MDSE 2350 Final
Which of the following is the term used to describe a topic for a fashion forecast that has a unifying and dominant idea?
A theme
How may pattern be added to a fabric?
All of the above
Why is it important to study the psychological influences?
Because this explains why people wear clothes.
When color changes from season to season, it is called:
Color evolution
How colors are used in patterns, prints, or ensembles is referred to as:
Color harmonies
Fashion bloggers have little effect on the future of talented young designers.
False
Fashion forecasters are looking for emerging trends in the rise stage of the fashion cycle.
False
Which of the following is an example of a company offering supply chain management?
Li & Fung
At which of the following stages of the fashion cycle is there a lack of interest in the trend and the customer won't buy at any price?
Obsolescence
An off-price retailer is a form of
Specialty store
The type of retail store that focuses only on apparel sales is a:
Specialty store
More than 25 percent of the U.S. population purchases most of their apparel at mass merchandisers.
True
An example of a psychographic tool is:
VALS
What are the two parts of a final forecast?
Visual and written
Recent analysis has identified the following underserved niche market(s):
Women in the 50-plus age group Plus-size women Petite-size women All of the above
The fashion cycle is most commonly represented by a ________-shaped curve.
bell
Members of a generation are called a ____________.
cohort group
Temporary retail spaces that typically appear in vacant spaces, drawing crowds and offering unique merchandise, only to disappear or morph into something else weeks or up to a year later.
pop-up store
The process of forecasting fashion includes looking, interpreting, analyzing and__________________.
predicting
Every forecast begins with the customer.
true
What is the first question that a forecaster asks?
"Who is the customer?"
Color research begins______ before it is in the consumer market.
2 to 2 ½ years
How far out do long-term forecasters predict?
2 years to decades
Which of the following describes a style that may stay in the culmination stage of the fashion life cycle indefinitely?
A classic
Aspirational brands are:
A trend report is written based on observations, and a forecast is based on predictions
A computer system that allows someone to try on a garment to see how it looks, without the presence of the actual garment, is:
A virtual fitting room
The advantages of owning and developing private brands includes which of the following?
A, B and D. customization of merchandise for their specific customer. higher margins control the timing of markdowns
In which category are people more willing to try out a new fashion color?
Accessories
What is the principle in effect at stage 4, decline?
All fashion ends in excess.
Organizations that do specialized color forecasts include:
All of the above
PLM software applications include:
All of the above
Retail trends in today's marketplace include:
All of the above
The role of product developers is:
All of the above
Which of the following best describes where newness may be found in fabrics and trim?
All of the above
Which of the following is a design principle that uses design elements in combinations to create aesthetically pleasing looks?
All of the above
Which of the following is a type of method used for printing on materials or textiles?
All of the above
Which of the following is a type of question a forecaster must ask during the analysis phase to establish tempo or speed of a trend and the range of its impact?
All of the above
Which of the following is an example of where a forecaster might find ideas to formulate the look and silhouette ideas?
All of the above
Which of the following is considered a specialty store?
All of the above
Which of the following is one of the steps in the development of a "look" forecast?
All of the above
Which of the following is true of "Line Concept"?
All of the above
A well-defined color palette should take into consideration which of the following?
All of the above.
Which of the following is true of the HTS or Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States?
All of the above.
Which of the following is true of the price point category of "designer RTW"?
All of the above.
The computerized research method called data mining uses larger databases and is expected to contribute heavily to information for:
Analyzing performance of individual products Automatic replenishment programs Allocation of merchandise to individual stores based on sell-through figures All of the above
Which of the following best describes the items that should be used in the visual portion of a forecast to communicate "the look"?
Apparel and non-apparel images and sketches
Which of the following is one of the many differences between apparel supply chains of the past and apparel supply chains of today?
Apparel supply chains today are collaborative.
Which of the following relies on creativity to access and record personal knowledge, memory, observations, opinions, attitudes, communications, intuition, and instinct to develop a forecast?
Artistic approach
Why do some people criticize the trickle down theory as no longer relevant? Select all the correct answers.
Because the elite are no longer the only ones setting the standards of fashion. Many more people now have early access to information and products. Fashion moves much more quickly through society than ever before.
Which price point category is targeted to working women who desire well-made, classic, fashion apparel?
Better
Which of the following is not considered a source for reliable marketing and sales data?
Blogs
Which of the following is an example of an analagous color harmony?
Blue and green
A distinctive name or logo used to identify products or services is called a ________________.
Brand
________________ is defined as the value that accrues to a brand for customers, who may be willing to spend more for the promise of a brand-name product and as a corporate asset for the owners of a brand or label that reflects the consumer's image of the brand.
