Med/Surg Ch.43, 44, 45, 46, 47

To prevent gastroesophageal reflux in a client with hiatal hernia, the nurse should provide which discharge instruction?

"Avoid coffee and alcoholic beverages."

A client is prescribed tetracycline to treat peptic ulcer disease. Which of the following instructions would the nurse give the client?

"Be sure to wear sunscreen while taking this medicine."

A nurse is teaching a client with gastritis about the need to avoid the intake of caffeinated beverages. The client asks why this is so important. Which of the following explanations from the nurse would be most accurate?

"Caffeine stimulates the central nervous system and thus gastric activity and secretions, which need to be minimized to promote recovery."

The nurse is caring for a man who has experienced a spinal cord injury. Throughout his recovery, the client expects to gain control of his bowels. The nurse's best response to this client would be which of the following?

"Having a bowel movement is a spinal reflex requiring intact nerve fibers. Yours are not intact."

An adolescent client with multiple dental caries is discussing his diet with the nurse. The nurse explores the client's behaviors and identifies a risk factor for dental caries when the client states:

"I drink a can of carbonated soda at lunch every day."

The nurse determines that teaching for the client with peptic ulcer disease has been effective when the client states:

"I have learned some relaxation strategies that decrease my stress."

After teaching a client who has had a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, which client statement indicates the need for additional teaching?

"I need to drink 8 ounces of water before eating."

A nurse is teaching an older adult client about good bowel habits. Which statement by the client indicates to the nurse that additional teaching is required?

"I need to use laxatives regularly to prevent constipation."

When preparing a client for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdomen, which statement would indicate the need to notify the physician?

"I really don't like to be in small, enclosed spaces."

A nurse is performing discharge teaching with a client who had a total gastrectomy. Which statement indicates the need for further teaching?

"I will have to take vitamin B12 shots up to 1 year after surgery."

A home care nurse is caring for a client with complaints of epigastric discomfort who is scheduled for a barium swallow. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the test?

"I'll avoid eating or drinking anything 6 to 8 hours before the test."

Which of the following would be most important to ensure that a client does not retain any barium after a barium swallow?

Monitoring the stool passage and its color.

Which is a true statement regarding gastric cancer?

Most clients are asymptomatic during the early stage of the disease.

Celiac sprue is an example of which category of malabsorption?

Mucosal disorders causing generalized malabsorption

The nurse in the ED admits a client with suspected gastric outlet obstruction. The client's symptoms include nausea and vomiting. The nurse anticipates that the physician will issue which order?

Nasogastric tube insertion

A client is receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) through a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) and will be discharged home with PN. The home health nurse evaluates the home setting and makes a recommendation when noting the following:

No landline; cell phone available and taken by family member during working hours

A patient is to receive parenteral nutrition. The duration of therapy is planned for 4 weeks. The nurse develops a teaching plan for the patient to prepare for insertion of which of the following as most likely?

Non-tunneled central catheter

The nurse working in the recovery room is caring for a client who had a radical neck dissection. The nurse notices that the client makes a coarse, high-pitched sound upon inspiration. Which intervention by the nurse is appropriate?

Notify the physician

A client recovering from gastric bypass surgery accidentally removes the nasogastric tube. It is best for the nurse to

Notify the surgeon about the tube's removal.

The nurse is caring for a comatose patient and administering gastrostomy feedings. What does the nurse understand is the reason that gastrostomy feedings are preferred to nasogastric (NG) feedings in the comatose patient?

Gastroesophageal sphincter is intact, lessening the possibility of regurgitation.

A nurse is applying an ostomy appliance to the ileostomy of a client with ulcerative colitis. Which action is appropriate?

Gently washing the area surrounding the stoma using a face cloth and mild soap

A patient is experiencing painful, inflamed, and swollen gums, and when brushing the teeth, the gums bleed. What common disease of the oral tissue does the nurse understand these symptoms indicate?

Gingivitis

A nurse is caring for a patient with a Salem sump gastric tube attached to low intermittent suction for decompression. The patient asks, "What's this blue part of the tube for?" Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?

"It is a vent that prevents backflow of the secretions."

