MCQ Final APUSH Test

Gerard's description of "corne" in the excerpt best reflects which of the following? A Curiosity about American Indian ways of life B Assumptions about the superiority of European culture C Inability to find uses for North American crops D Concerns about economic threats posed by North American imports

B Assumptions about the superiority of European culture

The methods used to express the ideas in the public service announcements have the most in common with those of female activists who A participated in the Second Great Awakening B engaged in Progressive Era reform movements C advocated on behalf of the Fourteenth Amendment D promoted the ideal of republican motherhood

B engaged in Progressive Era reform movements

The interaction between Cortés and Moctezuma most strongly demonstrates Cortés' A desire for increased power and status B support for the European shift from feudalism to capitalism C promotion of long-distance trade D consolidation of plantation-based agriculture

A desire for increased power and status

During the 1970s and 1980s, the New Right appealed strongly to all of the following groups EXCEPT those who were A concentrated in suburbs in the South and Southwest B evangelical Protestants C urban African Americans D afraid that the Soviet Union represented a growing menace E opposed to government intervention in the economy

C urban African Americans

Which of the following best describes the historical context that led to the program described in the excerpt? A Concerns about Nazi militarism in Europe B Debates about the wartime draft and registration with the Selective Service System C Anxieties over Soviet spying in the United States D Challenges to the United States Constitution and the Bill of Rights

C Anxieties over Soviet spying in the United States

Michael Harrington's The Other America most directly inspired support for A creation of the Environmental Protection Agency B desegregation of public schools C Great Society programs D the Social Security and National Labor Relations acts E termination of American Indian reservations

C Great Society programs

"May it . . . please your most excellent Majesty, that it may be declared . . . in this present parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, That the said colonies and plantations in America have been, are, and of right ought to be, subordinate unto, and dependent upon the imperial crown and parliament of Great Britain; . . . and [they] of right ought to have, full power and authority to make laws and statutes of sufficient force and validity to bind the colonies and people of America, subjects of the crown of Great Britain, in all cases whatsoever." The Declaratory Act, passed by the British Parliament in 1766 The actions described in the excerpt most immediately led to A Parliament strengthening its approach to generating new tax revenue in the North American colonies B major and sometimes violent conflicts emerging between the various colonial regions C a colonial convention to call for independence from Britain D Britain delegating greater authority to colonial assemblies

D Britain delegating greater authority to colonial assemblies

The Great Compromise of 1787 resulted in A a final settlement of the question of slavery B a renewal of the Articles of Confederation C the creation of a national bank D a system of political representation for the states in the federal government E a border agreement between the United States and Canada

D a system of political representation for the states in the federal government

The events discussed in the excerpt led to which of the following political changes? A Democrats consolidated political support in areas of the South that Republicans had previously dominated. B Republicans overcame divisions within their party with Ronald Reagan's election as president in 1980. C Third-party candidates won increasing numbers of electoral college votes in presidential elections. D Congress announced a bipartisan proposal for a Contract with America to regain voters' trust.

B Republicans overcame divisions within their party with Ronald Reagan's election as president in 1980.

All of the following groups of non-English colonists migrated into the British North American colonies in large numbers throughout the eighteenth century EXCEPT A Germans B Russians C Scots D Irish E Dutch

B Russians

Which of the following explanations for United States foreign policy debates after September 11, 2001, could the situation described in the excerpt best be used to support? A Some people asserted that the United States should return to isolationism. B The national security efforts to prevent terrorism were controversial. C The decision to go to war in Iraq deeply divided the American people. D Some people argued that fossil fuel dependence undercut national security.

B The national security efforts to prevent terrorism were controversial.

Which of the following contributed most directly to the trend described in the excerpt? A The implementation of protective tariffs by trading nations B The spread of computer technology and Internet use C The growth of labor unions' economic influence D The increased number and size of cities in the United States

B The spread of computer technology and Internet use

The financial programs of Alexander Hamilton included all of the following EXCEPT A funding of the national debt B nullification of all private debts to the states C imposition of a tax on distilled liquor D establishment of the Bank of the United States E assumption of all state debts

B nullification of all private debts to the states

The Civil Rights movement of the late 1960s was characterized by which of the following? A The establishment of the Back to Africa movement B A growing split between those who advocated nonviolence and those who favored more aggressive tactics to achieve civil rights C Widespread support by southern Whites who had initially resisted the movement D A sharp drop in participation and interestin voter registration drives and other equal-access efforts in the rural South E Strong support for the women's rights movement

B A growing split between those who advocated nonviolence and those who favored more aggressive tactics to achieve civil rights

Which of the following best describes the economic system that supported the Native American villages discussed in the second paragraph of the excerpt? A Seminomadic hunting B Settled subsistence farming C Trade and manufacturing of luxury goods D Migration and colonization of new territories

B Settled subsistence farming

Which of the following most shaped the events described in the excerpt? A The establishment of African slavery in the Spanish colonies B The demands of the encomienda system in the Spanish colonies C The amount of Spanish intermarriage with Native Americans D The importance of Old World crops to the subsistence of Spanish colonial subjects

B The demands of the encomienda system in the Spanish colonies

One piece of evidence Las Casas used to support his claim about Native American societies in the third paragraph is that they A did not practice Christianity B had developed large urban areas C sought friendly trading relations with the Spanish D were ignorant of Europe before they encountered the Spanish

B had developed large urban areas

Which of the following best explains a change in United States foreign policy in the years immediately after the end of the Cold War? A The United States sought to aid other nations struggling against communism. B The United States established an international financial system to aid countries devastated by war. C The United States engaged in new sorts of military and peacekeeping interventions in several countries. D The United States sought to acquire new territories outside of its existing boundaries.

C The United States engaged in new sorts of military and peacekeeping interventions in several countries.

Which of the following most profoundly transformed the lives of slaves in the South in the mid-1700s? A The reluctance of White slaveholders to move west and settle in the Ohio River valley B The growing popularity of antislavery sentiment among White Americans C The growth of a native-born African American population D The prevalence of slave rebellions on large plantations E The passage of gradual emancipation laws in the upper South

C The growth of a native-born African American population

Which of the following contributed most to the changes shown in the graph? A Loss of territory and access to natural resources B The introduction of new plants and animals C The introduction of new diseases D Warfare with Europeans

C The introduction of new diseases

Which of the following most appropriately characterizes the violence exhibited in such episodes as Bacon's Rebellion, the Boston Tea Party, Shays' Rebellion, and the Whiskey Rebellion? A Most violence occurred in urban areas. B Most violence produced no deaths. C The level of violence subsided after the American Revolution. D Violence was directed at "outsiders" or representatives of distant authority. E Most violence occurred because of the intervention of foreign powers in American internal affairs.

