Medical Evacuation

9-line Line 9

CBRN contamination (wartime) C-Chemical B-Biological R-Radiological N-Nuclear provided by medic or senior person present *in peacetime* Terrain Description includes details or terrain features in and around proposed landing site. If possible, describe relationship of site to prominent terrain feature (lake, mountain, or tower) from area survey provided by personnel present

In designing the MEDEVAC plan, the medical planner considers the use of what elements?

CCPs •AXPs •Ambulance Shuttle System •Staffing of relay, loading, and ambulance control points

Priority I - Urgent

Is assigned to emergency cases that should be evacuated as soon as possible and within a maximum of one hour in order to save life, limb, or eyesight and to prevent complications of serious illness and to avoid permanent disability.

Priority IV—CONVENIENCE

Is assigned to patients for whom evacuation by medical vehicle is a matter of medical convenience rather than necessity.

9-Line Medevac

Line 1. Location of the pick-up site (8 digit). Line 2. Radio frequency (5 numbers), call sign, and suffix. Line 3. Number of patients by precedence: A - Urgent B - Urgent Surgical C - Priority D - Routine E - Convenience Line 4. Special equipment required: A - None B - Hoist C - Extraction equipment D - Ventilator Line 5. Number of patients: A - Litter B - Ambulatory Line 6. Security at pick-up site: N - No enemy troops in area P - Possible enemy troops in area (approach with caution) E - Enemy troops in area (approach with caution) X - Enemy troops in area (armed escort required) * In peacetime - number and types of wounds, injuries, and illnesses Line 7. Method of marking pick-up site: A - Panels B - Pyrotechnic signal C - Smoke signal D - None E - Other Line 8. Patient nationality and status: A - US Military B - US Civilian C - Non-US Military D - Non-US Civilian E - EPW Line 9. NBC Contamination: N - Nuclear B - Biological C - Chemical

Medical 9-lines

Lines 3,4,5 lines 1-5 get the bird in the sky (25 seconds)

9-line Line 1

Location of the pick-up site 8 digit of grid coordinate provided by unit leader (S)

MEDEVAC planning considerations at various levels of command are based on what?

METT-TC MISSION •Define the protocol for a valid evacuation mission •Task evacuation units where needed •Develop a concept of operations •Define task-organization of units •Develop SOPs •Delineate any nonstandard air evacuation missions •Coordinate with any units that will have shared responsibilities •Evaluate medical evacuation specific airspace mission command and considerations ENEMY •Define the level of air-to-air threat and the threat faced by ground evacuation resources •Define procedures for evacuating wounded, injured, or ill enemy prisoners of war or other categories of detainees through medical channels •Allocate assets as necessary to provide this support and to support detainee collection points and holding areas TERRAIN AND WEATHER •Define the types of terrain in the area of operations •Evaluate the impact on ground and air evacuation TROOPS ANS SUPPORT •Disseminate locations of facilities used in evacuation, medical treatment facilities, mobile aeromedical staging facilities, and aerial ports of debarkation •Disseminate the capabilities and availability of joint evacuation assets and how to request their assistance •Collect contact information from all evacuation units, assemble, and publish for theater use •Standardize a mandatory evacuation mission data collection format, and collection method and schedule TIME •Define the acceptable limits of evacuation time based on the distance from evacuation units and casualty's evacuation precedence •Determine the proper allocation of resources to support the entire area of operation requirements •Plan for trigger points (in time, distance, or control measure) for changes in the evacuation plan to occur •Define phases of the operation that reflect the commander's intent •Define briefing levels for launch authority (launch authority from aviation commander and mission authority from unit requesting CIVIL CONSIDERATIONS •Determine requirements for the evacuation of host-nation civilians and others •Define and disseminate protocols and procedures for evacuating civilians •Allocate resources to support this mission, when directed •Develop methods to mitigate the impact of displaced civilians to ground evacuation routes

9-line Line 3

Number of patients by precedence: A - Urgent B - Urgent Surgical C - Priority D - Routine E - Convenience if two or more categories must be reported in the same request, insert the work "BREAK" between each category provided by medic or senior person present

9-line Line 5

Number of patients: L+# of litter patients A+# of ambulatory patients Report only applicable info, if reporting both types, insert the word "BREAK" between the litter entry and ambulatory entry provided by medic or senior person present

9-line Line 8

Patient nationality and status: A - US Military B - US Civilian C - Non-US Military D - Non-US Civilian E - EPW provided by medic or senior person present

Evacuation Precedence Categories (9-line)

Priority I—URGENT Priority IA—URGENT-SURG Priority II—PRIORITY Priority III—ROUTINE Priority IV—CONVENIENCE

Emergency movement of medical personnel, equipment, and supplies

Provide a rapid response for the emergency movement of scarce medical resources throughout an operational environment.