A client has been prescribed a protein intake of 0.6 g/kg of body weight. The client weighs 154 pounds. The nurse calculates the daily protein intake to be how many grams? Enter the correct number ONLY.

42

A patient is receiving a continuous tube feeding. The nurse notes that the feeding tube was last irrigated at 2 p.m. The nurse would plan to irrigate the tube again at which time?

6 p.m. to 8 p.m.

A patient who is HIV positive comes to the clinic and is experiencing white patches with rough hairlike projections. The nurse observes the lesions on the lateral border of the tongue. What abnormality of the mouth does the nurse determine these lesions are?

Hairy leukoplakia

After teaching a group of students about the various organs of the upper gastrointestinal tract and possible disorders, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following structures as possibly being affected?

Stomach

A client reports having red stools lately. What will the nurse ask during assessment questioning?

"Have you been eating beets?"

A client with a peptic ulcer is diagnosed with Helicobacter pylori infection. The nurse is teaching the client about the medications prescribed, including metronidazole (Flagyl), omeprazole (Prilosec), and clarithromycin (Biaxin). Which statement by the client indicates the best understanding of the medication regimen?

"The medications will kill the bacteria and stop the acid production."

A client presented with gastrointestinal bleeding 2 days ago and continues to have problems. The physician has ordered a visualization of the small intestine via a capsule endoscopy. Which of the following will the nurse include in the client education about this procedure?

"You will need to swallow a capsule."

You must administer glucagon IV. Your order states 0.5 mg per 0.5 mL. You have 1 mg per 1 mL. How many mL will you give for a correct dose?

0.5 mL

Medical management of a patient with peritonitis includes fluid, electrolyte, and colloid replacement. The nurse knows to prepare the initial, most appropriate intravenous solution. Which of the following is the correct solution?

0.9% NS

A patient has had a gastrostomy tube inserted. What does the nurse anticipate the initial fluid nourishment will be after the insertion of the gastrostomy tube?

10% glucose and tap water

Morbid obesity is defined as being how many pounds over the person's ideal body weight?

100

Select the assessment finding that the nurse should immediately report, post radical neck dissection.

Stridor

A client is recovering from a neck dissection. What volume of serosanguineous secretions would the nurse expect to drain over the first 24 hours?

80 to 120 mL

A nurse is preparing a presentation for a local community group of older adults about colon cancer. Which of the following would the nurse include as the primary characteristic associated with this disorder?

A change in bowel habits

A patient is scheduled for a Billroth I procedure for ulcer management. What does the nurse understand will occur when this procedure is performed?

A partial gastrectomy is performed with anastomosis of the stomach segment to the duodenum.

The nurse is caring for a client recovering from an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Which of the following client symptoms would require further nursing assessment?

Abdominal distention

The nurse is conducting a community education session on the prevention of oral cancers. The nurse includes which cancer as being a type of premalignant squamous cell skin cancer?

Actinic cheilitis

The nurse is performing an assessment for a patient who presents to the clinic with a lip lesion. The lesion is erythemic, is fissuring, and has white hyperkeratosis. What does the nurse suspect that these findings are characteristic of?

Actinic cheilitis

A client reports to the clinic, stating that she rapidly developed headache, abdominal pain, nausea, hiccuping, and fatigue about 2 hours ago. For dinner, she ate buffalo chicken wings and beer. Which of the following medical conditions is most consistent with the client's presenting problems?

Acute gastritis

The nurse is caring for a patient who has dumping syndrome from high carbohydrate foods being administered over a period of less than 20 minutes. What is a nursing measure to prevent or minimize the dumping syndrome?

Administer the feeding with the patient in semi-Fowler's position to decrease transit time influenced by gravity.

The nurse is assessing an 80-year-old client for signs and symptoms of gastric cancer. The nurse differentiates which as a sign/symptom of gastric cancer in the geriatric client, but not in a client under the age of 75?

Agitation

The nurse is inserting a nasogastric tube for a patient with pancreatitis. What intervention can the nurse provide to allow facilitation of the tube insertion?

Allow the patient to sip water as the tube is being inserted.

Which of the following digestive enzymes aids in the digestion of starch?