Brand equity
_____________ refers to the practice of expanding a brand's reach into the consumer market by launching new product categories under an already successful brand name.
Brand extension
Which of the following is true of "lifestyle brands"?
Brand offerings that go beyond the intitial apparel product line to include other product categories. Includes most or all of these categories: apparel, accessories, home electrics, soft home goods.
Who uses fashion forecasting to predict new trends?
Buyers Product Developers Retail Executives All of the above
How does a vertically integrated company seeks to consolidate and/or grow its business?
By acquiring a company at a different stage in the supply chain
How does horizontal integration help a business grow?
By acquiring another firm/competitor at the same stage of the supply chain
Why are sociological influences important to forecasters?
Changes in fashion are directly related to variations in lifestyle and attitudes of customers according to the times they live in.
Which of the following best describes the study of color related to mood, emotions, feelings, memories, and behavior?
Color psychology
Which of the following best describes a group of colors used in relation to each other to create print and pattern color combinations?
Color scheme or harmony
Which of the following is best described as a palette of colors used to identify, organize, and connect ideas and products in a forecast?
Color story
Which of the following best describes the study of color and its meaning in the worlds of art and design?
Color theory
Which of the following would not be considered in a current trend report?
Colors for s/s2016
Which describes colors that are located opposite each other on a color wheel?
Complementary colors
What are groups of consumers who share similar demographic, economic, societal, and psychological characteristics called?
Consumer segments
Wholesale brands are:
Created under a proprietary label and sold at wholesale to retailers
The seasonal trend forecast is developed by the:
Creative designers Product managers Merchandisers Any of the above
Tracking and interpreting trends for the company's target market and developing styles to be produced refers to which of the following processes?
Creative planning
Environmental scanning influences on fashion include:
Current events and sports The arts, including performing arts and popular culture Science and technology All of the above
Forecasting requires a fusion of skills; some objective and some subjective. Which of the skills below is considered objective?
Data collection
The type of retailer that has had some difficulty with apparel marketing in recent decades but is showing signs of recovery is the:
Department store
Which of the following is written or spoken text of a forecast based on nonfictional data and information about a theme?
Descriptive story
Which of the following describes the building blocks for designed products such as line, silhouette, shape, details, color, texture, and pattern?
Design elements
What is "diversification"?
Diversification is a growth strategy in which a firm expands its product mix to capitalize on brand recognition, increase sales and thus enhance efficiencies for greater profit.
The newest form of direct marketing or non-store retailing is:
E-commerce
The ongoing process of surveying a variety of resources for political, economic, social, technological, demographic, and psychographic conditions in order to gain insights into the future is called: ______.
Environmental scanning
Short-term forecasting focuses on:
Events and pop culture trends Fashion predictions for the next 12 to 18 months Cues for inspiration related to color, fabric, and silhouette looks All of the above
Which of the following best describes any chemical, thermal, or mechanical process that a fabric undergoes to alter its inherent properties?
Fabric finishing
A fashion cycle is the rate that a style or trend is adopted by the consumer.
False
Apparel purchased online is typically shipped from a retail store.
False
Costs for all textile products will probably be stable over the next decade because there are always new sources of cheap labor in the global marketplace.
False
Designers choose fabrics late in the product development cycle after they have defined the mood, the colors, and the look of the collection for the season.
False
Digital technology impacted fashion by allowing more business to be conducted over the telephone and Internet, forcing less person-to-person interaction and thus more need for business attire.
False
Environmental scanning
False
Fashion predictions are limited to clothing.
False
Global current events have no affect on fashion.
False
Globalization of the apparel industry has decreased in recent years due to the activities of the WTO.
False
Lifestyle segments are groups of consumers who are in the same stage of life, spend their time in similar ways, and share common interests.
False
Long-term forecasters seek to identify emerging movements or forces which are solely global.
False
Questionnaires and surveys can help researchers in understanding and identifying existing customers, but are of little help in understanding or identifying new customers.
False
Regional preferences for apparel are similar throughout the United States.
False
Scanning consumer fashion magazines is a primary source of fashion trends for coming seasons.
False
The most common carrier for distribution of garments is air freight.
False
The post-recessionary consumer is willing to use credit more freely.
False
Today's product development supply chain is linear.
False
Which of the following is not true of a fashion forecast?
Fashion forecasts report only current trends.
What was the impact of 'business casual' on fashion?
Fewer suits and dresses meant that new color palettes, fabrications and shapes had to be developed; it also caused a shift in attitudes towards professionalism.
Velcro, zippers, and elastic are examples of __________.