D Violence was directed at "outsiders" or representatives of distant authority

As originally ratified, the United States Constitution provided for A political parties B a president cabinet C the direct election of senators D an electoral college E a two-term presidential limit

D an electoral college

To make the new government viable, the first Congress of the United States did all of the following EXCEPT A organize a federal court system under the Supreme Court B draft a bill of rights and send it to the states for ratification C pass a tariff for the purpose of raising revenue D grant subsidies to encourage industrial development E establish the State Department

D grant subsidies to encourage industrial development

The British government attempted to restrict westward settlement following the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) in order to A support the fur trade east of the Appalachian Mountains B discourage immigration to the North American colonies C give French settlers time to leave Canada D minimize conflicts with Native Americans

D minimize conflicts with Native Americans

The government of the Articles of Confederation was successful in resolving the problem of how to A open British Caribbean ports to American trade B enable American citizens to trade through the port of New Orleans C overcome state-imposed tariff barriers to interstate commerce D provide for statehood for western territories E secure sufficient funds for payment of the national debt

D provide for statehood for western territories

During his presidency, Richard Nixon did which of the following? A Supported the use of busing to end racial segregation in public schools. B Intensified conflict between the United States and Japan. C Abolished the Tennessee Valley Authority. D Ended American participation in the war in Vietnam. E Created the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

D Ended American participation in the war in Vietnam.

Which of the following was the most direct effect of the changes shown in the graph? A European settlers relied mainly on indentured servants and enslaved Africans for labor. B Trade between European settlers and Native Americans expanded. C Conflicts among Native American groups became more intense. D European settlers were able to gain control over Native American lands.

D European settlers were able to gain control over Native American lands.

The purpose of the excerpt is best explained as promoting which of the following? A Withdrawing United States military support from China before the end of the Second World War B Encouraging the Chinese government to invade the Soviet Union after the Second World War C Forming a military alliance with the communists before the end of the Second World War D Negotiating a peaceful settlement in China to limit Soviet influence after the Second World War

D Negotiating a peaceful settlement in China to limit Soviet influence after the Second World War

The decision guaranteeing the rights of Mexican Americans to serve on juries most directly resulted from which of the following historical processes during this period? A The utilization of strikes to demand increased compensation B The effort to identify suspected communists in the federal government C The expansion of social welfare programs by the federal government D The use of court challenges to obtain legal reforms

D The use of court challenges to obtain legal reforms

Landsman claims that some historians might not consider the Middle Colonies a single British colonial region because the Middle Colonies A contained multiple inland waterways for commerce B were settled by ethnically diverse groups of Europeans C received European immigrants who practiced a variety of religions D had different local economies focused on Philadelphia and New York City

D had different local economies focused on Philadelphia and New York City

The 1970's and the 1980's saw an increase in all of the following EXCEPT A the influence of Christian fundamentalism B the average age of Americans C support for consumer and environmental movements D the number of women holding political office E the percentage of two-parent households

E the percentage of two-parent households

The containment policy articulated by George F. Kennan in 1947 proposed A a United States commitment to free Eastern Europe from communism B a change in United States investment policies to limit the possibility of involvement in world conflict C an all-out campaign to destabilize the Soviet Union D a plan to give Western Europe greater political power and economic independence from the United States E efforts by the United States to block the expansion of the Soviet Union's influence

E efforts by the United States to block the expansion of the Soviet Union's influence

The purpose of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 was to A ease the economic difficulties of sharecroppers and tenant farmers B provide for the distribution of surplus meat and produce to the poor C reapportion electoral districts to give farmers greater representation in Congress D expand agricultural production by subsidizing farmers E raise farm prices by limiting agricultural production

E raise farm prices by limiting agricultural production

Woodrow Wilson's statement above was made in justification of his A decision to send troops to northern Russia and Siberia after the Bolshevik Revolution B refusal to award Fiume to the Italians C insistence on "open treaties, openly arrived at" D opposition to the resolution on racial equality put forward at the Paris peace negotiations by the Japanese delegation E refusal to accept the "reservations" proposed by Henry Cabot Lodge in the Senate debate over ratification of the Treaty of Versailles

E refusal to accept the "reservations" proposed by Henry Cabot Lodge in the Senate debate over ratification of the Treaty of Versailles

All of the following contributed to the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment legislating Prohibition in 1919 EXCEPT A the continued efforts of the Anti-Saloon League B the fervor of the First World War lending patriotism to the cause of prohibition C the Progressive belief in social reform D the cumulative impact of state prohibition laws E the high death toll from alcohol-related automobile accidents

E the high death toll from alcohol-related automobile accidents

The excerpt could best be used by historians to explain which of the following historical situations? A Attempts by the United States to use its power to influence postwar peace settlements B Challenges to the economic influence of the United States as a result of the Second World War C Resistance to treaties between the United States and Asian nations by European colonial powers D Rejection of international engagement by isolationists in the United States government

A Attempts by the United States to use its power to influence postwar peace settlements

By the 1750's, the British colonies on the North American mainland were characterized by all of the following EXCEPT A disdain for British constitutional monarchy B many religious denominations C a society without a hereditary aristocracy D a growing number of non-English settlers E acceptance of slavery as a labor system

A disdain for British constitutional monarchy

The ideas in the excerpts best reflect which of the following about United States foreign policy during Reagan's administrations? A Conservatives were willing to increase government spending in order to support Cold War military interventions. B Political leaders shifted focus to provide aid in humanitarian crises rather than to directly engage in conflicts. C Military and national security priorities changed to reflect the aim to combat terrorism around the world. D The United States public widely supported sending military forces to countries to stop the expansion of communism.

A Conservatives were willing to increase government spending in order to support Cold War military interventions.

Which of the following was true of the Continental Congress in its drafting of the Articles of Confederation? A It was cautious about giving the new government powers it had just denied Parliament. B It gave Congress the exclusive right to issue currency. C It gave the national court system the power to review both national and state law. D It gave Congress control of interstate commerce. E It rejected the arguments of men like Samuel Adams and Richard Henry Lee who feared strong governments.

A It was cautious about giving the new government powers it had just denied Parliament.

All of the following contributed to discontent among soldiers in the Continental Army EXCEPT: A Most soldiers were draftees. B The soldiers feared for the welfare of families back home. C The army had inadequate arms and ammunition. D The army paid soldiers in depreciated paper money. E The army was inadequately fed and clothed.

A Most soldiers were draftees.

Which of the following most accurately describes the attitude of the Founding Fathers toward political parties? A Parties are vehicles of ambition and selfish interest that threaten the existence of republican government. B Parties are engines of democracy that provide citizens with a voice in government. C Parties are necessary evils in any republic. D In a large republic, parties are the best means of creating effective coalitions of interest groups. E A two-party system is essential to a stable republic.

A Parties are vehicles of ambition and selfish interest that threaten the existence of republican government.

