MCQB UNIT 4 # 218 to 251

222) Which of the following organs secrete hormones? (1) pancreas (2) liver (3) brain (4) adrenal cortex (5) adrenal medulla (6) thymus (7) ovary (8) testis (9) thyroid gland (10) pineal gland (a) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 (b) 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 (c) 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 (d) 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 (e) 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

(a) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

218) Hormones a) are distributed thoughout the body via the cardiovascular system. b) always cause the release of other hormones. c) are usually very short acting. d) A and B e) A, B and C

a) are distributed thoughout the body via the cardiovascular system.

240) The only hormone to target all cells to some degree is a) growth hormone (GH). b) luteinizing hormone (LH). c) insulin. d) thyroid hormone. e) none of the above.

a) growth hormone (GH).

234) The hypophyseal portal system allows a) regulating hormones to go directly from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary. b) blood from the brain to drain to the internal jugular vein. c) the blood brain barrier to include the pituitary gland. d) wastes from the brain to stimulate the pituitary. e) all of the above.

a) regulating hormones to go directly from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary.

250) Which of the following does not apply to C cells? a) They produce the hormone calcitonin. b) Their secretions assist the function of parathyroid hormone. c) They lie among the cuboidal follicle cells in the thyroid gland. d) These cells do not stain as clearly as do the follicular cells. e) They are larger than the cells of the follicular epithelium.

b) Their secretions assist the function of parathyroid hormone.

248) Which of the following describes the function of C cells? a) They lie among the cuboidal follicle cells in the thyroid gland. b) They produce the hormone calcitonin. c) Their secretions assist the function of parathyroid hormone. d) They are larger than the cells of the follicular epithelium. e) These cells do not stain as clearly as do the follicular cells.

b) They produce the hormone calcitonin.

232) Another name for the adenohypophysis is a) neurohypophysis. b) anterior lobe. c) hypophysis. d) pars intermedia. e) none of the above.

b) anterior lobe.

251) The chief cells of the parathyroid gland monitor a) calcitonin levels. b) blood calcium levels. c) blood phosphate levels. d) blood glucose levels. e) none of the above.

b) blood calcium levels.

225) All endocrine structures develop from __________ tissue. a) muscle b) epithelial c) neural d) connective e) none of the above

b) epithelial

227) Negative feedback on a releasing hormone by the presence of a peripheral hormone is an example of which type of endocrine reflex? a) inhibitory b) hormonal c) central d) humoral e) neural

b) hormonal

235) Another name for the posterior lobe of the pituitary is a) adenohypophysis. b) neurohypophysis. c) pars intermedia. d) hypophysis. e) none of the above.

b) neurohypophysis.

228) Which of the following is an example of positive feedback? a) release of PTH in response to low calcium levels b) release of oxytocin in response to uterine contractions c) release of insulin in response to high blood sugar d) release of insulin in response to low blood sugar e) ADH release due to low blood pressure

b) release of oxytocin in response to uterine contractions

244) The thyroid gland is located just anterior to the a) esophagus. b) trachea. c) larynx. d) spinal column. e) heart.

b) trachea.

243) A rise in the concentration of electrolytes in the blood or a fall in blood volume or pressure causes the posterior pituitary to release a) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). b) luteinizing hormone (LH). c) antidiuretic hormone (ADH). d) oxytocin (OT). e) growth hormone (GH).

c) antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

226) Most endocrine reflexes are controlled by a) the nervous system. b) autoregulation. c) negative feedback. d) positive feedback. e) all of the above.

c) negative feedback.

233) The anterior pituitary can be divided into three regions: a) supraoptic, suprachiasmatic, and paraventricular nuclei. b) adenohypophysis, hypophyseal portal, and neurohypophysis. c) pars distalis, pars tuberalis, and pars intermedia. d) neurohypophysis, infundibulum, and adenohypophysis. e) none of the above.

c) pars distalis, pars tuberalis, and pars intermedia.