Findings
Why do forecasters do their own research and then look to others' research for comparison?
Forecasters do this in order to validate their own information. Forecasters do this to reduce the inherent risk in trend forecasting. Forecasters compare to see if their information is the same as others. All of the above
Which of the following best describes the predicting step in the development of a theme?
Foreseeing emerging trends or consumer behaviors and foretelling possible outcomes
Which color below can be described as relating to nature, growth and fertility, balance and well-being?
Green
Which is considered a "cool" color?
Green
Which of the following best describes the way finished fabric feels when handled and the properties such as its ability to recover when stretched or compressed?
Hand
An example of vertical integration is:
Hanes Brands buying a textile mill.
Which price point category includes a small group of high fashion designers in Paris, France, who meet the formal cirtieria set by the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture?
Haute Couture
Which of the following best describes the color itself?
Hue
The attribute(s) of color is (are):
Hue, value and intensity or chroma
Why is the timing of introducing a new idea or fashion crucial?
If it is too soon, it may not be accepted.
Which of the following is used to visually communicate the look of a theme on a trend board?
Image or collage of images
Which of the following must be included in a theme forecast?
Images Title Prediction Story All of the above
What is the most accurate way to describe how fashion moves?
In waves
Which of the following is false?
Industries for products such as hybrid cars or digital readers are growth industries because the markets are saturated.
Which of the following is true of the "Apparel Supply Chain"?
It is a complex network of suppliers and /or vendors involved directly or indirectly in fulfilling customer demand for apparel.
Which of the following is true of the price point category called "budget market"?
It is also known as "category killer". It is apparel found at the lowest price points.
What is a "trend report"?
It is an account written in detail based on observations from runway collections, red carpet events or street fashions.
What is "acting vertical"?
It is internal collaboration between suppliers that breaks down the barriers beween functions; it is also collaborating wtih external manufcturers and suppliers of the supply chain without owning them.
Which of the following is true of the trickle-down theory of fashion adoption?
It is the oldest theory. It is the theory the fashion is dictated by those at the top of the social pyramid before being copied by people in the lower social levels.
What is "Fashion Forecasting"?
It is the practice of predicting upcoming trends based on past and present style-related information and why a fashion prediction is likely to occur.
A niche market aims to appeal to a very narrowly focused target audience or customer. Which of the following is true of a niche market?
It may be defined along the lines of age, income, ethnicity, lifestyle or size.
What does it mean when product developers discuss the "core competency" of a company?
It refers to what the company does best.
What is 'vertical integration'?
It seeks to consolidate a supply chain by acquiring companies at other stages in the supply chain.
In a mature industry, companies compete through differential advantage. What is a 'differential advantage"?
It's a competitive edge over other companies.
What is an 'auxiliary business' in a supply chain?
It's the businesses who provide services indirectly to the product developer including design services, software providers, sourcing agents, factors (credit agents), patternmaking services, testing labs, consultants and advertising agencies.
Which of the following is an example of sneakerization?
Keds, turning it into a fashion product
Which one of the following methods of creating a fabric structure uses interlooping?
Knits
Which of the following describes a design element that has direction, width, and length?
Line
A plan that sets sales and margin goals for groups or lines within a division, includes evaluating the merchandise mix, forecasting merchandise offerings to meet merchandise budgets and planning merchandise assortments is ___________.
Line plan or range plan
The _________ portion of the forecast focuses on design elements, principles, and innovations.
Look
The only retail store in the United States which meets all the qualifications as a national department store chain is: ___________.
Macy's
The majority of garments sold in the United States today are purchased from a:
Mass merchant
Place the following generational cohort groups in order of oldest to youngest:
Matures Baby Boomers Generation X Generation Y Currently unnamed (Generation Z or C?)
Provide two examples of an artistic approach to research.
Memory Observations
Which of the following could be used by a forecaster to find ideas for themes?
Museum exhibits Architectural innovations What is in the news Cultural events All of the above
Which one of the following trade organizations conduct studies on worldwide retail data to help retailers in every segment of their particular business?
National Retail Federation
Which of the following means of gathering information is the most used and the least expensive?
Online Surveys
Provide two examples of a scientific approach which a forecaster might use:
Past trend information Historical records
While the fashion business has preferred to market to young adult consumers, which group is forcing product developers to re-evaluate their focus?
People over age 50
A type of local research that depends on records of recent purchases is:
Point-of-sale (POS) data
The newest form of retail store is the:
Pop-up store
What is the name of the leading textile show held in Paris two times per year?
Premiere Vision
Which of the following is true of "Product Development"?
Product Development is the strategic, creative, technical, production and distribution planning of goods having a perceived value for a well-defined consumer group.