"What do we mean by the Revolution? The war? That was no part of the Revolution; it was only an effect and consequence of it. The Revolution was in the minds of the people, and this was effected from 1760 to 1775, in the course of fifteen years, before a drop of blood was shed at Lexington." John Adams, former president of the United States, letter to Thomas Jefferson, former president of the United States, 1815 Which of the following is the most likely reason why Adams dates the beginning of the American Revolution to the 1760s? A Renewed efforts by Great Britain to consolidate imperial control over the colonies B The forging of American Indian political alliances with European powers C Increased involvement of colonial merchants in the Atlantic economy D The expansion of the colonial population into the interior of the continent

A Renewed efforts by Great Britain to consolidate imperial control over the colonies

Which of the following earlier trends was most similar to the pattern described in the excerpt? A The development of Atlantic world commerce in the 1600s and early 1700s B The appearance of economic cycles in the early 1800s C The restrictions on immigration in the latter half of the 1800s D The increases in worldwide tariffs during the Great Depression

A The development of Atlantic world commerce in the 1600s and early 1700s

Which of the following would be most likely to support the views expressed in the excerpt? A White males in the Sunbelt B Women in the Northeast C African Americans in the Midwest D Latinos in the Southwest

A White males in the Sunbelt

By the time of the American Revolution, most patriots had come to believe that, in republican government, sovereignty was located in A the people B Parliament C state governments D factions E a centralized government

A the people

Influential critics of the 1950's, such as David Riesman, were most concerned with which of the following aspects of the life in the United States following the Second World War? A Alienation and conformity in modern society B Schooling for the baby-boom generation C The economic responsibilities of being a world superpower D The threat to the nation form communist subversion E The spread of political corruption

A Alienation and conformity in modern society

Most archaeologists and historians believe that the first peoples who colonized the Americas came from A Asia B Africa C western Europe D Australia E the Mediterranean

A Asia

During the 1930s Black voters overwhelmingly switched from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party because A Black Americans benefited from some New Deal economic policies B the Ku Klux Klan was gaining power within the Republican Party C President Roosevelt actively pursued race reform D southern Democrats widely favored abolishing the poll tax E the Democrats promised to end Prohibition

A Black Americans benefited from some New Deal economic policies

Which of the following groups would have most opposed the goals of the speech? A British settlers B French fur traders C The king of France D Religious missionaries

A British settlers

The excerpts from Anne Hutchinson best represent which of the following developments in the Massachusetts Bay Colony in the 1630s? A Growing challenges by dissenters to civil authorities B Efforts to raise the level of education for young girls and women C Growing disagreement over the expansion of legal rights in the colonial charter D Efforts by colonial women to establish independent communities separate from men

A Growing challenges by dissenters to civil authorities

Despite its isolationist position in the 1920's, the United States government actively intervened throughout the decade in which of the following areas of European affairs? A International finance and reparations B Collective security against communism C Human rights D Resistance to fascism E Development of international cartels

A International finance and reparations

The bracero program encouraged A Mexican workers to come to the United States as temporary laborers from the 1940s to the 1960s B federal courts to protect the civil rights of Mexican Americans in the 1960s C the United States media to broadcast Latino music and movies in the 1980s D Congress to enact more restrictive immigration laws in the 1990s E Latino immigrants to pursue United States citizenship

A Mexican workers to come to the United States as temporary laborers from the 1940s to the 1960s

Governmental policies enacted during the New Deal most strongly demonstrate a continuity with which of the following earlier developments? A Progressive reformers demanded stricter regulation of the economy. B Populists attempted to get the United States to adopt the silver standard for currency. C Imperialists claimed that the United States needed to gain colonies for resources. D Nativists advocated restrictions on the number of immigrants.

A Progressive reformers demanded stricter regulation of the economy.

The concerns Addams raises in the excerpt were most directly a reaction to which of the following? A Social injustice and rising economic inequality B The expansion of government regulation of corporations C The transformation of rural society by mechanized agriculture D Fears about the growing number of immigrants in the United States

A Social injustice and rising economic inequality

Which of the following civil rights groups is NOT correctly matched with one of its leading figures? A Southern Christian Leadership Conference . . Marcus Garvey B Black Panthers . . Huey Newton C National Association for the Advancement of Colored People . . Roy Wilkins D Black Muslims . . Malcolm X E Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee . . Stokely Carmichael

A Southern Christian Leadership Conference . . Marcus Garvey

Winston Churchill's "Iron Curtain" speech helped mark the beginning of which of the following developments? A The Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union B United States efforts to counteract Soviet influence by sending troops into Eastern Europe C United States campaigns to support democratic movements in Latin America D Soviet Union efforts to extend its influence into the countries of Western Europe

A The Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union

Which of the following best explains colonial governments' reasons for signing treaties such as that depicted in the image? A The desire to prevent conflict caused by colonists' westward expansion B The determination to maintain the sovereignty of American Indian nations C The need for greater cooperation with rival European powers

A The desire to prevent conflict caused by colonists' westward expansion

French exploration of North America, as reflected in the excerpt, most directly contributed to which of the following? A The ongoing shift from feudalism to capitalism in western Europe B An economy based on agricultural surpluses in French North America C Population decline in France as a result of migration to the American colonies D Western European acceptance of the racial and cultural equality of American Indians

A The ongoing shift from feudalism to capitalism in western Europe

The pattern depicted on the graph from 1450 to 1800 best serves as evidence of which of the following? A The replacement of indigenous labor and indentured servitude by enslaved Africans in New World colonies B The development of varied systems of racial categorization in the European colonies C The effectiveness of the abolitionist movement in Europe and the Americas D The susceptibility of enslaved populations to New World diseases

A The replacement of indigenous labor and indentured servitude by enslaved Africans in New World colonies

All of the following have been cited as reasons for the dropping of atomic bombs on Japan in 1945 EXCEPT the need to A block a planned Japanese invasion of the United States B keep the Soviet Union out of the war against Japan C save American lives D demonstrate American superiority in weaponry to the Soviet Union E force the unconditional surrender of Japan

A block a planned Japanese invasion of the United States

The policy of containment, justified by George Kennan's 1947 analysis of the international situation, called for A blocking the expansion of the Soviet Union's influence B curbing United States foreign investment to limit involvement in world conflict C liberating Eastern Europe form communism D destabilizing the Soviet Union E dividing Germany into zones administered by the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union

A blocking the expansion of the Soviet Union's influence

The major objective of the antipoverty programs of Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society was to A break the cycle of poverty among poor people through education and job training B provide temporary benefits to the "new poor" during times of recession C transfer the federal government's responsibility for welfare back to the states D simplify welfare by replacing job programs with cash grants for the poor E build a socialist society in the United States

A break the cycle of poverty among poor people through education and job training

The ideas expressed in the excerpt most directly contributed to the A emergence of organizations pursuing equality for African Americans B large-scale African American migration to northern cities C expansion of legal segregation by the Supreme Court D persistence of economic discrimination based on race

A emergence of organizations pursuing equality for African Americans

During the decade of the 1960's, young people, Black people, American Indians, Hispanic Americans, and women were among the groups protesting various aspects of American society. All of the following were protested against by one or more of these following groups EXCEPT the A excessive cost of the social security system B United States involvement in the Vietnam War C marginal economic status of non-Whites D exclusion of women from the mainstream of American life E increasing bureaucratization and impersonality of American institutions

A excessive cost of the social security system

A limitation of the excerpt as evidence of the reasons for United States entry into the First World War was that it A expressed opposition to war with Germany B was given by an influential political leader C asserted that Germans supported the war D was delivered during the war declaration debates

A expressed opposition to war with Germany

The Civil Rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s successfully eliminated A legal segregation B rural poverty C substandard housing D urban riots E discrimination in hiring practices

A legal segregation

Before 1492, many American Indian cultures were strongly influenced by the A spread of corn cultivation B ravages of smallpox epidemics C regular contacts with Africa D invention of the spoked wheel E domestication of horses

A spread of corn cultivation

The ideas expressed in the excerpt most strongly suggest which of the following about how Native Americans responded to colonization? A They befriended European traders and settlers. B They resisted European efforts to repress their culture. C They suffered from European diseases to which they had no immunity. D They allied with Europeans against rival native groups.