237) Hormones released into the interstitial fluid by the anterior pituitary enter the circulation easily because a) they are brought through the choroid plexus by active transport. b) a strong countercurrent mechanism maintains a concentration gradient that draws them in. c) the adjacent capillaries are fenestrated to permit passage of large molecules into the circulation. d) they pass easily through the infundibulum. e) of none of the above.

c) the adjacent capillaries are fenestrated to permit passage of large molecules into the circulation.

224) ____________ is/are both endocrine and nervous in function. a) the suprarenal medullae b) the hypothalamus c) the thymus d) A and B e) A, B, and C

d) A and B

236) The two hormones released by the neurohypophysis are a) estrogen and progesterone. b) thyroid hormone and somatotropin. c) GH and prolactin. d) ADH and oxytocin. e) none of the above.

d) ADH and oxytocin.

229) Hypothalamic centers regulate nervous and endocrine system activities by a) secreting regulatory hormones to control pituitary gland activities. b) acting as an endocrine organ, releasing ADH and oxytocin. c) direct control over endocrine cells. d) all of the above. e) none of the above.

d) all of the above

221) A lipid that has been implicated in causing heart and blood vessel problems, but is necessary for the production of corticosteroids, is a) aldosterone. b) unsaturated fat. c) sugar. d) cholesterol. e) none of the above.

d) cholesterol.

230) Changes in the composition of extracellular fluid constitute a) hormonal stimuli. b) endocrine reflexes. c) neural stimuli. d) humoral stimuli. e) none of the above.

d) humoral stimuli.

238) Releasing hormones (RH) directly cause a) increased pancreatic secretion. b) an increase in thyroid function. c) androgen secretion. d) increased secretion from the anterior pituitary. e) all types of hormones to increase secretion.

d) increased secretion from the anterior pituitary.

223) The cells of the endocrine and nervous systems work together to a) provide long-lasting effects on a systemic basis. b) affect target organs, which are restricted to nerve, gland, muscle, and fat cells. c) provide gradual onset of the systemic effects. d) monitor and adjust physiological activities in the body at any given moment. e) provide widespread physiological effects throughout the body.

d) monitor and adjust physiological activities in the body at any given moment.

241) Gigantism and acromegaly occur as a result of a) overproduction of parathyroid hormone. b) insufficient secretion of epinephrine. c) overproduction of mineralocorticoids. d) overproduction of growth hormone. e) insufficient production of estrogen.

d) overproduction of growth hormone.

247) Which gland stores its hormone extracellularly? a) adrenal cortex b) kidney c) pancreas d) thyroid e) pituitary

d) thyroid

220) Amino acid derivative hormones and closely related compounds are structurally similar to individual amino acids, and include a) catecholamines and thyroid hormones. b) lipids. c) melatonin. d) norepinephrine. e) A, C, and D.

e) A, C, and D.

219) Based on chemical structure, hormones may be labeled as a) amino acid derivatives. b) peptide hormones. c) steroid hormones. d) eicosanoids. e) all of the above

e) all of the above

231) Hormones can alter cellular operations by changing a) the quantities of enzymes. b) the activities of enzymes in the cell. c) the types of enzymes in the cell. d) DNA expression. e) all of the above.

e) all of the above.

246) Which of the following hormones contains iodine in its structure? a) angiotensin I b) thyroxine c) triiodothyronine d) erythropoietin e) both B and C

e) both B and C

249) Which hormone decreases the concentration of calcium ions in body fluids? a) thymosin b) thyroxin c) triiodothyronine d) parathyroid hormone e) calcitonin

e) calcitonin

239) Which hormone stimulates egg development and the secretion of estrogens by ovarian cells? a) oxytocin (OT) b) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) c) luteinizing hormone (LH) d) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) e) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

e) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

245) The lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by the a) cortex. b) medulla. c) thyroid chiasm. d) infundibulum. e) isthmus.

e) isthmus.

242) ADH is manufactured by the a) suprachiasmatic nucleus. b) paraventricular nucleus. c) posterior pituitary. d) anterior pituitary. e) supraoptic nucleus.

e) supraoptic nucleus.