-rays D. digital online media E. None of the above options is correct.

D. digital online media

Penny press newspapers, such as the New York Sun, ______. A. catered to upper-class readers B. relied on subsidies from political parties C. kept newspapers mostly focused on upper-class sections of society D. favored human-interest stories E. were sold exclusively by subscription

D. favored human-interest stories

According to the textbook, books help us ______. A. understand ideas outside of our own experiences B. discover who we are C. discover what our common ties with others are D. All of the options are correct. E. discover what we value

D. All of the options are correct.

Which of the following is a way in which convergence with the Internet (online journalism) is redefining how newspapers operate? A. More and more readers go online for news rather than subscribing to a traditional paper. B. Newspapers are developing Web sites and other online services. C. Online news is speeding up the news cycle, with constant publishing pressure rather than a daily deadline. D. All of the options are correct. E. Social media can have great influence on the news that is covered by traditional newspaper operations.

D. All of the options are correct.

The first English work to be printed in book form was ______. A. the Gutenberg Bible B. The Whole Book of Psalms C. Diamond Sutra by Wang Chieh D. Chaucer's Canterbury Tales E. None of the above options is correct

D. Chaucer's Canterbury Tales

According to the textbook, what is the most popular social networking site? A. Twitter B. MySpace C. eBay D. Facebook E. Google+

D. Facebook

What is spyware and what does it do?. A. It is a way for the government to figure out if you are accessing pornography online. B. It was software developed by the Defense Department's Advanced Research Projects for spying on Russia. C. It is a computer program that lets you access secret information from sources like WikiLeaks. D. It is a computer program that is secretly bundled with other software that allows someone to collect private information. E. None of the above options is correct.

D. It is a computer program that is secretly bundled with other software that allows someone to collect private information

Which of the following is a characteristic of public journalism? A. An emphasis on human-interest stories to attract readers B. A focus on the most recent events C. It follows a "he said-she said" format for reporting news. D. Journalists not only criticize communities but try to improve them. E. The complete objectivity of reporters

D. Journalists not only criticize communities but try to improve them.

Which two developments were key to the Internet's marketability? A. E-commerce and distributed networks B. ARPAnet and microprocessors C. Moore's Law and the World Wide Web D. Microprocessors and fiber-optic cable E. ARPAnet and digitization

D. Microprocessors and fiber-optic cable

Which of the following would be okay for a journalist to accept from a news source and still avoid a conflict of interest? A. A promise of greater access to an important figure in exchange for positive stories B. A meal C. Box seats for a baseball game D. None of the options is correct. E. A train ride

D. None of the options is correct.

Select the correct historical order among the following major eras in journalism history. A. Yellow press, penny press, partisan journalism, objective news B. Objective news, penny press, partisan journalism, yellow press C. Partisan journalism, objective news, penny press, yellow press D. Partisan journalism, penny press, yellow journalism, objective news E. Penny press, partisan journalism, objective news, yellow press

D. Partisan journalism, penny press, yellow journalism, objective news

An example of a magazine that was conceived as online-only is _____. A. Time B. Entertainment Weekly C. Wired D. Slate E. TV Guide

D. Slate

Which of the following is not true about "fake" news programs such as The Daily Show with Trevor Noah and The Nightly Show with Larry Wilmore? A. addition can trace its roots back to the 1970s when Saturday Night Live started running "Weekend Update." B. Their success might be attributed in part to the audience's cynicism about politics and politicians. C. The viewers of "fake" shows find the slick, formulaic political ads and canned sound bites of local TV news stories less persuasive. D. They are simply about telling jokes and never try to express any larger truth. E. They not only satirize people in the news, but critique the news media as well.

D. They are simply about telling jokes and never try to express any larger truth.

According your textbook, what's the best indicator that e-books are here to stay? A. Amazon comes out with a new e-reader every year. B. More people own e-readers than laptops. C. None of the options are correct. D. They can host dynamic content, such as video and hyperlinks. E. The Nook saved Barnes & Noble from bankruptcy.

D. They can host dynamic content, such as video and hyperlinks.

According to the textbook, which of the following is not a big question about the future of the Internet? A. Should there be limits on personal data gathering? B. Who will have access to the Internet? C. Does copyright law apply on the Internet? D. Will there be more video games online? E. Should we be allowed to share anything on the Internet?

D. Will there be more video games online?

The first protomodern book, which used sheets of material sewn together at the edges to allow the book to be opened at any page, was called ______. A. papyrus B. an illuminated manuscript C. parchment D. a codex E. vellum

D. a codex

According to your textbook, many movies have been inspired by comics and graphic novels because ______. A. they are all about warriors and superheroes B. they are all about regular mortals C. the movie industry wants to appeal to an older, more literary audience D. they have strong stories and visual narratives E. All of the options are correct.