PLM is the acronym for:
Product Lifecycle Management
Defining customers via lifestyle segments puts the focus on:
Profile combining demographic, psychographic, and generational data
Which of the following is the term used to describe the scale used to divide a garment into parts?
Proportion
Which of the following least describes the purpose of the narrative story in a forecast?
Provide inspirational visual images
What is the primary goal of today's product development team?
Provide products that sell for a profit
Which of the following describes the classification of customers by attitude, tastes, values, and fears?
Psychographics
One of the latest selling innovations using a two-dimensional barcode designed to have its contents read at high speeds using smart phones is called __________.
QR codes
Which of the following is not considered a natural fiber?
Rayon
Psychographics studies which of the following factors to determine how they influence consumer lifestyles:
Reference groups Life stage Activities Attitudes All of the above.
Place in order the five processes that a forecaster must use to successfully create a forecast.
Researching Editing Interpreting and Analyzing Predicting Communicating
__________ is the product numbers that identify individual products for inventory purposes by style, color and size.
SKU: stock-keeping unit
Which of the following best describes the research and collection of data using past trend information, books, magazines, current events, historical records, and new technology?
Scientific approach
The element that changes the least from season to season is:
Silhouette
The overall outline of a garment (ex: A-Line) is called the ____________.
Silhouette
Which of the following can be described by using letters of the alphabet or geometric shapes?
Silhouette
Which one of the following is true about 'sourcing'?
Sourcing is responsible for determining the most cost-efficient vendor(s) of services, materials, production or finished goods, or a combination of these at a specified quantity and service level for delivery within an identified time frame. It's hiring someone else to do what one can't do or can't do efficiently.
Demographics are:
Studies of data to divide groups into smaller segments
What is 'style'?
Style is a distinctive appearance and combination of unique features that creates a look that is acceptable at the time by a majority of a group.
Which of the following best describes a style or trend in the "rise" stage of the fashion life cycle?
Styles are copied by manufacturers and prices are reduced through changing fabrics and increased production
What is "SCM"?
Supply Chain Management (SCM) is a continuously evolving management philosophy that seeks to integrate the business functions of a supply chain with the core competencies and resources of the supply chain partners into a competitive, customer-enriching supply system.
Which of the following refers to "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future genreations to meet their needs"?
Sustainable development
____________ are sample pieces of fabric or materials collected for a forecast.
Swatches
Which of the following describes a design that is equally balanced or the same on both sides?
Symmetrical
Which of the following best describes a flexible fabric made from natural or manufactured fibers or yarns, woven, knitted, or assembled in layers?
Textile
Which of the following components is not part of the visual portion of a forecast?
The Script
"Core competencies" refers to which of the following?
The business functions that a company is best able to execute--what they do best.
______________ is the network of individuals and organizations involved in getting a product or service from the producer to the consumer.
The distribution channel
What is "branding"?
The process of planning the direction, inspiration, and energy that a brand represents.
Value, as a color attribute, refers to:
The quality by which we distinguish light colors from dark colors
Which of the following information could be provided by a fashion marketing research firm to aid in the development of a forecast?
The where, when, why, and how of consumers buying patterns Monitoring of retail through audits and the tracking of Internet purchases Monitoring of personal buying habits, demographic shifts, and consumer buying power Analysis of price, promotional incentives, merchandising methods, and distribution All of the above
Which of the following is/are true about "Short-term forecasting"?
Themes or concepts are developed, color stories are created, textile and material selections are made, and look or silhouettes are identified. is predicting trends up to two years in advance Usually developed so clients can immediately use the information to influend the creating of new products all of the above
Which of the following is true of private brand products?
They are designed, developed and merchandised for exclusive distribution by a retailer
Which of the following is true of Collaborative Supply Chains?
They are interactive networks of independent manufacturing specialists who join forces operationally to integrate complementary resources to respond to a market opportunity through the creation of a particular product.
The definition of "mass merchandisers" is:
They are retailers who specialize in selling a wide range of merchandise in great quantities at low prices.
The definition of a "specialty store" is:
They focus on a limited number of complementary merchandise categories to the exclusion of other products and offer a high level of services.
The definition of 'department store' is:
They provide deep assortments of merchandise in a variety of product lines including apparel for men, women, and children; soft goods such as sheets and towels for home; and hard goods such as home furnishings (furniture, electrics, kitchenware, etc.); offer considerably more customer service.
Which of the following must capture the spirit of the theme and at the same time be a concise but descriptive name for the theme?
Title
What is the purpose of functional finishes?