Acquire and Locate

Provide a rapid response to acquire wounded, injured, and ill personnel. Clear the battlefield of casualties and facilitate and enhance the tactical commander's freedom of movement and maneuver. This task is performed by the medical evacuation crew of the evacuation platform.

Intratheater Medical Evacuation

Provide rapid evacuation utilizing dedicated assets to the most appropriate role of care. Provide a capability to cross-level patients within the theater hospitals and to transport patients being evacuated out of theater to staging facility prior to departure. This task is performed by the evacuation platforms in the medical company (ground ambulance) and medical company (air ambulance).

What is the mission of the Medical Company, Air Ambulance?

Provides aeromedical evacuation support within the brigade and corps, may go to POI and evac to MTF and staging areas

9-line Line 2

Radio frequency (5 numbers), call sign, and suffix not a relay frequency. provided by radio transmission operator

9-line Line 4

Special equipment required: A - None B - Hoist C - Extraction equipment D - Ventilator provided by medic or senior person present

Outline Theater Evacuation Policies

The policy establishes the length in days of the maximum period of non-effectiveness (hospitalization and convalescence at Role III or Role IV) that patients may be held within the theater for treatment. •A patient who is not expected to be ready to return to duty within the number of days established in the theater evacuation policy is evacuated to the CONUS or other safe haven. •The time period established by the theater evacuation policy starts on the date the patient is admitted to the first Role 3 hospital. •Exception to policy may be required for certain low density MOS specialty skills, or non-transportable patients.

Property Exchange

Whenever a patient is evacuated from one MTF to another, or is transferred from one ambulance to another, medical items of equipment (CASEVAC bags [cold weather type bags], blankets, litters, and splints) remain with the patient. To prevent rapid and unnecessary depletion of supplies and equipment, the receiving Army element exchanges like property with the transferring element. With United States Air Force (USAF) aeromedical evacuation operations, specific medical equipment and durable supplies designated as Patient Movement Items (PMI) must be available to support the patient during the evacuation. Examples of PMI include— • Ventilators. • Patient monitors. • Pulse oximeters. These items will be available for exchange at the supporting aeromedical staging facilities.

Area support

a method of logistics, medical support, and personnel services in which support relationships are determined by the location of the units requiring support.

What are the factors that determine the theater evacuation policy?

nature of ops number and type of patients anticipates evac means to conus in-theater resources

Direct support

requiring a force to support another specific force and authorizing it to answer directly to the supported force's request for assistance.

Unit Level Air Ambulances

•A FSMP from the supporting GSAB's medical company (air ambulances) may provide direct support air ambulance support for the BSMC Role 2 MTF. •The air ambulance crew evacuates Priority I, URGENT patients from as far forward as possible to the BSMC. When a forward surgical team (FST) or forward resuscitative surgical team (FRST) is collocated with a BSMC, air ambulances evacuate Priority IA, URGENT-SURG to this facility. •It may be necessary to skip roles of care when a patient's condition would benefit from going directly to a Role 3 MTF and the tactical situation permits. •The GSAB air ambulances provide the BSMC commander flexibility and agility in the emergency movement of treatment teams and medical equipment to the forward battle area. It also provides emergency movement of Class VIII, blood, and blood products.

Unit Level Area MEDEVAC Support

•EAB units without organic MEDEVAC resources will require evacuation support on an area basis (MCAS, Role III) •To ensure that these elements receive adequate support, the medical planner must include these requirements into the OPLAN. Prior coordination is essential to ensure that the locations of CCPs, AXPs, and BASs are disseminated to these elements and that any unique support requirements are included in the OPLAN.

Staffing of Relay, Loading, and Ambulance Control Points

•Important points may be manned to supervise the blanket, litter, and patient movement items (PMI) exchange and to ensure that messages and medical supplies to be forwarded are expedited.