Amylase

During postoperative neck dissection assessment, the nurse notices excessive bleeding from the dressing site. She suspects possible carotid artery rupture and takes the immediate first step to:

Apply pressure to the bleeding site or major associated vessel.

While caring for a patient who has had radical neck surgery, the nurse notices an abnormal amount of serosanguineous secretions in the wound suction unit during the first postoperative day. What does the nurse know is an expected amount of drainage in the wound unit?

Approximately 80 to 120 mL

A nurse caring for a patient who has had radical neck surgery notices an abnormal amount of serosanguineous secretions in the wound suction unit during the first postoperative day. An expected normal amount of drainage is:

Approximately 80 to 120 mL.

A client in the emergency department reports that a piece of meat became stuck in the throat while eating. The nurse notes the client is anxious with respirations at 30 breaths/min, frequent swallowing, and little saliva in the mouth. An esophagogastroscopy with removal of foreign body is scheduled for today. The first activity of the nurse is to:

Assess lung sounds bilaterally.

When caring for a client with an acute exacerbation of a peptic ulcer, the nurse finds the client doubled up in bed with severe pain to his right shoulder. The initial appropriate action by the nurse is to

Assess the client's abdomen and vital signs.

The nurse is creating a plan of care for a client who is not able to tolerate brushing his teeth. The nurse includes which mouth irrigation in the plan of care?

Baking soda and water

Which of the following is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of liver disease?

Biopsy

The nurse is to obtain a stool specimen from a client who reported that he is taking iron supplements. The nurse would expect the stool to be which color?

Black

The nurse is performing and documenting the findings of an abdominal assessment. When the nurse hears intestinal rumbling and the client then experiences diarrhea, the nurse documents the presence of which condition?

Borborygmus

During a colonoscopy with moderate sedation, the patient groans with obvious discomfort and begins bleeding from the rectum. The patient is diaphoretic and has an increase in abdominal girth from distention. What complication of this procedure is the nurse aware may be occurring?

Bowel perforation

Functions of the digestive tract include the following:

Breakdown of food, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of undigested food.

A patient with IBD would be encouraged to increase fluids, use vitamins and iron supplements, and follow a diet designed to reduce inflammation. Select the meal choice that would be recommended for a low-residue diet.

Broiled chicken with low-fiber pasta

A client has been receiving radiation therapy to the lungs and now has erythema, edema, and pain of the mouth. The nurse instructs the client to

Brush and floss daily.

Which ulcer is associated with extensive burn injury?

Curling ulcer

A client experienced extensive burns and 72 hours later has developed an ulcer. Which of the following types of ulcer is most likely in this client?

Curling's ulcer

A patient sustained second- and third-degree burns over 30% of the body surface area approximately 72 hours ago. What type of ulcer should the nurse be alert for while caring for this patient?

Curling's ulcer

A nurse is caring for a patient receiving parenteral nutrition at home. The patient was discharged from the acute care facility 4 days ago. Which of the following would the nurse include in the patient's plan of care? Select all that apply.

Daily weights Intake and output monitoring Calorie counts for oral nutrients

A physician suspects that a client has peptic ulcer disease. With which of the following diagnostic procedures would the nurse most likely prepare to assist?

Endoscopy

An elderly client seeks medical attention for a vague complaint of difficulty swallowing. Which of the following assessment findings is most significant as related to this symptom?

Esophageal tumor

A patient is receiving nasogastric tube feedings. The intake and output record for the past 24 hours reveals an intake of 3100 mL and an output of 2400 mL. The nurse identifies which nursing diagnosis as most likely?

Excess fluid volume

The nurse is assessing a client with an ulcer for signs and symptoms of hemorrhage. The nurse interprets which condition as a sign/symptom of possible hemorrhage?

Hematemesis

Which diagnostic test would be used first to evaluate a client with upper GI bleeding?

Hemoglobin and hematocrit

A client with severe peptic ulcer disease has undergone surgery and is several hours postoperative. During assessment, the nurse notes that the client has developed cool skin, tachycardia, and labored breathing; the client also appears to be confused. Which of the following complications has the client most likely developed?