To change the performance properties of a fabric
Which of the following is the primary use of long-term forecasting?
To determine how a company may position itself for long-term growth.
Which of the following is a critical reason for identifying and understanding the way fashion moves through society?
To determine where fashion will go next To determine which trends will be accepted To determine speed of adoption To understand the profit potential All of the above
Which of the following provides valuable information to a forecaster to assist in the identification of patterns, signals,, and emerging ideas related to sales and marketing trends?
Trade organizations Government organizations In-house studies Information from sales and market research specialists All of the above
Who forecasts fashion?
Trend services and trend forecasters, Designers, Product developers
Which of the following is/are true about "long-term forecasting"?
Trends are predicted at least two year ahead but most often 5 to 10 years in advance. seeks to identify the cultural shits that represent the mood of the era, the kind of omnous thinking or high spirits that can mark an historical period. Generally used for positioning business for long term growth. all of the above.
Within the United States, what is the most common form of carrier for domestic delivery to stores?
Truck
A distribution channel is the business structure that makes products available for consumption by the consumer.
True
A target audience is a segment of the population who may adopt new products and ideas at a specific time in the future and is critical to forecasting the evolution of fashion.
True
By shopping Europe, product developers avoid knocking off one another and bring back ideas that may not be widely distributed in the US.
True
Fashion blogs are being accepted by the mainstream press as valid media coverage as evidenced by their attendance at runway shows and exclusive fashion events so they can post commentary.
True
Fashion forecasts are based on past and present trend information; this data is used to support the prediction of future trends.
True
Focus groups and surveys have been replaced with information gathered through consumer activity online and purchasing history.
True
Forecasters must track the forces that alter society.
True
Forecasters use media scanning to find unusual travel destinations, innovative and novel products, and new and unusual businesses that may influence fashion trends in the future.
True
Greater celebrity influences and changes in time availability are both examples of sociological influences affecting fashion.
True
In today's market, the practice of "masstige" or high-low price mixing of apparel products makes social class less obvious than it used to be.
True
It is important to learn about local style characteristics from all over the world because influences from different cultures and geographic locations are being assimilated into a new spirit of multicultural fashion.
True
Large private label product developers often have a trend department because of the need to coordinate the research for multiple brands within a portfolio.
True
Observing trendsetters can give forecasters important clues about upcoming ideas and offer looks for ordinary people to imitate.
True
Product development culminates in the sale and distribution of apparel products for customers.
True
Shifting ethnic and racial populations, change in leisure time, greater celebrity influences are all examples of sociological influences that could signal a change in consumer needs and preferences.
True
Signature stores give manufacturers direct retail access to their consumers at full price.
True
Technology tools such as social media and video streaming enable retailers to communicate directly with consumers in a cost-effective way.
True
The 2008 recession had the effect of forcing product developers to hold or lower prices.
True
The 80/20 principle in marketing refers to the fact that 20 percent of customers account for 80 percent of sales.
True
The apparel supply chain is classified as a mature industry.
True
The biggest challenge facing e-commerce is establishing garment fit.
True
The channel of distribution affects what products will be made as well as the aesthetics, function, quality, timing and pricing of the products.
True
The entire product development calendar is based on the delivery date for finished goods.
True
The fastest growing ethnic group in the United States today is Hispanic-Americans.
True
The goal of mass merchants is to sell in quantity at lower prices.
True
The speed of fashion change is regulated by the willingness of people to accept that change in number sufficient to make it profitable.
True
WTO ensures the free and smooth flow of trade between countries.
True
When considering a particular target market, it is wise to consider what kind of work the customer does because occupation carries certain dress expectations.
True
While women tend to buy more clothes than men, men may spend more on individual items.
True
Which of the following refers to marketing practices that use existing social networks to spread the word about a product or trend through society?
Viral marketing
Which of the following is considered a type of knit fabric that can be hand or machine produced using knit and purl stitches?
Weft knits
What type of sales information data is normally collected by a retailer?
What incentives were offered What sizes sold best How many pieces were sold When markdowns occured All of the above
When is a trend confirmed or validated?
When it is seen in the marketplace
When trying to understand a target audience, a forecaster asks:
Who is the customer? What is the customer's lifestyle? Where does the customer live? All of the above.
What kind of brands are created under a proprietary label and sold at wholesale for distribution to retailers?
Wholesale
What is the name of the finish which helps fabrics to transport moisture quickly, thus helping the fabric to dry faster?
Wicking
The largest group of consumers in the United States is:
Women
Can attitudes and lifestyles change depending on location?
Yes
Which of the following would be considered findings on a garment?