B They resisted European efforts to repress their culture.

Which of the following best explains a reason for the end of the Cold War in the late 1980s and early 1990s? A Declining public trust in foreign policy approaches led to a withdrawal of the United States from the world stage. B Economic problems in the Soviet Union undermined its ability to control its territories and engage in international conflicts. C Efforts to expose suspected communists in the United States reduced the Soviet ability to exercise influence abroad. D The United States and United Nations joint military intervention to support South Korea halted the expansionism of the Soviet Union.

B Economic problems in the Soviet Union undermined its ability to control its territories and engage in international conflicts.

Which of the following is a correct statement about women in United States society in the years 1790-1810 ? A They attained suffrage in all states. B They were considered critical to educating good republican citizens. C They became increasingly prominent as entrepreneurs. D They owned a large share of the nation's property. E They entered professional occupations such as medicine and law in large numbers.

B They were considered critical to educating good republican citizens.

Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan were similar as presidential candidates in that both A articulated the public's desire for less involvement in foreign affairs B capitalized on their status as Washington outsiders C promised Congress increased control over domestic matters D renounced private fund-raising in support of their campaigns E had built national reputations as legislators

B capitalized on their status as Washington outsiders

The Reagan Revolution of the early 1980s entailed A tax cuts for low-income Americans and expansion of social welfare programs B tax cuts for the wealthiest Americans and increases in defense spending C a free-trade policy with European nations D national health insurance E a balanced federal budget

B tax cuts for the wealthiest Americans and increases in defense spending

The first massive migration of Black Americans from the South occurred during which of the following periods? A Immediately following the Civil War B During and immediately after the First World War C During the Great Depression D In the decade after the Second World War E During the civil rights movement of the 1960's

B During and immediately after the First World War

The map best illustrates which of the following? A Widespread intermarriage between Native Americans and Europeans B European anxieties about conflict with Native Americans C Imperial competition in North America between European nation-states D The shift of Native Americans

B European anxieties about conflict with Native Americans

Colonists from which of the following European nations generally had the most cooperative relations with American Indians? A England B France C Portugal D Spain E The Netherlands

B France

Which of the following contexts helps to explain the debate in which La Follette was participating in the excerpt? A Some Americans opposed the launching of imperial ventures for overseas colonies. B International conflict led to disagreements over the role of the United States in the world. C The earlier military victory in the Spanish-American War made the United States a leading global superpower. D The repeated episodes of economic crisis caused by credit and market instability limited United States international influence.

B International conflict led to disagreements over the role of the United States in the world.

Which of the following contributed to Hubert's criticism in the excerpt of White Americans who visited Harlem in the 1920s? A The inability of African American artists to influence popular culture B Ongoing public debates over how to improve race relations C Opposition to recruiting African American soldiers for the United States Army D Racial restrictions on the freedom of speech imposed during the First World War

B Ongoing public debates over how to improve race relations

Which of the following best explains United States foreign policy between the First World War and the Second World War? A The United States enacted an imperialist policy in order to expand the territories it gained during the Spanish-American War. B The United States followed an isolationist policy in order to avoid becoming involved in another conflict abroad. C The United States established an expansionist policy in order to revive the concept of Manifest Destiny. D The United States created a cooperative policy that attempted to resolve disputes through international organizations.

B The United States followed an isolationist policy in order to avoid becoming involved in another conflict abroad.

Which of the following post-1945 developments contributed most strongly to the discomfort that members of SDS felt? A The efforts of Congress to adopt legislation to deal with domestic social problems B The disillusionment with United States domestic values and Cold War events C The Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka decision on school desegregation D The support for collective security through international organizations

B The disillusionment with United States domestic values and Cold War events

The development depicted in the excerpt had most in common with which of the following earlier developments? A The passage of land reforms during the Civil War B The expansion of the telegraph system during the Gilded Age C The enactment of moral reform legislation during the Progressive Era D The efforts to mobilize popular support for the First World War

B The expansion of the telegraph system during the Gilded Age

Which of the following statements about the population of North America at the time of Christopher Columbus' voyages is supported by the map above? A The American Indian population was distributed uniformly throughout North America. B The most densely populated regions of North America would eventually become part of New Spain. C The most densely populated regions of North America would eventually become part of New France. D Compared with other areas of North America, relatively few American Indians lived in the Southeast. E The American Indian population was concentrated on the Great Plains.

B The most densely populated regions of North America would eventually become part of New Spain.

Beveridge's ideas in the excerpt best support which of the following positions commonly expressed at the time? A Mexico and Canada have no right to question or check United States expansion. B The right of the United States to assert power over foreign lands is God given. C The United States foreign policy has always been isolationist and reluctant to intervene abroad. D A smaller federal government was necessary to face the foreign policy challenges of the twentieth century.

B The right of the United States to assert power over foreign lands is God given.

By the end of the seventeenth century, which of the following was true of women in New England? They had begun to challenge their subordinate role in society. B They were a majority in many church congregations. C They voted in local elections. D They frequently divorced their husbands. E They could lead town meetings.

B They were a majority in many church congregations.

Which of the following best describes Landsman's argument in the last paragraph of the excerpt? A English conquests in the Middle Colonies were harsher than the conquests of other European empires in the Americas. B Toleration of religious diversity in the Middle Colonies was made a necessity because of patterns of migration. C The spread of Enlightenment values was the main reason that pluralism developed in the Middle Colonies. D The French colonies in North America and the Middle Colonies had very similar settler population

B Toleration of religious diversity in the Middle Colonies was made a necessity because of patterns of migration

Many anti-imperialists opposed the annexation of the Philippines in 1898 because they believed that A the Philippines should be returned to Spain B United States colonialism in the Philippines was incompatible with the American belief in self-determination C Philippine agriculture would be competing with United States agriculture D the Philippine government was planning an alliance with Mexico E the United States would be drawn into a war with Japan over Pacific territories

B United States colonialism in the Philippines was incompatible with the American belief in self-determination

A direct result of European exploration of North America during the 1500s and early 1600s was the A large-scale migration of American Indians to Europe B introduction of new animals and crops to North America C decline of African slavery in North America D smaller role played by Spain in European af

B introduction of new animals and crops to North America

A direct result of European exploration of North America during the 1500s and early 1600s was the A large-scale migration of American Indians to Europe B introduction of new animals and crops to North America C decline of African slavery in North America D smaller role played by Spain in European affairs

B introduction of new animals and crops to North America

An underlying cause of the Great Depression, which began in 1929, was A excessive government control of business and industry B overproduction in the manufacturing and farm sectors C the budget deficit incurred after the First World War D withdrawal of foreign investments from the United States E the implementation of free-trade policies after the First World War