Evacuation of Military Working Dogs

•Injured or ill military working dogs may be evacuated on any transportation means available. The using unit is responsible for the evacuation of the animal. •Use of dedicated MEDEVAC assets (air or ground ambulances) is authorized based on mission priority and availability. •When possible, the handler should accompany the animal during the evacuation to ensure MEDEVAC personnel safety. •*Units requesting MEDEVAC for military working dogs should include the location of veterinary treatment facilities or support units in their request.

Unit Level Ambulance Team Duties

•Maintain contact with supported elements. • Find and collect the wounded. • Administer tactical combat casualty care (TCCC). • Initiate or complete the Department of Defense (DD) Form 1380 (Tactical Combat Casualty Care Card). • Evacuate patients to the BAS. • Direct or guide ambulatory patients to the BAS. • Resupply company/platoon medics. • Serve as messengers in medical channels. • Perform route reconnaissance from Role 1 MTF to Role 2 MTF or the higher role of medical care.

Medical Evacuation Planning

•Medical evacuation planning supports the AHS plan •MEDEVAC support is arrayed on the battlefield in the right place, at the right time (proximity) •En route medical care must be effective and continuous •MEDEVAC planning considerations at various levels of command based on METT-TC •It is essential that the MEDEVAC plan for all operations be well planned, coordinated, and disseminated •In designing the MEDEVAC plan, the medical planner considers the use of: •CCPs •AXPs •Ambulance Shuttle System •Staffing of relay, loading, and ambulance control points

Medical Evacuation Requests

•The 9-line MEDEVAC request provides a standardized message format that helps expedite the medical evacuation process. The same format is used for both air and ground MEDEVAC requests. •The 9-line MEDEVAC request should be transmitted using secure communications for operational security. •Medical evacuation requests often are sent from the Point of Injury (POI), through intermediaries, such as higher headquarters, who then transmit the request up to the nearest MEDEVAC unit.

What is the mission of the Medical Company, Area Support (MCAS) ambulance platoon?

(MCAS in EAB under MMB) (role II) Evac from to POI to role II or role III

What is the mission of the maneuver battalion ambulance team?

(role I) evac from POI, CCP, to BAS

Describe Army Medical Evacuation

**An efficient and effective MEDEVAC system— •Minimizes mortality by rapidly and efficiently moving the sick, injured, and wounded to and between MTFs •Ensures continuum of care between roles of care •Serves as a force multiplier as it clears the battlefield •Builds the morale of Soldiers •Provides critical en route medical care •Provides economy of force •Provides connectivity of the AHS as appropriate to the Military Health System**

MEDEVAC vs CASEVAC

**Medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) is performed by dedicated, medically equipped, and standardized MEDEVAC platforms designed especially for the MEDEVAC mission to provide en route care by trained medical professionals who provide the timely, efficient movement and en route care of the wounded, injured, or ill persons from the battlefield or other locations to MTFs. Casualty evacuation (CASEVAC) is the movement of casualties aboard nonmedical vehicles or aircraft without en route medical care.**

What provides a standardized message format that helps expedite the medical evacuation process?

9-line

Primary Tasks of MEDEVAC

Acquire and locate Treat and Stabilize Intratheater Medical Evacuation Emergency movement of medical personnel, equipment, and supplies

MEDEVAC Support for ARSOF

Army special operations forces (ARSOF) do not have an organic MEDEVAC system. The ARSOF is, therefore, dependent upon the conventional theater MEDEVAC system for this support. The ARSOF does have an organic capability to affect CASEVAC using ARSOF airframes (those used for infiltration/extraction of ARSOF personnel). Planning factors to consider when planning MEDEVAC support to ARSOF includes— •Small unit and austere AHS capability •Remote operational areas and long evacuation routes •Medical evacuation, medical regulating and patient tracking requires an understanding of sensitivity of ARSOF missions. During evacuation, they must account for any sensitive items and documents that the ARSOF patient possesses.

2 types of medical evacuation support to theater

Direct Support (treatment) Area support (logistics) Medical evacuation supports theater evacuation policy and is an integral part of medical regulating.

What is the mission of the Medical Company, Ground Ambulance?

EAB unit providing evacuation from POI, possibly all the way to role III

Priority IA—URGENT-SURGICAL

Is assigned to patients that should be evacuated as soon as possible and within a maximum of one hour who must receive far forward surgical intervention to save life, limb, or eyesight and stabilize for further evacuation.

