medical sociology exam four

What did the ACA require?

(affordable care act) means that low income people under 65 can be covered by medicare, you are covered under your parents insurance until you are 26, cannot be denied care because of a preexisting condition. Insurance has to cover: - labs - ER - nursing care - prenatal care

What are types of CAM we discussed? Effectiveness?

- acupuncture - aromatherapy - crystal healing - cupping - yoga Placebo and Nocebo dietary supplement health and education act

What are the phases of hospital development?

1. center of religious practice 2. poor houses 3. death houses 4. centers of medical technology

How has the hospital-patient role effected patients?

1. devalued social status 2. lack of control of events and resources 3. movement restriction

What are the types of health care systems we discussed?

1. fee for service 2. socialized 3. decentralized 4. socialist

What types of hospital ownership are there?

1. non profit 2. for profit 3. government

What are the four general trends appearing in developed societies that are likely to affect health care policy in the future?

1. rising cost 2. emphasis on preventative care 3. increased efficiency

What does the US spend on hospitals?

33% of spending in the US is towards hospital expenses, paid for by thirdparty payers.

4) Some __________ of China's adult malepopulation smoke.

52.9

1) Which of the following is one of the general trendsaffecting health policy worldwide? a. Attention to the cost of health care andimplementation of cost control measures. b. Increasing emphasis on preventive medical services. c. Improving efficiency in the administration of largehealth care systems. d. Demands that governments increase efforts to providea health care system that meets national needs. e. All of the above

All of the above

4) Gun violence in the US than in other peer countries due to __________. a. Lax regulations b. Easy access. c. Culture of violence d. Limited training e. All of the above.

All of the above

2) The _____________ system of health care delivery is ofparticular interest to Americans because it is the systemmost often discussed as a future model for the UnitedStates.

Canadian

3) Except for the __________, participation in thewelfare system is not considered normative in the UnitedStates

Elderly

(1) In the public sector, the federal government instituted cost controls for services to_______________ patients by establishing set fees for DRGs

Medicare

What is CAM? Who uses CAM? Why seek CAM?

Middle/working-class white people and women are the most likely to use. typically used by people who are - dissatisfied with physicians - inexpensive and non/pharma based - availability - cultural reasons - religion

(3) ___________________ are a form of managed care health organization, in which employers who purchase group health insurance agree to send their employees to particular hospitals or doctors in return for discounts.

PPO's (preferred provider)

What types of organizations are involved?

PPO's, preferred physician HMO's, prepaid via a monthly premium, preventative care

How does the US differ from its peer countries when it comes to gun violence?

US accounts for 42 percent of deaths by guns even though it only accounts for a little over 4 percent of the population. 8 percent of childhood deaths are caused by guns. relaxed regulations.

What are the health care delivery system characteristics ofcountries?

USA: fee for service, limited regulations, limited pay providers, private and public ownership, no gurantee for public access, private access is dominant Canada, Sweden, Britain: socialized, direct regulations, direct pay providers, private and public ownership excluding canada, guaranteed public access, limited private access. Germany, Mexico, Japan: Decentralized, indirect regulations, indirect pay providers, owned both privately and publicly, limited private access. Russia, Cuba, China: Socialist, direct regulations, direct pay providers, public ownership, guaranteed public access, private access is unavailable.

2) In the U.S., health care tends to be viewed as:

a privilege based on the ability to pay for the commodity

(4) What is the main health care problem in rural areas with respect to equity?

access

4) Which of the following is an ancient Chinese technique of inserting fine needles into specific points in the body to ease pain and stimulate bodily functions?

accupuncture

What are the effects of the dual authority system?

administrative and medical personnel make decisions through institutions, efficient but causes conflict/inconsistencies bureaucracy vs health professionals nurses are the middle ground

3)African American Folk healers:

are referred through family and neighbors

What does healthcare cost in the US?

at least 13k per person, it is increasing in price because our population is aging, increasing prescriptions, insurance costs.

1)Which is NOT an example of a secular benefactor who founded hospitals?

churches

3) Involuntary commitment proceedings are of twotypes: ____________ and ___________.

criminal, civil

What are the effects of managed care?

first, managed care is what controls healthcare costs, limits costs, and requires prior auth. effects: changed the doctor-patient relationship due to thirdparty payers, case manager -> bill payer -> insurance

1) Which is NOT a type of faith healing?

forest bathing

What are the beliefs underlying faith healing?

healing occurs through a psychological process. faith in god to heal, self treatment in prayer. Glick 1990 relieves psychological stress, acceptance of symptoms

What are common measures of population health?

life expectancy and infant mortality

What is the difference between medicare and medicaid?

medicare is for the elderly and the disabled, medicaid is for the low income

2) Which group is LEAST likely to participate in folk healing

middle class white americans

• What is known about the relationship between religion and health?

religious people tend to have decreased mortality due to healthier behaviors via avoidance of drugs/alcohol and other risky behaviors, usually have good family and social support, better psychological wellbeing.

What does access to health services look like?

rural disadvantages economic disadvantages shortage of nurses levels to what can be performed in certain hospitals

2) During the Renaissance and the Reformation,an increasing numbers of hospitals were placedunder the jurisdiction of _______________authorities.

secular

difference between socialized and socialist medicine

socialized medicine has optional private care and socialist does not.

What are the characteristics of folk healing? Types?

uncommon broadly in the US, but common among native americans, hispanics, and black americnas - black folk healers - native american healing - curanderismo

What was the focus of Ms. Otto's presentation?

yoga poses many benefits to our health like decreased anxiety and nervous system response and a better psychological wellbeing