Medical Assistant Final Exam

What is a hordeolum?

A bacterial infection of a gland on the eyelid (stye).

Name the different types of ROM exercises:

Active range of motion (AROM) Passive range of motion (PROM) Active assist range of motion (AAROM)

What are joints?

Also called an articulation, is located in the place where two bones connect. There are synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, and diarthrotic joints.

How are bones classified?

Bones are classified according to six shapes: long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid, and sutural (wormian).

What is the difference between exudate and suppuration?

Both related to inflammation: exudate refers to an accumulation of fluid, pus, or serum in tissue that may become hard and crusty. suppuration is a process to relieve the internal buildup of pus formation.

Strabismus is also known as...

Crossed eyes or wall eyes.

What is extension and flexion?

Extension - Movement that brings a limb into or toward a straight condition. Flexion - The act of bending.

What is the recommendation for hot soaks?

Hot soaks involve having the patient put the affected part of the body into a container of water with or without medication for 15 minutes. The water temperature should be no more than 110°F

What are the structures of a long bone?

Long bones include the tibia, fibula, humerus, and radius and features the: Epiphysis—The ends of a developing bone Diaphysis—The shaft of the long bone Periosteum—Membrane that forms the covering of bones, except at their articular (of or relating to a joint) surfaces Compact bone—The dense, hard layer of bone tissue Medullary canal—The narrow space or cavity throughout the length of the diaphysis (The medullary canal contains yellow bone marrow, which is made of fat cells.) Endosteum—The tough, connective tissue membrane lining the medullary canal and containing the bone marrow Cancellous (spongy) bone—The reticular tissue that makes up most of the volume of bone (The spongy bone contains red bone marrow. Red bone marrow manufactures most of the red blood cells found in the body and is found in the long bone.)

What is the difference between a PT and an OT?

Physical Therapist requires master's degree liscensure in all states / Occupational Therapist bachelor's or master's degree and internship with licensure in all states.

What gland triggers puberty by releasing hormones?

Puberty is triggered when the pituitary gland signals the body to release hormones.

What is the regular exercise regimen for a normal adult?

Regular exercise programs, at least three times a week for 20- to 30-minute periods of moderate physical activity, are recommended for normal adults.

What are the rods of the eye responsible for?

Rods react to dim light and are used in night vision and peripheral vision.

What are the differences between male/female pelvis:

The male pelvis is shaped like a funnel, is stronger and heavier, forming a narrower outlet than the females. The female pelvis is formed to be able to support pregnancy and childbirth. Often having a basin-like appearance, the female pelvis is much broader, rounder, and lighter than the male pelvis.

What is muscular dystrophy?

Wasting disease of the muscle.

What is an ophthalmoscope?

a device that is used to view inner parts of the eye. The physician positions the ophthalmoscope so light penetrates the pupil of the patient's eye and then screens for retinal damage and vascular problems.

What is an Optometrist?

a doctor of optometry (OD) and is not a medical doctor but can perform eye examinations, prescribe medications, write prescriptions for eyeglasses and contact lenses, and can perform certain surgical procedures.

What is an Orthotist?

a orthotist designs and fits supportive devices such as braces and splints.

What is a Prosthetist?

a prosthetist specializes in designing, preparing, and fitting prosthetic devices.

What is Two-Point gait?

a two-point gait consists of two points from the total of four points (two legs and two crutches) that are in contact with the ground during each step.

What is erythema?

abnormal redness of the skin due to dilated and irritated cutaneous vessels/superficial capillaries.

What organs comprise the male reproductive system?

consists of the testes; various ducts; the urethra; accessory glands, which include the bulbourethral, prostate, and seminal vesicles; and the supporting structures and accessory sex organs, the scrotum and the penis

What does the appendicular skeleton consist of:

consists of the upper and lower extremities as well as the clavicles, the scapula, and the pelvic girdle.

What hormones do the ovaries produce?

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), Estrogen, and Progesterone. FSH is instrumental in the development of the follicle nurturing the ovum. LH stimulates the development of the corpus luteum, a small mass of cells that develops after the release of the ovum. The follicles secrete estrogen while progesterone is secreted by the corpus luteum.

Bones serve as a storage place for...

for mineral salts, calcium, and phosphorus.