Hemorrhage

The nurse is cautiously assessing a client admitted with peptic ulcer disease because the most common complication that occurs in 10% to 20% of clients is:

Hemorrhage

The nurse is managing a gastric (Salem) sump tube for a patient who has an intestinal obstruction and will be going to surgery. What interventions should the nurse perform to make sure the tube is functioning properly?

Keep the vent lumen above the patient's waist to prevent gastric content reflux.

The physician orders the insertion of a single lumen nasogastric tube. When gathering the equipment for the insertion, the nurse would select which of the following?

Levin Tube

While palpating a client's right upper quadrant (RUQ), the nurse would expect to find which structure?

Liver

A client has a newly created colostomy. After participating in counseling with the nurse and receiving support from the spouse, the client decides to change the colostomy pouch unaided. Which behavior suggests that the client is beginning to accept the change in body image?

The client touches the altered body part.

The nurse is teaching the client about the upcoming endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Although the nurse instructs on several pertinent points of care, which is emphasized?

The client will change positions frequently throughout the procedure.

A client realizes that regular use of laxatives has greatly improved his bowel pattern. However, the nurse cautions this client against the prolonged use of laxatives for which reason?

The client's natural bowel function may become sluggish.

The nurse is inserting a Levin tube for a patient for gastric decompression. The tube should be inserted to 6 to 10 cm beyond what length?

The distance measured from the tip of the nose to the earlobe and from the earlobe to the xiphoid process

The nurse is providing discharge instructions for a slightly overweight client seen in the Emergency Department for chest pain. The client was diagnosed as having gastroesophageal reflux disease. The nurse notes in the client's record that the client is taking carbidopa/levodopa (Sinemet). The nurse questions the physician's order for

metoclopramide

After assessing a client with peritonitis, the nurse most likely would document the client's bowel sounds as:

absent

A nurse is teaching a group of middle-aged men about peptic ulcers. When discussing risk factors for peptic ulcers, the nurse should mention:

alcohol abuse and smoking.

A client is admitted to the health care facility with a diagnosis of a bleeding gastric ulcer. The nurse expects this client's stools to be:

black and tarry.

The primary source of microorganisms for catheter-related infections are the skin and the

catheter hub.

The term for a reddened circumscribed lesion that ulcerates and becomes crusted and is a primary lesion of syphilis is a(n)

chancre.

The nurse prepares a client for a barium enema. The nurse should place the client on which diet prior to the procedure?

clear liquids day before

A resident at a long-term care facility lost the ability to swallow following a stroke 4 years ago. The client receives nutrition via a PEG tube, has adapted well to the tube feedings, and remains physically and socially active. Occasionally, the client develops constipation that requires administration of a laxative to restore regular bowel function. What is the most likely cause of this client's constipation?

lack of free water intake

To ensure patency of central venous line ports, diluted heparin flushes are used

daily when not in use.

A client who can't tolerate oral feedings begins receiving intermittent enteral feedings. When monitoring for evidence of intolerance to these feedings, the nurse must remain alert for:

diaphoresis, vomiting, and diarrhea.

The nurse attempts to unclog a client's feeding tube. Attempts with warm water agitation and milking the tube are unsuccessful. The nurse uses evidence-based practice principles when subsequently using which technique to unclog the tube?

digestive enzymes and sodium bicarbonate

The nurse recognizes that medium-length nasoenteric tubes are used for

feeding

The Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) consists of severe peptic ulcers, extreme gastric hyperacidity, and gastrin-secreting benign or malignant tumors of the pancreas. The nurse recognizes that an agent that is used to decrease bleeding and decrease gastric acid secretions is

octreotide (Sandostatin)

A nurse is caring for a client who is undergoing a diagnostic workup for a suspected GI problem. The client reports gnawing epigastric pain following meals and heartburn. The nurse suspects the client has:

peptic ulcer disease.

Which condition is caused by improper catheter placement and inadvertent puncture of the pleura?

pneumothorax

A client tells the nurse that the stool was colored yellow. The nurse assesses the client for

recent foods ingested.

Nursing assessment of a client with peritonitis reveals hypotension, tachycardia, and signs and symptoms of dehydration. The nurse also expects to find:

severe abdominal pain with direct palpation or rebound tenderness.