Zippers
A brand portfolio is defined as:
a collection of multiple brands managed by a single company but not necessarily recognized by consumers as related
An arrangment that grants a business partner exclusive rights to produce or sell products under a proprietary brand name is known as: _________________.
a licensing agreement
Which of the following is an example of how science or technology influences fashion?
a new fiber
What kinds of economic changes might influence fashion?
a recession more competition changes in standards of living all of the above
In what market do fads occur the most?
accessories
Black, white and grey are classified as:
achromatic
Mergers and acquisitons are more likely to be motivated by:
all of the above
The biggest issues facing retailers today are:
all of the above
An important reason for implementing PLM in an apparel company is that it:
all of the above.
What is the purpose of assigning color names to the forecast?
all the above
Which of the following best describes the role of color in positioning apparel products?
all the above
The look section of a forecast is broken into two market segments. What are they?
apparel,non-apparel
Which of the following addresses what product, how much of it, what colors, what sizes and for what delivery will be sent to the store?
assortment plan
__________ replaces one item which has sold out or is about to sell out with a different item that has similar characteristics in terms of purpose, look and price; it is used quite frequently by Zara.
attribute replenishment
Many stores have ____________ programs for fashion merchandise; these programs predetermine an agreed-upon inventory level that triggers an automatic reorder of stock.
automatic replenishment
Competing labels and/or stores that share a target customer, particularly those whose goods, services and processes are the best performing in their class refers to ______________>
benchmark brands
Which of the following color harmonies is complementary?
blue and orange
Which of the following is an example of monochromatic?
blue and pale blue
A consumer's set of assumptions and feelings about products and/or services provided under a brand name is called the ________.
brand image
A brand portfolio that is obvious to the consumer; for example, Gap Inc.'s Banana Republic, Old Navy and Gap is known as a _______________.
brand umbrella
Which of the following is not a strategy used to combat the difficult problems retailers face today and be more competitive?
catalogs and print mailers
Retail stores that share a portfolio of exclusive brands as well as centralized ownership, management, and standarized business methods and practices is called: _____________.
chain store
A style that remains in fashion for a long time is called a _____________.
classic
An exclusive collection of products designed by a branded product developer or designer for a particular retailer, reflecting the partnership between them for a specified length of time" is the definition of ________________. It is a variation of an exclusive brand where the names of both partners are included in the new exclusive brand offering.
co-branding
The decision about ________is one of the first to be made in the product development process.
color
What is the first reason people are attracted to a garment?
color
What is the range of colors used for a season called?
color palette
Which is NOT one of the differences between wholesale and private brand?
compete with each other
What might a product developer do to gather information, get a job done for free, and collaborate with consumers?
crowdsource.
At which stage of the fashion cycle is the most money made, where the trend has the most mainstream acceptance across multiple markets?
culmination
The gathering, assembling and colating of data about individuals in databases is referred to as: ___________.
data profiling
The language of forecasting tends to be:
descriptive and evocative; it paints a picture with words
In which of the following markets are new colors most likely to appear first?
designer, bridge and better
What allows product developers to collaborate with multiple supply chains, even for the same product?
digital technology
Retailing that provides products or services directly to consumers and skips over the retail store; sometimes referred to as non-store retailing, is called:__________.
direct marketing
The never-ending process of surveying a variety of resources for economic, political, social, technological, and cultural conditions for insights into the future is called:
environmental scanning
The result of a licensing arrangement between a brand owner and a retailer distribution partner, giving the retailer all rights to distribute product under that brand name in a particular product category or categories is known as _______________.
exclusive brands
A style that swiftly become popular, is widely accepted and rapidly disappears is called a _____________.
fad
A color story with two or more shades of purple in addition to fuchsia, green, and black would be considered a monochromatic color scheme.
false
A forecaster only uses artistic and inspirational senses to develop a forecast prediction.
false
Beading or shiny embellishments are never used as the focal point in evening wear because they are considered part of the inside detail of a garment.
false
Color forecasting begins a year before a selling season.
false
Color forecasting is best described as the gathering, evaluating, understanding, and interpretation of information to predict the colors for an upcoming season and is the last step in the trend forecasting process.
false
Diagonal lines draw attention to width and can create an elongated slimmer look with a sense of motion by allowing the eye to travel down the silhouette.
false
Discord is where all the design elements and principles work together to create an aesthetically pleasing design by intentionally breaking acceptable rules.
false
Global current events have no affect on fashion.
false
If an image is slightly out of focus, but it's very important to the story, it's acceptable to include the image.
false
Note cards may not be used during the presentation.
false
Primary colors can be created by mixing two or more colors together.
false
The entire story and script should be on the trend presentation boards.