B overproduction in the manufacturing and farm sectors

A significant demographic development in the two decades following the Second World War was a A decline in marriage and birth rates B rapid growth of suburbs C movement from urban to rural communities D great migration from the South and West to the Northeast E rapid increase in the average age of Americans

B rapid growth of suburbs

Trust in the effectiveness of the United States government declined in the 1970s most directly in response to the A increased power of the women's rights movement B revelation of political scandals in the executive branch C expansion of nuclear weapon arsenals D passage of civil rights reforms

B revelation of political scandals in the executive branch

Major domestic developments in the United States during President Eisenhower's two terms included all of the following EXCEPT A a rise in the gross national product (GNP) B the dismantling of New Deal welfare programs C the peaking of the postwar baby boom D the exodus of Black families from the rural South E the beginning of construction of an interstate highway system

B the dismantling of New Deal welfare programs

American writers of the 1920's have often been called the "lost generation" because they A found it difficult to get their work published B were disillusioned with the course of American life C failed to achieve fame in their lifetimes D were politically radical in a conservative era E preferred to write for a European rather than an American audience

B were disillusioned with the course of American life

Which of the following was a primary feature of social relations established in the Spanish colonies in the Western Hemisphere? A The development of a rigid racial hierarchy B The growth of friendship and cooperation with native peoples C The emergence of racially mixed populations mingling European settlers, Native Americans, and Africans D A close-knit, homogeneous society with a thriving mixed economy of agriculture and commerce based on export crops

C The emergence of racially mixed populations mingling European settlers, Native Americans, and Africans

The excerpt best reflects which of the following changes to United States society compared to previous periods? A The decline of segregationist policies in public spaces B The resistance to labor organization by corporations C The growth of a consumer culture that emphasized leisure time D The increased importance of defense industries after the First World War

C The growth of a consumer culture that emphasized leisure time

The second paragraph of the excerpt makes which of the following claims about the introduction to Europe of new crops from the Americas? A They remained relatively unpopular. B They required little labor to produce. C They stimulated economies across Europe. D They replaced traditional agricultural products.

C They stimulated economies across Europe.

Which of the following is true of American women during the Second World War? A They initiated a visible and highly vocal feminist movement. B They married younger and had more children than women did before or after the war. C Those who took industrial jobs learned new skills and earned better pay than in jobs previously open to them. D They organized labor unions and led strikes demanding better working conditions. E Aside from participating in rationing programs, women contributed little to the war effort.

C Those who took industrial jobs learned new skills and earned better pay than in jobs previously open to them.

Which of the following best describes a similarity between the arguments made by Rossinow and Berman in the excerpts? A Voters' increased approval for liberal programs changed Republican tactics. B Debates over foreign policy caused a split within the Democratic Party. C Conservatism had a widespread impact beyond the election of Reagan. D A defiant Soviet Union tested the strength of the United States military.

C Conservatism had a widespread impact beyond the election of Reagan.

The excerpt most directly reflects which of the following goals for England's North American colonies? A Developing them as a producer of manufactured goods B Aiding them in developing trade with other European nations C Integrating them into a coherent imperial structure based on mercantilism D Protecting them from American Indian attacks

C Integrating them into a coherent imperial structure based on mercantilism

"Reaganomics," or supply-side economics, led to which of the following? A A decline in unemployment and poverty B Greater tax revenues than government expenditures C Large increases in the incomes of wealthy Americans D An increase in appropriations for school lunches E Lower military expenditures than during the Carter administration

C Large increases in the incomes of wealthy Americans

Participation in the "civil body politic" referenced in the excerpt would have been most available to which of the following? A Members of the English nobility B Sailors and soldiers C Male church members D Indentured servants

C Male church members

The ideas expressed in the excerpt are most strongly situated within which of the following contexts? A The resistance to providing international humanitarian aid following environmental crises B The reaction against the signing of international free-trade agreements C The continuation of interventionist foreign policies following the end of the Cold War D The impact of global economic challenges as a result of banking failures

C The continuation of interventionist foreign policies following the end of the Cold War

In her influential 1962 work Silent Spring, Rachel Carson warned A that discrimination against deaf Americans violated civil rights laws B that many cars built in the United States were unsafe C about the dangerous impact of pesticides D that poverty in the United States threatened the overall economy E about noise pollution

C about the dangerous impact of pesticides

Roosevelt's speech was most likely intended to increase public support for A extending New Deal programs to guarantee unemployment benefits B integrating the United States armed forces C aiding the Allies in Europe during the Second World War D enhancing rights protected by the United States Constitution

C aiding the Allies in Europe during the Second World War

Hail Columbia! Happy Land! Hail ye heroes, heaven-born band, Who fought and bled in freedom's cause, Who fought and bled in freedom's cause, And when the storm of war was gone, Enjoy'd the peace your valor won— Let Independence be our boast, Ever mindful what it cost; Ever grateful for the prize, Let its altar reach the skies. Firm, united let us be, Rallying round our Liberty, As a band of brothers join'd, Peace and safety we shall find. . . . Sound, sound the trump of fame, Let [George] Washington's great name Ring round the world with loud applause, Ring round the world with loud applause, Let every clime to freedom dear, Listen with a joyful ear, With equal skill, with godlike power, He governs in the fearful hour Of horrid war, or guides with ease, The happier times of honest peace. Firm, united let us be, Rallying round our Liberty, As a band of brothers join'd, Peace and safety we shall find. Hail Columbia, popular song, 1798 Which of the following developments best explains the sentiment expressed in the first verse of the song lyrics? A The conflicts between the federal army and Native Americans on western frontiers B The resumption of commerce with Great Britain after the American Revolution C The growth among people in the United States of a sense of national identity D The partisan clash between Democratic-Republicans and Federalists

C The growth among people in the United States of a sense of national identity

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Graph Which of the following best describes an overall trend depicted in the graph for the time period between 1751 and 1800 ? A The slave trade to the North increased. B The slave trade was halted as a result of the American Revolution. C The number of enslaved Africans brought to the United States decreased. D The number of enslaved Africans brought to the Carolinas and Georgia steadily increased.

C The number of enslaved Africans brought to the United States decreased.