The client is on a continuous tube feeding. The nurse determines the tube placement should be checked every

shift

An older adult client in a long term care facility is concerned about bowel regularity. During a client education session, the nurse reinforces the medically acceptable definition of "regularity." What is the actual measurement of "regular"?

stool consistency and client comfort

The most significant complication related to continuous tube feedings is

the increased potential for aspiration.

A client has received a diagnosis of oral cancer. During client education, the client expresses dismay at not having recognized any early signs or symptoms of the disease. The nurse tells the client that in early stages of this disease:

there are usually no symptoms.

The nurse is assessing a client for constipation. To identify the cause of constipation, the nurse should begin by reviewing the client's:

usual pattern of elimination.

The nurse recognizes which change of the GI system is an age-related change?

weakened gag reflex

The nurse recognizes which change of the gastrointestinal system is an age-related change?

weakened gag reflex

A nurse is preparing a client with Crohn's disease for a barium enema. What should the nurse do the day before the test?

Encourage plenty of fluids.

The nurse assesses bowel sounds and hears one to two bowel sounds in 2 minutes. How should the nurse document the bowel sounds?

Hypoactive

A patient has been diagnosed with acute gastritis and asks the nurse what could have caused it. What is the best response by the nurse? (Select all that apply.)

"It can be caused by ingestion of strong acids." "You may have ingested some irritating foods." "Is it possible that you are overusing aspirin."

A client asks the nurse why the physician ordered the blood test carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The nurse answers:

"It indicates if a cancer is present."

A nurse is caring for a client who has had extensive abdominal surgery and is in critical condition. The nurse notes that the complete blood count shows an 8 G/dL hemoglobin and a 30% hematocrit. Dextrose 5% in half-normal saline solution is infusing through a triple lumen central catheter at 125 mL/hr. The physician orders include the following: Gentamicin 80 mg IV piggyback in 50 mL D5W over 30 minutes Zantac 50 mg IV piggyback in 50 mL D5W over 30 minutes One unit of 250 mL of PRBCs (packed red blood cells) over 3 hours Flush the nasogastric tube with 30 mL normal saline every 2 hours. How many milliliters should the nurse record as the intake for the 8-hour shift? Enter the correct number ONLY

1470

A patient has a gastric sump tube attached to low intermittent suction. The nurse empties the suction collection chamber and records an output of 320 mL for this 8-hour shift. The record shows that the tube had been irrigated with 20 mL of normal saline twice this shift. What would be the actual output of the gastric sump tube?

280

The nurse administers a tube feeding to a client via the intermittent gravity drip method. The nurse should administer the feeding over at least which period of time?

30 minutes

A patient is receiving continuous tube feedings via a small bore feeding tube. The nurse irrigates the tube after administering medication to maintain patency. Which size syringe would the nurse use?

30-mL

A client weighs 215 lbs and is 5' 8" tall. The nurse would calculate this client's body mass index (BMI) as which of the following?

32.7

As part of the process of checking the placement of a nasogastric tube, the nurse checks the pH of the aspirate. Which pH finding would indicate to the nurse that the tube is in the stomach?

4

A client is scheduled for several diagnostic tests to evaluate her gastrointestinal function. After teaching the client about these tests, the nurse determines that the client has understood the teaching when she identifies which test as not requiring the use of a contrast medium?

Colonoscopy

Which statement provides accurate information regarding cancer of the colon and rectum?

Colorectal cancer is the third most common site of cancer in the United States.

Which of the following is the diagnostic of choice if the suspected diagnosis is diverticulitis?

Computed tomography scan

The client is postoperative following a graft reconstruction of the neck. It is most important for the nurse to

Assess the graft for color and temperature.

A client with anorexia complains of constipation. Which of the following nursing measures would be most effective in helping the client reduce constipation?

Assist client to increase dietary fiber.

A physician has written an order for ranitidine (Zantac), 300 mg once daily. The nurse schedules the medication for which time?

At bedtime

A client, age 82, is admitted to an acute care facility for treatment of an acute flare-up of a chronic GI condition. In addition to assessing the client for complications of the current illness, the nurse monitors for age-related changes in the GI tract. Which age-related change increases the risk of anemia?