What is hematopoiesis?

formation of blood cells in red bone marrow

What is the Ishihara test?

screening test for color blindness. Also called the color plate test.

What does the axial skeleton consist of?

the Skull, cranium, face, sternum, spinal cord, ribs, vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx.

What is the purpose and function of the female reproductive system?

to continue the human species through sexual reproduction.

What is the vital function of the male reproductive system?

to provide the sperm cells necessary to fertilize the ovum and perpetuate the species.

What are the fallopian tubes function?

to serve as pathways for reproductive cells. Within a fallopian tube, the female reproductive cell, the ovum or egg, will move from the ovary toward the uterus; the male reproductive cell, the sperm or spermatozoa, moves from the uterus toward the ovary.

what is cryotherapy?

using cold for therapeutic purposes.

What are the structures and function of the penis?

Male organ for intercourse or copulation and the site of the orifice through which urine and semen are eliminated from the body. composed of three longitudinal columns of erectile tissue covered with skin. Two of these columns are the corpora cavernosa that lie along either side of the shaft of the penis. The third column is the corpus spongiosum that surrounds the urethra, the tube through which both urine and semen are expelled from the penis. The corpus spongiosum extends from the portion of the penis closest to the body to the cone-shaped head at the end of the penis. prepuce or foreskin covers the penis. Smegma, a lubricatingfluid, is produced within the glands of the foreskin.

What is the onset of menstruation called?

Menarche

What is the cessation of menstruation called?

Menopause

What are the structures of the Vulva?

Mons pubis—The rounded area, comprised of a triangular-shaped pad of fatty tissue, that covers the symphysis pubis (where the right and left pubic bones join). After puberty the area is covered in hair. Labia majora—The two folds of fatty tissue that lie on either side of the vaginal opening. Labia minora—The two thin folds of skin that enclose the vestibule and are located within the labia majora. Vestibule—The area between the labia minora. There are four structures in the vestibule: the urethra (the external opening of the urinary system), the vagina, and the two excretory ducts of the Bartholin's glands. Clitoris—The small organ of erectile tissue that contains a rich supply of sensory nerves.

What is the difference between Paraplegia and Quadriplegia?

Paraplegia is paralysis of the lower portion of the body. Quadriplegia is paralysis of all four extremities of the body.

What is aerobics?

Strengthens the cardiopulmonary system to promote healthy bones and improve the ratio of fat to muscle

What are the fallopian tubes?

Structures that extend laterally from either side of the uterus near each ovary and serve as ducts to move ova (egg cells) from the ovary to the uterus toward the ovary; also called uterine tubes or oviducts.

What is supination and pronation?

Supination turning of the palm or hand anteriorly, turning of the foot inward and upward, lying in a supine position (face upward) Pronation is turning downward or backward with the hand or foot; to lie in a prone position (facing downward). Ex: Supination - drinking a cup of soup Ex: Pronation - turning the palms so that it faces posteriorly

What is a hysterectomy?

Surgical removal of the uterus

What is the cochlea and what does it look like:

The cochlea, which is the organ of hearing, is a bony spiral structure that resembles a snail's shell.

What are the ear's three distinct sections?

The ear can be divided into three sections: the external, middle, and inner ears

What physiological process happens during an erection?

The erectile state in the penis occurs when sexual stimulation, or other factors, causes large quantities of blood from dilated arteries supplying the penis to fill the cavernous spaces in the erectile tissue.

The lens of the eye loses what with age?

The lens of the eye loses its elasticity with age and cannot change from viewing distant objects to close work as readily as before. Noticeable in mid-40s

What is the function and shape of the uterus?

The primary functions of the uterus include: - Shedding of the endometrium (in response to hormonal changes) during the monthly menstrual cycle. - Providing protection and suppling nourishment to a growing fetus during pregnancy. - Contracting, in a rhythmic pattern, during labor to deliver the fetus from the uterus. The rhythmic contractions occur in the myometrial layer of the uterus. the uterus is a pear-shaped muscular organ with thick walls

Name the classifications of the skeletal system

The skeletal system is classified by the axial and appendicular skeleton.

What is Three-Point gait?

The three-point gait is used when one leg is stronger than the other or when there is no weight bearing on one leg.

What is gait?

The way a person walks.