In 1735 the New York City trial of editor John Peter Zenger helped establish the principle that A the government had the right to punish its critics in times of war B legislators had no right to interfere with freedom of the press C an editor could not be punished for seditious libel if the editor's words were accurate D a defendant was entitled to a trial by jury E the government had no right to censor newspapers

C an editor could not be punished for seditious libel if the editor's words were accurate

"'I ordered my company to fire,' [George] Washington reported. . . . This incident . . . led to massive French retaliation and the outbreak of what was soon a world war. It raged in North America for six years, 1754-60, in Central and South America, in the Caribbean and the Atlantic, in India and the East, and not least in Europe, where it was known as the Seven Years War (1756-63). . . . Horace Walpole [stated]: 'The volley fired by a young Virginian in the backwoods of America set the world on fire.'" Paul Johnson, historian, A History of the American People, 1997 Britain attempted to pay for the debt resulting from the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) by A charging immigrants a fee to relocate to North America B selling ships from its navy to colonial merchants C increasing taxes on goods bought and sold in the colonies D sponsoring expeditions to locate valuable resources

C increasing taxes on goods bought and sold in the colonies

The excerpt would be of limited use to a historian seeking to explain the political position common in the 1990s that the United States should A help immigrants affected by international crises B recruit immigrant laborers for agricultural work C reduce the influence of new immigrant cultures D celebrate the diversity created by immigration

C reduce the influence of new immigrant cultures

"The Department of Justice will pursue the attack of these 'Reds' upon the Government of the United States with vigilance, and no alien, advocating the overthrow of existing law and order in this country, shall escape arrest and prompt deportation." The declaration above was made by A Louis D. Brandeis B William Howard Taft C A. Mitchell Palmer D Theodore Roosevelt

C A. Mitchell Palmer

Which of the following aroused the greatest controversy in the United States at the end of the Spanish-American War? A Payment of a $20 million indemnity to Spain B Humanitarian efforts on behalf of concentration camp victims C Acquisition of the Philippine Islands D Liberation of Cuba from Spanish control E Increases in the size of the army and navy

C Acquisition of the Philippine Islands

The policies passed in response to the Great Depression contributed to a change in which of the following earlier popular beliefs? A Big business should have significant influence over federal legislation. B Labor unions should have the sole power to negotiate with corporations. C Government should be noninterventionist during economic downturns. D Federal programs should contribute to the welfare of older Americans.

C Government should be noninterventionist during economic downturns.

Which of the following ways best explains how the United States attempted to influence the outside world following the conclusion of the First World War? A It established mutual defense treaties to discourage war from occurring. B It granted independence to colonies such as the Philippines to encourage European countries to end their empires. C It used trade and investment in order to maintain international connections. D It contributed to rebuilding European militaries in order to discourage invasions.

C It used trade and investment in order to maintain international connections.

Which of the following best describes a difference between Eisenhower's and Kennedy's arguments in the excerpts? A Eisenhower believed that the United States should invade communist countries, while Kennedy believed that the United States should establish peaceful relations with communist countries. B Eisenhower claimed that communism posed no threat to the United States, while Kennedy claimed that communism was a danger to the United States. C Kennedy called for an increase in spending on national defense, while Eisenhower cautioned against the effect of defense spending on democratic government. D Kennedy asserted that overseas allies were dispensable in the fight against communism, while Eisenhower warned that overseas allies were necessary to oppose communist aggression.

C Kennedy called for an increase in spending on national defense, while Eisenhower cautioned against the effect of defense spending on democratic government.

Which of the following was most responsible for bringing to an end Senator Joseph McCarthy's anticommunist campaign? A President Truman publicly criticized McCarthy. B McCarthy proved his charges of communist subversion. C Television audiences witnessed his manner of leveling unsubstantiated charges. D The federal courts issued an injunction against further accusations by McCarthy. E Cold War tensions increased in the mid-1950s.

C Television audiences witnessed his manner of leveling unsubstantiated charges.

In the 1930s the Great Depression resulted in A a dramatic increase in emigration to Canada B a major migration from California to the Central Plains C an increase in the number of transient people searching for work D a dramatic increase in the number of foreign immigrants E a significant increase in the birth rate

C an increase in the number of transient people searching for work

Political conservatives in the 1960s and 1970s generally reacted to developments in United States foreign policy by A demanding a return to United States diplomatic isolationism B encouraging the United States to leave all military alliances C calling for a more assertive economic and military presence abroad by the United States D supporting United States involvement in international peacekeeping missions

C calling for a more assertive economic and military presence abroad by the United States

Beveridge's speech was written in the context of A war with Great Britain during the James Madison administration B efforts to gain concessions from Mexico through conflict C debates in the aftermath of war with Spain D the decision to avoid war with France during the John Adams administration

C debates in the aftermath of war with Spain

The ideas expressed in the excerpt were most directly motivated by the A tensions created by the outcome of the First World War B desire to export more agricultural goods to Europe C devastation left by the Second World War D concerns about the need for mass mobilization in future conflicts

C devastation left by the Second World War

The American home front in the Second World War is best described as A politically divided over the wisdom of the American war effort B unaffected by ethnic and racial tensions C economically invigorated by military spending D rededicated to the reform efforts of the New Deal E demoralized by food shortages

C economically invigorated by military spending

The LEAST prosperous group in the 1920s consisted of A workers in older industries like steel and railroads B workers in newer industries like radio and automobiles C farmers in the Midwest and the South D skilled workers threatened by new laborsaving technologies E workers in service industries

C farmers in the Midwest and the South

The unanimous Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka stated that segregated schools were unconstitutional because A parallel school systems for White and Black children resulted in wasteful duplication of government services B the Soviet Sputnik satellite made it clear that the segregated public school system had contributed to the decline of scientific skills in the United States C separation of students based solely on race constituted inherently unequal treatment D racial injustice made it difficult for the United States to appeal to peoples of recently decolonized countries in Africa and Asia during the Cold War E the Court could no longer tolerate southern senators' filibustering of civil rights legislation

C separation of students based solely on race constituted inherently unequal treatment

The Free Speech Movement (FSM), the National Organization for Women (NOW), and the American Indian Movement (AIM) were all largely influenced by the A writings of the Beat Generation B strategies of union organizers C tactics of Civil Rights activists D free-market economic thinkers E liberal platform of the Democratic Party

C tactics of Civil Rights activists

Conscription policies in the First and Second World Wars differed significantly in that in the Second World War A African Americans were drafted into integrated units B conscientious objectors were not officially recognized C the draft began before the United States entered the conflict D the draft was administered at the regional and federal levels by the armed forces E exemptions were offered for a range of war-related occupations

C the draft began before the United States entered the conflict

The principles on human rights articulated by President Bush are most similar to A the ideas expressed by President George Washington in his 1796 Farewell Address B President James K. Polk's support for Manifest Destiny in the 1840s C the ideas expressed by President Woodrow Wilson during and after the First World War D President Ronald Reagan's support for reinvigoration of anticommunism in the 1980s

C the ideas expressed by President Woodrow Wilson during and after the First World War

Which of the following evidence could best be used to support Gitlin's argument in the excerpt? A European efforts to arm American Indians B The use of slave labor to produce sugar in Louisiana C Military conflicts between the French, Dutch, British, and Spanish D Intermarriage between French colonists and American Indians

D Intermarriage between French colonists and American Indians

Throughout United States history, which of the following groups most typically opposed the perspectives expressed in the public service announcements? A Urban political leaders B Advocates for greater economic equality C Members of organized labor unions D Business executives concerned about economic growth