D. they have strong stories and visual narratives

Nickelodeons and the silent films they showed were very popular with turn-of-the-century immigrant populations because ______. A. the elaborate movie sets were visually exciting B. nickelodeons showed films in color C. popular Broadway singers were the featured players D. they provided an inexpensive escape E. they advertised outside of Ellis Island

D. they provided an inexpensive escape

Which of the following chronologies best describes the way early movie industry technology developed? A. zoetrope, narrative films, celluloid, vitascope B. zoetrope, vitascope, celluloid, narrative films C. celluloid, zoetrope, vitascope, narrative films D. zoetrope, celluloid, vitascope, narrative films E. narrative films, vitascope, celluloid, zoetrope

D. zoetrope, celluloid, vitascope, narrative films

Which of the following statements about colonial American magazines is true? A. The very first colonial magazines had difficulty catching on. B. Some magazines helped rally the colonies against British rule. C. Circulation was relatively small and typically limited to politicians, the educated, and merchant classes. D. George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, John Hancock, Paul Revere, and Benjamin Franklin all had work published in these magazines. E. All of the options are correct.

E. All of the options are correct.

Worried about the shaky financial underpinnings of print journalism, some have suggested new business models, including ______. A. having wealthy universities buy and support newspapers B. having former print reporters start online newspapers C. having wealthy Internet companies expand into the news business D. having newspapers operate as nonprofits that run on tax-deductible contributions E. All of the options are correct.

E. All of the options are correct.

According to the textbook, which of the following is not characteristic of modern journalism? A. It tends to rely on "expert" sources for information. B. All of the options are not characteristic. C. It provides little historical context in most front-page stories. D. It creates an appearance that the reporter is neutral or detached. E. It provides detailed interpretation and analysis of news events.

E. It provides detailed interpretation and analysis of news events.

What does the term digital divide refer to? A. The programming gap between using a Microsoft operating system and a system like Linux. B. The competition between software companies. C. The difference in quality between an analog and a digital recording. D. The length of time it takes for messages to travel between two continents. E. The ability of the rich to have access to the latest information technology while the poor do not.

E. The ability of the rich to have access to the latest information technology while the poor do not.

Based on the criteria a local broadcaster would use to determine newsworthiness, which of the following stories would most likely be covered? A. Two local city council members agree to spend ten dollars on a new sign for the council chambers. B. A local woman takes in a stray cat. C. People in a small foreign nation elect a new president. D. A Girl Scout helps an elderly woman cross the road. E. Two local city council members get into a heated argument over building a new statue to honor a local celebrity.

E. Two local city council members get into a heated argument over building a new statue to honor a local celebrity.

The most popular MMORPG is ______. A. Webkinz B. Rock Band C. Club Penguin D. Second Life E. World of Warcraft

E. World of Warcraft

In an effort to compete with television in the 1950s, the movie studios began making ______. A. X-rated adult movies B. summer "blockbuster" films C. big-budget family films D. documentaries E. films that dealt with such social problems as alcoholism, drug abuse, and racism

E. films that dealt with such social problems as alcoholism, drug abuse, and racism

Advertisers frequently pressure magazines to publish _____. A. gatefold covers B. more often C. color photos D. investigative stories E. more complimentary articles

E. more complimentary articles

The linear communication model can be criticized on the grounds that it _______. A. conforms too closely to the EPS model B. asserts that audiences create their own meanings from messages sent C. assumes that culture is hierarchical D. is flexible enough to describe the way consumers use the Internet E. suggests an active sender and a passive receiver

E. suggests an active sender and a passive receiver

Millions of library books are deteriorating because ______. A. the glue holding the books together is drying out B. there is too much humidity in library buildings C. the ink used in printing the books is eating through the paper D. nobody wants to take care of them E. the books were printed on acid-based paper, which is turning brittle

E. the books were printed on acid-based paper, which is turning brittle

Microprocessor

miniature circuits that process and store electronic signals, thin strands of silicone on thick binary codes travel

Amazon is the world's largest e-commerce store. True False

True

By the late nineteenth century, the availability of leisure time sparked the creation of mechanical games like pinball. Selected Answer: True False

True

book challenge

a formal complaint to have a book removed from a public or school library's collection

e-books

electronic books read on a computer screen instead of a printed page

e-commerce

electronic or commercial activity over the web

oligopoly

in media economics, an organizational structure in which a few firms control most of an industry's production and distribution resources

professional books

technical books that target various occupational groups and are not intended for the general consumer market

convergence

technological merging of media content across various platforms/business model that consolidates various media platforms under 1 umbrella

Mass Media

the cultural industries- the channels of communication- that produce and distribute songs, novels, news, movies, online computer services, and other cultural products to a large number of people.

trade books

the most visible book industry segment, featuring hardbound and paperback books aimed at general readers and sold at bookstores and other retail outlets

ARPAnet

the original Internet, designed by the U.S. Defense Department's Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)

critical process

the process whereby a media-literate person or student studying mass communication forms and practices employs the techniques of description, analysis, interpretation, evaluation, and engagement

culture

the symbols of expression that individuals, groups, and societies use to make sense of daily life and to articulate their values.

pass-along readership

the total number of people who come into contact with a single copy of a magazine