Priority III—ROUTINE

Is assigned to sick and wounded personnel requiring evacuation but whose condition is not expected to deteriorate significantly. The sick and wounded in this category should be evacuated within 24 hours.

Treat and Stabilize

Maintain or improve the patient's medical condition during transport and provide en route care as required. This task is performed by medical evacuation crewmembers and providers when necessary.

Articulate MEDEVAC Resources

Maneuver BN Medical Platoon Ambulance Squad Evacuation Platoon: BSMC Evacuation Platoon: MCAS Medical Company (ground ambulance) Medical Company (Air Ambulance)

Medical Evac Resources

Maneuver BN Medical Platoon Ambulance Squad Evacuation Platoon: BSMC Evacuation Platoon: MCAS Medical Company (ground ambulance) Medical Company (Air Ambulance)

Evacuation Platoon: MCAS

Medical Company (Area Support): The ambulance platoon performs ground MEDEVAC and en route patient care for supported units, primarily in support of units at EAB (like role III). •Four ambulance squads (or eight ambulance teams)

Evacuation Platoon: BSMC

Medical Company (Brigade Support): Evacuation platoons provide ground ambulance evacuation support from the supported BCT or from the POI to the supporting MTF (role II to POI & back to role II) •Five evacuation teams (or ten ambulances) -Three teams in the evacuation squad (forward) -Two teams in the evacuation squad (area)

9-line Line 7

Method of marking pick-up site: A - Panels B - Pyrotechnic signal C - Smoke signal (do not say color of smoke) D - None E - Other provided by medic or senior person present

Mortuary Affairs

S4 in charge - logistics function At the unit level, commanders are responsible for the evacuation of human remains of assigned and attached personnel (military, DOD, civilian and contractor) to the nearest mortuary affairs facility. The movement of remains is an important logistical function but is not a task supported by MEDEVAC units or teams. The evacuation of remains on MEDEVAC vehicles should be avoided due to a number of reasons such as— •The MEDEVAC vehicles are a low density asset and must be responsive to the supported population. •As MEDEVAC vehicle transports patients to MTFs, they must return quickly to continue or be prepared to conduct MEDEVAC operations. •Adverse psychological impact to patients on MEDEVAC vehicles.

Theater Evacuation Impact on AHS (HSS and FHP)

Shorter Evacuation Policy: •Results in fewer hospital beds required in the theater and a greater number of beds required elsewhere. •Creates a greater demand for intertheater USAF and intratheater evacuation resources. •Increases the requirements for replacements to meet the rapid personnel turnover which could be expected, especially in combat units. Longer Evacuation Policy: •Results in a greater accumulation of patients and a demand for a larger AHS infrastructure. •Increases the requirements for medical logistics and nonmedical logistics support. •Increases the requirements for hospitals, engineer support, and all aspects of base development for deployed AHS force. •Provides for a greater proportion of patients to RTD within the theater and, thus, reduces the loss of experienced manpower. •May decrease the demand on the intratheater evacuation assets and system.

What are the two types of medical evacuation support to theater?

designated medical vehicle

What is a theater evacuation policy?

establishes length and days of effectiveness of evacuation

What is the only factor used to determine medical evacuation precedence?

medical condition

What are the categories of evacuation precedence?

urgent (1 hour) urgent surgical (1hour) priority (4 hour) routine (24 hours) convenience (when possible)

Ambulance Shuttle System

• A system consisting of one or more ambulance loading points, relay points, and when necessary, ambulance control points, all echeloned forward from the principal group of ambulances, the company location, or basic relay points as tactically required. designated by role II, staffed by role II

Prioritization of Patients

•Casualties requiring evacuation are prioritized to ensure the most seriously injured or ill receive timely medical intervention consistent with their medical condition. As with medical treatment, the patient's medical condition is the only factor used to determine the evacuation precedence. •The decision to request a MEDEVAC and the level of evacuation precedence will be made by the senior medical personnel on scene, or senior military ranking officer if medical personnel are unavailable based on the patient's condition and the tactical situation. •The patient's medical condition is the overriding factor in determining the evacuation platform and destination facility.