false
The four parts of a fashion forecast include ideas, color, materials and the look.
false
The mood, tone, and emotional quality of the theme do not need to be compatible with the idea and the story of a forecast.
false
The more information on a board the better, even if the audience might be overwhelmed.
false
The selection of the typeface for the visual presentation has a limited role in connecting the message of the text with the concept of the theme.
false
The life span of a style or a trend is referred to as a _________.
fashion cycle
What is the smallest basic building block for most yarns and fabrics?
fiber
During the 2011 super Bowl half-time show, The Black Eyed Peas wore garments made of what type of technological fabric?
fiber optic fiber
Place the 5 stages of textile production in its usual order.
fiber, yarn, fabric structure, color, finish
The __________ _____________ of a design is the area to which the eye is drawn.
focal point
A representative group of consumers who are questioned together, usually in person, through informal conversations or through organized debates, to gather opinions about products, services, prices or marketing techniques is called _______.
focus group
What is another term used for 'long-term forecasting'?
future studies
What is the term or phrase for industries which make products that have not yet saturated the marketplace?
growth industries
The ultimate goal of fashion forecasting is to:
help businesses grow their profits.
Which strategy prioritizes the acquisition or licensing of companies or brands that make or sell similar products to expand market penetration and reduce competition?
horizontal integration
Which of the following is an example of a growth industry?
hybrid cars
On the fashion cycle, when is the speed of fashion change fastest?
introduction and rise stages
How long does the fashion cycle of a classic fashion last?
it may never end
By analyzing the ___________ of the consumer, we can know what their needs are; it refers to the typical junctures of adult life that have an impact on decision-making.
life stage
A fashion forecaster must take into account all of the following except:
logistics
The ongoing process of analyzing the sources, patterns and causes of change through the evaluation of current events in order to identify and anticipate directional shifts in business strategies, consumer behavior and lifestyle, and global dynamics is called:
long-term forecasting
A basic business function that sets advertising and promotional objectives, sales goals, gathers data relative to target customers is called _________________.
marketing
What is the term for the substance of which an item or thing is made?
material
The planning, development and presentation of the product line from concept to delivery is called:
merchandising
A plan that identifies the resources needed to meet company profit, sales and marging objectives for a specific season by company division is called _______________.
merchandising plan
Which price point is below Better and appeals to women who are price conscious and prefer functional, easy-to-care-for apparel over fashion extremes?
moderate
A relatively new field of consumer and market research that uses brain imaging and measurement technology to study how consumers assess, deliberate and choose in a variety of contexts is called:
neuromarketing
Quantitative research is:
objective related to numbers
What are the two different kinds of approaches to creating a final forecast?
objective and subjective
A retail establishment that purchases broken lots, distressed goods, end-of-season goods, and overruns at lower than wholesale prices and then passes on some of the savings to the customer is called ____________.
off-price retailer
Brand-owned stores that product developers use to broaden their customer bases as well as sell excess goods, overruns, and irregulars at discounted prices is called: ______________.
outlet store
Which of the following is not an example of direct marketing?
outlet stores
When fashion moves between two extremes, that is referred to as a ________________.
pendulum swing
____________ refers to the behavioral and emotional traits that make an individual unique; these traits are expressed through an individual's self-confidence, sociability, flexibility and emotional reactions.
personality
Besides creating the forecast, a fashion forecaster must be able to _____________ the predictions.
present and sell
The cost or price level for a category of apparel products within a price range is known as __________.
price point
Differential advantage is one way that mature industries attempt to stand out from the crowd of apparel retailers. Which of the following is not a differential advantage?
product
The assortment of product categories that a business offers for sale is known as the _____________.
product line
Determining how a garment relates to others similar to it in style, design, fabric, quality and especially price point is called ___________.
product positioning
The five elements of business success include:
product, time, pace, quantities, customer
_________ links merchandising, creative design and technical design decision to the actual construction of the products.
production planning
White can mean many different things around the world including:
purity and death
___________ refers to the group to which one belongs; they influence a person's thoughts or actions and may be determined by association, membership, aspiration or even by disassociation; they have an important influence on purchasing behavior.
reference groups
Where do fashion forecasters find fashion ideas?
seasonal fashion events Al the time on the streets big events All of the above
A firm's overall collection of garments that will be offered for sale in a specific season is called the ______________.
seasonal line
The term which refers to the percentage of merchandise a retailer sells at full price is: __________.
sell-through
The process that focuses on current and upcoming events and pop culture phenomena that can be translated into fashion trends in the next 18 months is called:
short-term forecasting
Management of the supply chain is left to which basic business function?
