Med Surg Final

The nurse is monitoring a patient recovering from an emergency appendectomy. Which finding is most concerning? A. Pain at the operative site B. Absence of bowel sounds C. Abdomen rigid on palpation D. 3-centimeter spot of bloody drainage on dressing

Abdomen rigid on palpation

A patient with acute-angle glaucoma and a fractured femur who is scheduled for surgery is prescribed an opioid prn and an anticholinergic as a preoperative medication. What action should the nurse take? A.Hold the opioid. B.Contact the health-care provider (HCP).. C.Give medications as ordered. D.Collect data on patient's pain.

Contact the health-care provider (HCP).

The nurse is caring for a patient experiencing an acute exacerbation of multiple sclerosis (MS). Which pathophysiological change leads to the symptoms of MS? A.Myelin buildup in the central nervous system B.Demyelination and destruction of nerve fibers C.Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) deficiency D.Reduced acetylcholine receptors with impaired nerve impulse transmission

Demyelination and destruction of nerve fibers

A patient diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia is prescribed the alpha-blocking medication to reduce symptoms. Which side effect is the most concerning?

Hypotension

A patient is being treated for acute cholecystitis. The patient is instructed on dietary measures to reduce the possibility of recurrent episodes. Which patient comment indicates a need for additional teaching. A.I will need to limit the amount of fat in my diet. B.I can increase my intake of nuts and avocados. C. While I am having an attack, I may need to be NPO. D.I need to follow a very low-calorie diet.

I need to follow a very low-calorie diet.

A patient presents at the HCP's office with epigastric pain. The patient's temperature and pulse and respiration rates are all elevated. Which additional symptom will the nurse associate as a possible sign of cholelithiasis? A. Jaundice B. Vomiting C. Heartburn D. Flatulence

Jaundice

A patient being treated with metformin for type 2 DM is receiving a routine follow-up assessment. In addition to HbA1c and a fasting plasma glucose test, which other laboratory test should the nurse expect to be monitored in this patient? A. Blood lipids B. Kidney function tests. C. Urine for blood D. Complete blood count (CBC)

Kidney Function test

The nurse is providing care for a patient with external fixation for a fracture involving severe bone damage. What is a priority of care? A.Monitoring pin and wound sites for signs of infection B.Helping the patient achieve a desired level of mobility C.Being aware that the patient may experience issues with body image D.Providing a caring and supportive attitude during a challenging time

Monitoring pin and wound sites for signs of infection

The nurse is providing care for a patient with a cerebral aneurysm and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Which statement by the patient requires additional teaching? Select one: A.The doctors are going to do studies to see if I can have surgery. B.I know that I will be on some restrictions to prevent a rebleed. C.No strenuous activity until this condition is cured by surgery. D.It is very important to take my blood pressure medicine.

No strenuous activity until this condition is cured by surgery.

A patient is scheduled for a surgical biopsy for removal of a section of a lesion suspected to be breast cancer. How should the nurse approach care? A. Present with a calm and understanding attitude. B. Explain the reasons for the surgical biopsy. C. Share that most breast biopsies are benign. D. Provide the patient with antianxiety medication.

Present with a calm and understanding attitude

A patient receives extensive burns to the face, chest, and hands from a random act of violence. The patient states, "I was doing so well, but I will never fit in again with my family, friends, or coworkers." What collaborative referral should the nurse inquire about? A. Reinforcement from people who are close to the patient B. Professional psychiatric counseling to regain self-esteem C. Identification of a support group that focuses on victims of crime D. Information from medical specialist

Professional psychiatric counseling to regain self-esteem

A patient shares a long-standing problem of urinary incontinence with the nurse. Which intervention does the nurse recognize as taking priority. A. Referring the patient to a urologist B. Providing caring support to the patient C. Recommending a continence clinic D. Encouraging the patient to keep a voiding diary for evaluation

Providing caring support to the patient

The nurse is providing care for a client with multiple injuries from a serious car accident. The HCP prescribes a diet as tolerated and administration of sucralfate orally. Which condition and goal does the nurse associate with the HCP's prescription? A. Prevention of peptic ulcer disease B. Decreased healing from malnutrition C. Management of causes of shock D. Reduced formation of stress ulcers

Reduced formation of stress ulcers.