Evacuation Platform Considerations

•Evacuation platforms must be capable of keeping pace with the supported unit (equal pace or faster) •Higher role of medical care assets supports forward and evacuates from the lower role or evacuation assets. •The patient's medical condition is the overriding factor in determining the evacuation platform and destination MTF. •The air ambulance operates wherever needed on the battlefield, dependent on risk and METT-TC factors. Use of hardened armored MEDEVAC vehicles may be the vehicle of choice for some missions for short evacuation to an MTF or to a secure AXP for transfer to an air or wheeled ground ambulance.

4 Theater EVAC Factors

**•Nature of the operations •Number and types of patients anticipated •Evacuation means of patients from the theater to CONUS •Availability of In-Theater Resources**

Medical Evacuation

**The timely and effective movement of the wounded, injured, or ill to and between medical treatment facilities on dedicated and properly marked medical platforms with en route care provided by medical personnel.**

Air Ambulances

•Air ambulances may fly as far forward as possible on the battlefield. •Although evacuation by air ambulance is the preferred means for all casualties, when high evacuation workloads exist, evacuation by air ambulance should be the primary means used for URGENT and URGENT-SURG patients. •The General Support Aviation Battalion (GSAB)/Combat Aviation Brigade (CAB) in coordination with the medical brigade, will position air ambulance assets where they can best support the tactical commander's plan through the timely and responsive evacuation. launch authority- aviation commander mission authority- unit requesting evacuation

Medical Company (ground ambulance)

•Provides MEDEVAC within the theater of operations •Normally assigned or attached to the MMB or a MEDBDE (SPT) for mission command •Employed in EAB to provide area support •Tactically located where it can best control its assets and execute its patient evacuation mission At Role 1, the unit is capable of providing— •**Single-lift capability is 96 litter patients or 192 ambulatory patients.** •MEDEVAC from BSMCs and MCASs to supporting hospitals. •Reinforcement of BCT medical company evacuation assets. •Reinforcement of covering forces and deep battle operations. •Movement of patients between hospitals and aeromedical staging facilities, aeromedical staging squadrons, railheads, or seaports in the EAB. •Area evacuation support beyond the capabilities of the MCAS. •Emergency movement of medical personnel and supplies. •Medical evacuation of wounded or injured Soldiers from the POI to supporting MTF.

Medical Company (Air Ambulance) (15 HH-60)

•Provides aeromedical evacuation support within the brigade and corps •Organic to the GSAB for mission command •Employed as needed in the theater, corps, division, or EAB •Tactically located where it can best control its assets and execute its patient evacuation mission The medical company (air ambulance) (15 HH-60s) provides— •**Fifteen helicopter ambulances. Total lift capability is 90 litter patients or 105 ambulatory patients, or some combination thereof.** •One area support MEDEVAC platoon (three aircraft) that will normally locate with the company headquarters. Four FSMP (three aircraft each) that can be independently or group deployed. •Air crash rescue support. •Expeditious delivery of whole blood, biological, and medical supplies. •Rapid movement of medical personnel and accompanying equipment/supplies. •Movement of patients between hospitals, aeromedical staging facilities, hospitals ships, casualty receiving and treatment ships, seaports, and railheads. Military working dog evacuation. •Support combat search and rescue.

MEDEVAC Mission Considerations

**The medical commander must consider the basic tenets that influence the employment of MEDEVAC assets. These factors include the patient's medical condition and the— • Tactical commander's plan for employment of operational forces • Enemy's most likely course of action/most dangerous course of action • Anticipated patient load (S-1 supplies) • Expected areas of patient density • Availability of MEDEVAC resources to include ground and air crews • Availability, location, and type of supporting MTFs • Adherence to the protections afforded to medical personnel, patients, medical units, and medical transports under the provisions of the Geneva Conventions • Airspace control plan • Obstacle plans • Fire support plan (to ensure MEDEVAC assets are not dispatched onto routes and at the times affected by the fire support mission) • Road network/dedicated MEDEVAC routes (contaminated and clean) • Weather conditions**

Priority III - PRIORITY

Is assigned to sick and wounded personnel requiring prompt medical care. This precedence is used when the individual should be evacuated within four hours or if his medical condition could deteriorate to such a degree that he will become an URGENT precedence, or whose requirements for special treatment are not available locally, or who will suffer unnecessary pain or disability.