D Business executives concerned about economic growth

"It was painful for me, on a subject of such national importance, to differ from the respectable members who signed the Constitution; but conceiving, as I did, that the liberties of America were not secured by the system, it was my duty to oppose it. "My principal objections to the plan are, that there is no adequate provision for a representation of the people; . . . that some of the powers of the legislature are ambiguous . . . ; that the executive is blended with, and will have an undue influence over, the legislature; that the judicial department will be oppressive; . . . and that the system is without the security of a bill of rights. These are objections which are not local, but apply equally to all the states. "As the Convention was called for the 'sole and express purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation . . . ,' I did not conceive that these powers extend to the formation of the plan proposed; but the Convention being of a different opinion, I acquiesced [agreed] in it, being fully convinced that, to preserve the Union, an efficient government was indispensably necessary, and that it would be difficult to make proper amendments to the Articles of Confederation. "The Constitution proposed has few, if any, federal features, but is rather a system of national government. Nevertheless, in many respects, I think it has great merit, and, by proper amendments, may be adapted. . . . "Others may suppose that the Constitution may be safely adopted, because therein provision is made to amend it. But cannot this object be better attained before a ratification than after it? And should a free people adopt a form of government under conviction that it wants [needs] amendment?" Elbridge Gerry, letter to the Massachusetts state legislature, 1787 In the excerpt, Gerry claimed that he did not sign the United States Constitution for which of the following reasons? A He required approval from the Massachusetts legislature. B He demanded that he be appointed to the new government. C He believed that the United States should return to British rule. D He believed the new government insufficiently protected the rights of citizens

D He believed the new government insufficiently protected the rights of citizens

Which of the following groups in the American work force has experienced the greatest percentage of growth since 1950? A Agricultural workers B Industrial workers C Unionized blue-collar workers D Service workers E Construction workers

D Service workers

The purpose of the excerpt could best be used to support which of the following explanations for why policies used to combat terrorism were controversial? A Some Americans sought to use new technologies to combat terrorism. B Some Americans believed that terrorism had no effect on United States domestic policy. C Some Americans saw Cold War policies as providing insight into how to prevent current terrorist actions. D Some Americans worried that the freedoms of United States citizens might be violated by the efforts to stop terrorism.

D Some Americans worried that the freedoms of United States citizens might be violated by the efforts to stop terrorism.

The excerpt most directly reflects which of the following trends of the 1980s? A The continued growth of the influence of liberal political ideas B The religious diversity of the Republican Party's supporters C The increasing public belief in the federal government's positive influence on society D The expanding political participation of Christian groups

D The expanding political participation of Christian groups

Hail Columbia! Happy Land! Hail ye heroes, heaven-born band, Who fought and bled in freedom's cause, Who fought and bled in freedom's cause, And when the storm of war was gone, Enjoy'd the peace your valor won— Let Independence be our boast, Ever mindful what it cost; Ever grateful for the prize, Let its altar reach the skies. Firm, united let us be, Rallying round our Liberty, As a band of brothers join'd, Peace and safety we shall find. . . . Sound, sound the trump of fame, Let [George] Washington's great name Ring round the world with loud applause, Ring round the world with loud applause, Let every clime to freedom dear, Listen with a joyful ear, With equal skill, with godlike power, He governs in the fearful hour Of horrid war, or guides with ease, The happier times of honest peace. Firm, united let us be, Rallying round our Liberty, As a band of brothers join'd, Peace and safety we shall find. Hail Columbia, popular song, 1798 Which of the following best explains the depiction of George Washington in the third verse of the song? A Washington's public advocacy for abolition B The movement to elect Washington president for life C Washington's policy of intervening in European conflicts D The popular image in national culture of Washington as a virtuous leader

D The popular image in national culture of Washington as a virtuous leader

The Taft-Hartley Act did which of the following? A Established wage and price controls during the Nixon administration B Protected American manufacturers from European competition during the Depression C Recognized the right of labor unions to establish closed shops D Limited the powers of labor unions E Created the interstate highway system

D Limited the powers of labor unions

"I have heard it asserted by some, that as America hath flourished under her former connection with Great Britain, that the same connection is necessary towards her future happiness, and will always have the same effect. Nothing can be more fallacious [untrue] than this kind of argument. We may as well assert that because a child has thrived upon milk, that it is never to have meat, or that the first twenty years of our lives is to become a precedent for the next twenty. But even this is admitting more than is true, for I answer roundly, that America would have flourished as much, and probably much more, had no European power had any thing to do with her. . . . "But Britain is the parent country, say some. Then the more shame upon her conduct. Even brutes do not devour their young, nor savages make war upon their families. . . . Europe, and not England, is the parent country of America. This new world hath been the asylum for the persecuted lovers of civil and religious liberty from every part of Europe. Hither have they fled, not from the tender embraces of the mother, but from the cruelty of the monster; and it is so far true of England, that the same tyranny which drove the first emigrants from home, pursues their descendants still." Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776 The ideas expressed in the excerpt best reflect which of the following historical processes? A The desire to fund transportation improvements to settle the interior of North America B The persistence of aspects of African culture among enslaved people C The creation of alliances between Europeans and Native Americans D The transmission of Enlightenment ideals across the Atlantic

D The transmission of Enlightenment ideals across the Atlantic

"It was painful for me, on a subject of such national importance, to differ from the respectable members who signed the Constitution; but conceiving, as I did, that the liberties of America were not secured by the system, it was my duty to oppose it. "My principal objections to the plan are, that there is no adequate provision for a representation of the people; . . . that some of the powers of the legislature are ambiguous . . . ; that the executive is blended with, and will have an undue influence over, the legislature; that the judicial department will be oppressive; . . . and that the system is without the security of a bill of rights. These are objections which are not local, but apply equally to all the states. "As the Convention was called for the 'sole and express purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation . . . ,' I did not conceive that these powers extend to the formation of the plan proposed; but the Convention being of a different opinion, I acquiesced [agreed] in it, being fully convinced that, to preserve the Union, an efficient government was indispensably necessary, and that it would be difficult to make proper amendments to the Articles of Confederation. "The Constitution proposed has few, if any, federal features, but is rather a system of national government. Nevertheless, in many respects, I think it has great merit, and, by proper amendments, may be adapted. . . . "Others may suppose that the Constitution may be safely adopted, because therein provision is made to amend it. But cannot this object be better attained before a ratification than after it? And should a free people adopt a form of government under conviction that it wants [needs] amendment?" Elbridge Gerry, letter to the Massachusetts state legislature, 1787 Arguments for creating a stronger federal government arose primarily as the result of long-term concerns about the A attempts by Great Britain to regain its former North American colonies B use of congressional funds to build road networks between the states C challenge of establishing rules to allow territories to become new states D inability of the national government to maintain order under the Articles

D inability of the national government to maintain order under the Articles

"'I ordered my company to fire,' [George] Washington reported. . . . This incident . . . led to massive French retaliation and the outbreak of what was soon a world war. It raged in North America for six years, 1754-60, in Central and South America, in the Caribbean and the Atlantic, in India and the East, and not least in Europe, where it was known as the Seven Years War (1756-63). . . . Horace Walpole [stated]: 'The volley fired by a young Virginian in the backwoods of America set the world on fire.'" Paul Johnson, historian, A History of the American People, 1997 The British government attempted to restrict westward settlement following the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) in order to A support the fur trade east of the Appalachian Mountains B discourage immigration to the North American colonies C give French settlers time to leave Canada D minimize conflicts with Native Americans