The nurse is assisting with teaching to a woman who is having difficulty conceiving. Which instruction does the nurse provide about keeping a basal body temperature chart? A. Record your temperature in the late afternoon each day for 3 months. B. Record your temperature every 4 hours, starting the first day of each month. C.Record your temperature three times each day of your period, then once a day thereafter. D. Starting with the first day of your period, record your temperature first thing ea

Starting with the first day of your period, record your temperature first thing each morning.

The nurse is providing care for a patient diagnosed with celiac disease. The patient presents with weight loss. What additional finding should the nurse monitor for? A. Anorexia B. Constipation C. Steatorrhea D. Malaise and fatigue

Steatorrhea

A patient with hepatitis B virus (HBV) delivers a healthy baby. Which action does the nurse anticipate will be needed for the infant? A.IV antibiotics for 12 hours B.Antiviral eye medication less than 2 hours after birth C.There is no treatment that is safe and effective for infants. D.Testing for transmission of hepatitis B

Testing for transmission of Hepatitis B

A patient who had extensive gastric surgery for stomach cancer reports feeling sick and diaphoretic with abdominal cramping about 20 minutes after eating. The nurse is providing information about dumping syndrome. Which information is correct? A. The patient is experiencing one of the most common complications. B. Food enters the jejunum without adequate amounts of digestive juices. C. The condition is lifelong and may require treatment with insulin. D. High concentrations of electrolytes and

The patient is experiencing one of the most common complications Food enters the jejunum without adequate amounts of digestive juices High concentrations of electrolytes and sugar draw fluid into the bowel. The patient will need to eat some candy or drink juice containing sugar

A patient's Snellen chart findings are 20/60. What does this information represent? A.The patient's vision is better than normal. B.The patient must be at 60 feet to see what someone with normal vision can see at 20 feet. C.The patient must be at 20 feet to see D.The patient has moderate low vision.

The patient must be at 20 feet to see what someone else can see at 60 feet.

A patient diagnosed with curvature of the spine asks the nurse why breathing is impacted by their spine. How should the nurse respond? A. The spine curvature is caused by a respiratory problem. B. The curvature is caused by leaning over to breathe. C .The thoracic cage expands with a spinal curvature.. D. The thoracic cage has lost some flexibility

The thoracic cage has lost some flexibility.

A female patient has not achieved pregnancy after 8 months of attempting to do so and is undergoing hormone testing. Which additional reason other than infertility does the nurse identify for hormone testing? A. To confirm a patient's stage of puberty B. To assess hormone-producing tumors C. To verify the achievement of pregnancy D. To identify bone loss after menopause

To assess hormone-producing tumors

A patient receives a diagnosis of Crohn disease and asks the nurse, "will they be able to cure this?". How should the nurse respond? A. The condition is an autoimmune inflammatory bowel disease for which there is no cure. B. With treatment, the symptoms will disappear for good, as long as you take the medications. C. Surgery can permanently eliminate the problem. D. The condition worsens over time and you'll eventually need a colostomy.

With treatment, the symptoms will disappear for good as long as you take your medications.

A patient is being admitted to a long-term care facility after a recent stroke with dysarthria. What should the nurse consider in providing care? Select one: A.The patient is likely to also have a cognitive deficit. B.The patient will be able to answer yes-or-no questions. C.A picture board will help the patient with word searching. D.Profanity is expected due to patient frustration

A picture board will help the patient with word searching.

A client is identified with a thyroid disorder resulting in hormone deficiency. The HCP prescribes a stimulation test. What should the nurse explain to the patient about undergoing this test? A. You will drink a contrast medium. B. Hormone measurements will occur after a meal. C. A substance will be injected into your vein. D. You will be evaluated after monitored exercise

A substance will be injected into your vein.