9-line Line 6

Security at pick-up site(Wartime): N - No enemy troops in area P - Possible enemy troops in area (approach with caution) E - Enemy troops in area (approach with caution) X - Enemy troops in area (armed escort required) Provided by Unit leader * In peacetime - number and types of wounds, injuries, and illnesses specific info regarding patient wounds by type (gunshot or shrapnel). Report serious bleeding, along with PT's blood type, if known provided by medic or senior person present

Patient Acquisition

Units with organic MEDEVAC assets have the primary responsibility for patient acquisition. Units without organic ambulance assets are provided MEDEVAC support on an area support basis. Units must develop techniques which facilitate the effective employment of their combat medics, enhance the ability to acquire patients in forward areas, and rapidly request MEDEVAC support. The techniques developed should be included in the unit SOP. At a minimum, the SOP should include the— • Vehicle assignment for the organic medical personnel • Vehicles designated to be used for casualty transport and/or casualty evacuation • Procedures for requesting MEDEVAC support (during routine operations or during mass casualty situations) • Role of the first sergeant, platoon sergeants, and combat lifesavers in MEDEVAC

Ambulance Route Selection considerations

• Tactical mission • Coordinating evacuation plans and operations with the unit movement officer • Security of routes and security escort • Availability of routes • Physical characteristics of roads and cross-country routes (to include natural obstacles) • Requirements to traverse roads in urban areas and potential obstructions from rubble and debris • Traffic density • Time and distance factors • Proximity of possible routes to areas that may be subject to enemy fire • Lines of patient drift • Cover, concealment, and available defilade for moving and stationary vehicles • Obstacle plans • Fire support plan (to ensure MEDEVAC assets are not dispatched onto routes and at the times affected by the fire support mission)

Casualty Collection Point (CCP)

•A location that may or may not be staffed, where casualties are assembled for evacuation to a medical treatment facility.

Ambulance exchange point (AXP)

•A location where a patient is transferred from one ambulance to another en route to a medical treatment facility.

Ground Medical Evacuation

•Ground evacuation may be used for a patient requiring evacuation from the POI/CCP to the supporting BAS (Role 1 MTF) with follow-on evacuation to an AXP for further evacuation to the Medical Company (Brigade Support) (BSMC) (Role 2 MTF). •In echelons above brigade (EAB), the MCAS has organic evacuation assets and receives augmentation when required from the medical company (ground ambulance) assigned to the Medical Battalion (Multifunctional) (MMB). •Medical evacuation resources are also used to transfer a patient between MTFs within the AO and from an MTF to an en route patient staging system facility for further evacuation out of theater.

Maneuver BN Medical Platoon Ambulance Squad

•Provide ground ambulance evacuation support from supported infantry/armored companies or from POI back to a CCP or to the Role 1 MTF/BAS. •They also provide area support to other elements (which do not have organic MEDEVAC resources) operating in their AO. •Organized into ambulance teams. Ambulance Team •Consists of two ambulances, each ambulance has three medical personnel (an emergency care sergeant or health care specialist and two ambulance/aide drivers). •The primary function of the ambulance team is to collect and treat the sick, injured, and wounded Soldiers on the battlefield and to provide MEDEVAC support from the POI, CCP, or AXP to the supporting MTF.

MEDEVAC of Detainees

•Sick, injured, and wounded detainees are treated and evacuated in military police channels when possible. •They must be physically segregated from U.S. and multinational patients. •Providing guards for the transport of detainees is NOT the responsibility of MEDEVACs units or the MTF. Guards for these detainees are provided according to the BCT, division or corps orders and are from other than medical resources. •The U.S. provides the same standard of medical care for wounded, sick, and injured detainees as that given to U.S. and multinational Soldiers. When detainees are evacuated through medical channels, medical personnel— •Report this action through medical channels to detainee operations medical director and the next higher headquarters. •Request disposition instructions from the MEDBDE (SPT) patient movement branch. The MEDBDE (SPT) patient movement branch is responsible for— •Coordinating the transportation means. •Identifying the MTF to which the detainees will be taken. •Coordinating, in conjunction with the MTF commander, with the Detainee Reporting System to account for detainees within medical channels.

Unit Level MEDEVAC Ground Ambulances

•The ambulance teams from the ambulance platoon (2-3 teams) are normally collocated with the BSMC/MCAS treatment platoon for mutual support. •They establish contact and locate one ambulance team with the medical platoon of each maneuver battalion. •The remaining ambulances are used for BCT operations and area support. The ambulances may be positioned at AXPs or CCPs, or are field-sited with Role 1 or Role 2.