D minimize conflicts with Native Americans

The role of women expressed in the cult of domesticity had its roots in A Progressive Era urban reform B mid-nineteenth-century nativism C the early twentieth-century suffrage movement D republican motherhood E the reaction against feminism after the Second World War

D republican motherhood

Five of the thirteen states voted for ratification of the Constitution only after A slavery was allowed to continue without federal interference B several slave revolts rocked the Carolinas and Virginia C they were assured that the Supreme Court would have the power of judicial review D they were assured that a Bill of Rights would be added shortly after ratification E the other states threatened to organize the government without them

D they were assured that a Bill of Rights would be added shortly after ratification

The rock 'n' roll of Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, and the Rolling Stones derived primarily from A European folk music B nineteenth-century American ballads C cowboy songs D African American rhythm and blues E Scotch-Irish ballads

D African American rhythm and blues

Which of the following has been viewed by some historians as an indication of strong anti-Catholic sentiment in the presidential election of 1928? A The increased political activity of the Ku Klux Klan B The failure of the farm bloc to go to the polls C Alfred E. Smith's choice of Arkansas senator Joseph T. Robinson as his running mate D Alfred E. Smith's failure to carry a solidly Democratic South E Herbert Hoover's use of "rugged individualism" as his campaign slogan

D Alfred E. Smith's failure to carry a solidly Democratic South

Which of the following was a similarity between Eisenhower's and Kennedy's arguments in the excerpts? A Both claimed that defense policy could threaten liberty at home. B Both declared that the United States had lost international influence. C Both called for an increase in spending on military weapons and supplies. D Both asserted that communism was a threat to the United States national security.

D Both asserted that communism was a threat to the United States national security.

The United States involvement in Vietnam increased dramatically in the 1950s with the withdrawal of the A Japanese B British C Chinese D French E Soviets

D French

The conflict described in the excerpt led primarily to which of the following changes in Spanish colonial policy? A Scaling back of the Spanish presence in North America B Widespread use of warfare to maintain control of Native Americans C Removal of Native Americans to reservations D Greater accommodation to Native American cultures

D Greater accommodation to Native American cultures

Which of the following describes Landsman's overall argument in the excerpt? A The Middle Colonies differed from French colonies because they depended on Native American commerce. B The Middle Colonies were similar to each other because they developed plantation agriculture. C The Middle Colonies were more different from each other than the English colonies in other regions. D The Middle Colonies faced similar challenges in governing diverse colonists after they became English.

D The Middle Colonies faced similar challenges in governing diverse colonists after they became English.

SDS best exemplifies which of the following? A The success of the Civil Rights movement in achieving greater racial integration B The development of new concerns about environmental pollution and the overuse of natural resources C The increased influence of conservatives who opposed expansive social welfare policies and higher taxes D The emergence of radical groups claiming that liberals were doing too little to address racial and economic inequality

D The emergence of radical groups claiming that liberals were doing too little to address racial and economic inequality

The ideas expressed in the excerpt are best situated within which of the following broader historical contexts? A The enactment of reforms meant to address issues of unemployment and economic growth B The response to innovations in technology that contributed to the growth of mass culture C The result of efforts to expand United States control of territories in the Pacific and East Asia D The impact of the transition of the United States from an agricultural to an industrial economy

D The impact of the transition of the United States from an agricultural to an industrial economy

The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine justified which of the following? A Roosevelt's involvement in settling the Russo-Japanese War B The policy of using force to subdue the independence movement in the Philippines C The maintenance of the Open Door policy in China D The right to intervene in the domestic affairs of Latin American countries E The exclusion of Japanese and Chinese immigrants from the United States

D The right to intervene in the domestic affairs of Latin American countries

Theodore Roosevelt's mediation in the Russo-Japanese War reflected his belief that United States interests were best served by A a decisive victory for Russia B a decisive victory for Japan C the acquisition of Russian and Japanese spheres of interest by the United States D a balance of power between Russia and Japan E the return of Russian and Japanese spheres of interest to China

D a balance of power between Russia and Japan

Between 1890 and 1910, the United States most strongly pursued a foreign policy promoting A isolationism in world affairs B close military alliances with Great Britain and France C a sphere of influence in Africa D commercial involvement in both Latin America and eastern Asia E a campaign to slow the spread of socialism in eastern Europe

D commercial involvement in both Latin America and eastern Asia

The quotation above contains ideas typical of A the Enlightenment B the Anti-Federalists C Quakerism D the Great Awakening

D the Great Awakening

In the late nineteenth century, all of the following encouraged American jingoism EXCEPT A yellow journalism B the New Navy policy of Alfred Thayer Mahan and Theodore Roosevelt C the example of European imperialism D the flooding of American markets by foreign producers E Social Darwinism

D the flooding of American markets by foreign producers

A Maryland master placed the following newspaper advertisement in 1772 after Harry, his slave, had run away: "He has been seen about the Negro Quarters in Patuxent, but is supposed to have removed among his Acquaintances on Potomack; he is also well acquainted with a Negro of Mr. Wall's named Rachael; a few miles from that Quarter is his Aunt, and he may possibly be harboured thereabouts." Which of the following statements about conditions under slavery is best supported by the passage above? A Slaves had no opportunity to develop their own culture and society. B Slaves commonly formed settlements of their own away from the plantations. C Slaves lived entirely independently of their masters. D Slaves frequently associated with free Black people. E Slaves maintained social networks among kindred and friends despite forced separations.

E Slaves maintained social networks among kindred and friends despite forced separations.

The 1962 book that helped launch the national environmental movement was A James Baldwin's The Fire Next Time B Michael Harrington's The Other America C Alice Walker's In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens D Jack Kerouac's On The Road E Rachel Carson's Silent Spring

E Rachel Carson's Silent Spring

Anne Hutchinson was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1637 because she A violated Puritan laws regarding marriage B advocated the inclusion of American Indians in Puritan congregations C was a Quaker who sought converts D advocated giving women full inheritance E challenged the religious beliefs of the colony's leaders

E challenged the religious beliefs of the colony's leaders

During the presidency of William H. Taft, United States policy in Latin America was driven primarily by A the administration's desire to benefit from European colonial inroads in the region B the President's goal of founding an effective Pan-American organization to deal with hemispheric issues C Congress' determination to ameliorate the hostility engendered by Theodore Roosevelt's Big Stick policy D concern for the development of democracy and the protection of civil rights in the region E concern for United States economic and strategic interests in the region

E concern for United States economic and strategic interests in the region

The United States home front during the First World War was marked by an increase in all of the following EXCEPT A tax rates on individuals and estates B government regulation of fuel, food, and transportation C employment opportunities for African Americans and Mexican Americans D participation of women in factory work, government service, and volunteer work E support of individual liberties by the Supreme Court

E support of individual liberties by the Supreme Court

The decade after the Second World War was characterized by all of the following EXCEPT A unprecedented prosperity B rapid and extensive suburbanization C a population explosion known as the "baby boom" D the growing strength of the movement for African American civil rights E widespread student opposition to the development of nuclear weaponry

E widespread student opposition to the development of nuclear weaponry