A patient diagnosed with SIADH is scheduled for surgery in a few days. Which does the nurse expect to be prescribed for this patient to help manage the symptoms until surgery? (Select all that apply.) A. Salt restriction B. Fluid restriction C. Furosemide D. Conivaptan E. Hypertonic saline infusion

Fluid restriction Furosemide Conivaptan Hypertonic saline infusion

The nurse reviews the results of a patient's stool occult blood test, which tests positive. What question should the nurse ask the patient? A. Have you had dental surgery in the last 6 months? B. Have you ingested chicken within 3 days of testing? C. Have you taken oral laxatives in preparation for the test? D. Have you eaten turnips, fish, or horseradish prior to testing?

Have you eaten turnips, fish, or horseradish prior to testing?

A patient asks the difference between osteoarthritis and RA. Which manifestations does the nurse explain are characteristic of RA? (Select all that apply.) A. Low-grade fever B. Heberden nodes C. Autoimmune disease morning stiffness and low-grade fever. D. Pain increasing by activity E. Early morning stiffness

Low-grade fever Autoimmune disease Early morning stiffness

The spouse of a patient with an ascending ostomy asks if the patient will always have to wear an ostomy bag. What is the correct response by the nurse? A. An ostomy bag will be needed all of the time. B. An ostomy bag will be needed only during the night. C. An ostomy bag will be needed only to protect the stoma. D. An ostomy bag will be needed until discharge from the hospital.

An ostomy bag is needed all the time.

The nurse is collecting data on a patient in a HCP's office. The patient tells the nurse of recent flu-like symptoms. The nurse notices a skin rash on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, and swollen lymph nodes. Which question should the nurse ask? A. Do you ever have unprotected sex? B. Have you had any painless sores lately? C. Does your hair appear to be thinning? D. Is your activity hindered by joint pain?

Have you had any painless sores lately?

The nurse is collecting data from a patient with liver failure to detect hepatic encephalopathy. Which instruction should the nurse give to the patient to collect the data? A. Stand with your eyes closed. B. Hold out your arms and hands. C. on your hands and knees. D. Perform a Valsalva maneuver.

Hold out your arms and hands.

The nurse is reinforcing teaching provided to a patient about caring for a new AV fistula in the left arm for dialysis. Which patient statements indicate correct understanding? (Select all that apply.) A.I should not sleep on my arm. B.I need to keep my arm elevated at all times. C.I will keep a firm bandage on my arm. D.I should wear loose clothing on my left arm. E.I will avoid carrying heavy things with my left arm.

I should not sleep on my arm I should wear loose clothing on my left arm I will avoid carrying heavy things with my left arm.

A patient is diagnosed with dermatomycosis. Which statement by the patient gives the nurse an idea of where the infection was acquired? A.I wash my hair every day. B.I work out and shower at the gym. C.I have never owned any pet. D.I always buy organic foods.

I work out and shower at the gym.

The licensed practical nurse/licensed vocational nurse (LPN/LVN) is assisting the registered nurse (RN) in providing care for a patient who is receiving fluid replacement after being burned on 37% of the body. Nursing assessment reveals a BP of 80/60 mm Hg, pulse of 120 beats/minute, and urine output of 10 mL over the past hour. What should the LPN/LVN anticipate will occur as a result? A.Discontinue the IV fluid infusion. B.Change the IV fluid to dextrose and water. C.Increase the amount of IV

Increase the amount of IV fluid administered per hour.

The nurse notes that a patient with a history of hypertension is straining during defecation. What teaching should the nurse include? A.Be careful, you might get a headache when you push so hard. B.It is important that you not strain because it could cause damage to your heart. C.Your blood pressure gets very low when you strain like that and you could faint. D.Chronic constipation often causes a dilated colon; it is good that you are staying empty.

It is important that you not strain because it could cause damage to your heart.