sourcing
Nieman Marcus and Forever 21 are examples of which type of retailer?
specialty store
Which of the following is true about the mission statement?
states the reason to be in business states the customer served
When a store sells only private brand, what may these brands also be called?
store brands
The highest level of planning in a business; developed by the firms' executive management team, links concept related to the target market and product line to the financial goals of the business; includes mission, vision and values; forms the foundation for all decisions, is called the _________.
strategic plan
This kind of testing allows retail buyers, consumers or both to view early product prototypes and offer their opinions.
style testing
______________ refers to developing fit standards, material specifications and construction specifications.
technical planning
The term "aspirational brand" refers to which of the following?
the brand a customer would like to buy but generally can't because it's too expensive higher-priced label or looks from wich a brand takes inspiration in part because its target audence admires the label or look but for economic reasons cannot afford to buy it
As a company in today's apparel supply chain, _____________ must be identified in order to maximize efficiency and maintain a competitive edge.
the core compentencies (or what they do best)
If a product developer ships by air, they are guaranteed which of the following?
the fastest speed and the most expensive
What are "Trends"?
the first signal of change in general direction or movement.
What is "customer conversion"?
the percentage of customers who complete a desired action
"Line Development" is a part of the apparel product development process; it is the second step and does which of the following?
translating line concepts into groups of garments to be delivered
The newest theory of fashion adoption is called ___________. If begins with the young members of society who often are in the lower income groups.
trickle-up
A descriptive story may include facts such as job statistics, health facts and world news.
true
A final forecast includes a visual and a written portion as well as information and inspiration.
true
A good way to understand how colors have changed, is to research past color palettes and compare them.
true
A narrative story could be about the customer in a forecast.
true
A new color is said to be "directional" when it is trend setting or trend defining.
true
A presentation may be unified by the background, layout and font.
true
A shade is a hue with black added, a tone is a hue with gray added, and a tint is a hue with white added.
true
A target market is a well-defined consumer group to which a business wishes to sell.
true
A valid forecast must be backed up with research and all sources used must be listed in a bibliography.
true
Actual fabric swatches may be scanned in and used on a board.
true
All companies who sell a product in color are clients of color forecasting and management services.
true
An actionable forecast must be plausible and detailed enough to support executive decisions on design and assortment planning.
true
Clothing worn in trend-setting locales like Saint-Tropez, Paris and New York become more and more important as fashion ideas trickle up.
true
Color cycles typically follow a bell curve like the fashion cycle.
true
Color names are a marketing tool.
true
Color sources may come from paint chips, yarns, swatches of fabrics, tear sheets, nature, packaging and any other found objects.
true
Color temperature refers to a way of describing color and the emotions certain colors incite.
true
Design elements, principles, and innovations contribute to the total look when cumulatively added together.
true
If a forecast is delivered to a live audience, the presenter should include the actual fabric swatches.
true
Millennials or Generation Y consumers are more apt to spend money on the latest technology rather than on clothing.
true
Natural fibers come already made for use from plant and animal sources.
true
Pastel pink and peach are tints of colors.
true
Poms are bundles of yarn mounted on a visual of a color palette
true
Product life cycle, competitors' color choices, consumers' spending patterns, and sales history should all be considered in the process of working for a client on a color forecast.
true
Silhouettes change periodically from fitted to less-fitted.
true
Sucessful forecasters use hard data combined with intuition to evaluate what has already happened when attempting to predict consumers' next product desires.
true
Suggesting that a forecast could happen or may happen gives forecasters flexibility and credibility.
true
The Color Association of the United States and the Color Marketing Group are large marketing organizations that forecast color directions
true
The ability to identify visual and symbolic core concepts within and across collections is one of the three forecasting competencies.
true
The conclusion of a written forecast should explain why the forecast is probable, what is fueling the prediction, and describe the societal implications.
true
The forecaster strives to explain why the changes are likely to occur because there is always a reason for the evolution of fashion.
true
The older a person is, the more they seek comfort and functionality in clothing.
true
The typical life cycle of a fashion color is three years.
true
The visual protion and the written portion of a forecast must fuse together to communicate an understandable message, produce a strong point of view, and stir emotions.
true
Through the interpreting and analyzing process, the forecaster questions why fashion looks evolve and then predicts the changes.
true
When creating a forecast, it's best to include both scientific and artistic research because it will be more effective in convincing more people.
true
When interpreting and analyzing as part of a "Look" forecast, the forecaster should consider the motivation behind the trend, the speed of the trend, and the range of the trend's impact.
true
Which of the following methods of creating a fabric structure uses interlacing of the yarns at right angles?
weaving