A patient is diagnosed with bacterial encephalopathy. Which symptoms exhibited by the patient indicate late signs of the patient's diagnosis? Select one: A.Short attention span and poor memory B.Disorientation and difficulty following commands C.Lethargy and seizures D.Expressed fear about loud noises in the hallway

Lethargy and seizures

A patient is diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis. Which manifestations should the nurse expect to observe in this patient? (Select all that apply.) A. Dehydration B. Hypertension C. Flulike symptoms D. Kussmaul respirations E. Edema associated with fluid overload

Dehydration Flu Like symptoms Kussmaul respirations

A patient with a spinal cord injury at T3-T4 experiences a sudden increase in BP and has cool, pale, gooseflesh skin on the lower extremities. Which action does the nurse perform while awaiting physician orders? (Select all that apply.) A.Monitor BP every 5 minutes. B.Place the patient in a supine position. C.Place elastic stockings on the patient's legs. D.Check to see if the indwelling catheter is patent. E.Perform a rectal examination to determine if impaction is present.

Monitor BP every 5 minutes. Check to see if the indwelling catheter is patent. Perform a rectal examination to determine if impaction is present.

The nurse asks an older adult patient to count backward from 100 in increments of three. The patient is challenged with the process and often pauses but performs this accurately. What should the nurse document that the patient shows? Select one: A.Normal loss of neurons related to aging B.Early manifestation of dementia C.Normal delay in problem solving D.Result of malnutrition and depression

Normal delay in problem solving

The nurse reviews the laboratory results for a patient with malnutrition from a lack of instrinsic factor secretion. The results indicate a low hemoglobin level. What symptoms should the nurse inquire about? A.Numbness and tingling B.Sleeplessness C.Palpitations D.High blood pressure

Numbness and tingling

A female patient is at the HCP's office for an annual gynecological examination. When a bimanual examination is performed, the patient reports significant pain. Which medical condition is suspected? A.Cystic ovaries B. Ectopic pregnancy C.PID D.MPC

PID

A patient has been hospitalized requiring IV antibiotics for the treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). The patient asks the nurse about how this will impact her ability to conceive one day. What should the nurse reinforce? A. The importance of taking antibiotic therapy as prescribed B. The importance of obtaining a fertility specialist when the time comes C. That surgical procedures can improve the ability to conceive D. That abstinence should occur until she is ready to conceive

The importance of taking antibiotic therapy as prescribed

A patient has an injury resulting in major damage to the pinna of the right ear and is afraid that it may cause hearing loss. Which statement by the nurse will alleviate the patient's fear? A.The left ear will become sensitive to sound and compensate for the loss. B.The impulses for hearing come from the middle and inner ear, not your outer ear. C.The outside of your ear will need to be surgically restructured, then hearing will be restored. D.This much damage to the outer ear also indicates sev

The impulses for hearing come from the middle and inner ear, not your outer ear

A patient is receiving care for a torn ligament at the insertion site of an upper arm muscle. The patient asks the nurse how this condition will affect movement. Which information will the nurse correctly share? A .The lower arm can no longer be flexed. B. The upper arm will become disabled. C. The movement of the arm will seem normal. D. The lower arm will tend to hyperextend.

The movement of the arm will seem normal.

A patient has an open skin lesion and the HCP prescribes the application of an antibiotic ointment with a dry sterile dressing applied. What is the reason for the dressing? A. To retain moisture B. To prevent the evaporation of the medication C. To reduce pain in the lesion and prevent itching D. To enhance the absorption of the topical medication

To enhance the absorption of the topical medication

A male patient reports that manifestations of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) have been occurring for several years. On which problems related to this condition does the nurse focus when collecting health information? (Select all that apply.) A. Urosepsis B. Bladder cancer C. Renal insufficiency D. Evidence of hydronephrosis E. Recurrent urinary tract infections

Urosepsis Renal Insufficiency Evidence of hydronephrosis Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections

A mother of two young children has a 1-year history of MS and recently stopped helping in the children's classrooms because of fatigue and weakness. What advice should the nurse give to help the patient best cope with the problem? A.You need to realize that you may not be able to do the things you used to do. B.You may plan to be there for shorter visits so you can rest. C.Get plenty of sleep the night before you help give you the stamina you need. D.Take your medication after you finish helping

You may plan to be there for shorter visits so you can rest.