Atrophy of the gastric mucosa

A client is receiving a parenteral nutrition admixture that contains carbohydrates, electrolytes, vitamins, trace minerals, and sterile water and is now scheduled to receive an intravenous fat emulsion (Intralipid). The nurse

Attaches the fat emulsion tubing to a Y connector close to the infusion site

When assisting with preparing a client scheduled for a barium swallow, which of the following would be appropriate to include?

Avoid smoking for at least 12 to 24 hours before the procedure.

The nurse is evaluating a client's ulcer symptoms to differentiate ulcer as duodenal or gastric. Which symptom should the nurse at attribute to a duodenal ulcer?

Awakening in pain

Which is the most common presenting symptom of colon cancer?

Change in bowel habits

When examining the skin of a client who is dehydrated due to fluid losses from the gastrointestinal tract, which of the following would be most important?

Checking if the mucous membranes are dry

A nurse is reviewing the history and physical of a client admitted for a hemorrhoidectomy. Which predisposing condition does the nurse expect to see?

Constipation

A client informs the nurse that he has been having abdominal pain that is relieved when having a bowel movement. The client states that the physician told him he has irritable bowel syndrome. What does the nurse recognize as characteristic of this disorder?

Chronic constipation with sporadic bouts of diarrhea

Which is an accurate statement regarding cancer of the esophagus?

Chronic irritation of the esophagus is a known risk factor.

Which of the following clients is at highest risk for peptic ulcer disease?

Client with Type O blood

A patient is scheduled for a fiberoptic colonoscopy. What does the nurse know that fiberoptic colonoscopy is most frequently used to diagnose?

Cancer

The primary source of microorganisms for catheter-related infections are the skin and which of the following?

Catheter hub

Which term describes a reddened, circumscribed lesion that ulcerates and becomes crusted and is a primary lesion of syphilis?

Chancre

The nurse is talking with a group of clients who are older than age 50 years about the recognition of colon cancer to access early intervention. What should the nurse inform the clients to report immediately to their primary care provider?

Change in bowel habits

The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with abdominal perforation. Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of this disease process?

Hypotension

The nurse is obtaining a history on a patient who comes to the clinic. What symptom described by the patient is one of the first symptoms associated with esophageal disease?

Dysphagia

The nurse is to administer a cyclic feeding through a gastric tube. It is most important for the nurse to

Elevate the head of the bed to 45 degrees.

A nurse is aware that both the sympathetic and parasympathetic portions of the autonomic nervous system affect GI motility. Select all the actions of the sympathetic nervous system that apply.

Decreases gastric motility Causes blood vessel constriction Creates an inhibitory effect on the GI tract

A client with a gastrojejunostomy is beginning to take solid food. Which finding would lead the nurse to suspect that the client is experiencing dumping syndrome?

Diarrhea

Symptoms associated with pyloric obstruction include all of the following except:

Diarrhea

Which is one of the primary symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Diarrhea

A nurse is assessing a patient receiving tube feedings and suspects dumping syndrome. Which of the following would lead the nurse to suspect this? Select all that apply.

Diarrhea Tachycardia Diaphoresis

Which of the following appears to be a significant factor in the development of gastric cancer?

Diet

Which is the primary symptom of achalasia?

Difficulty swallowing

A client is being treated for diverticulosis. Which points should the nurse include in this client's teaching plan? Select all that apply.

Do not suppress the urge to defecate. Drink at least 8 to 10 large glasses of fluid every day. Use bulk-forming laxatives Encourage an individualized exercise program

A client is being treated for diverticulosis. Which information should the nurse include in this client's teaching plan?

Drink at least 8 to 10 large glasses of fluid every day

The nurse is teaching a client with an ostomy how to change the pouching system. Which information should the nurse include when teaching a client with no peristomal skin irritation?

Dry skin thoroughly after washing

A patient who had a Roux-en-Y bypass procedure for morbid obesity ate a chocolate chip cookie after a meal. After ingestion of the cookie, the patient complained of cramping pains, dizziness, and palpitation. After having a bowel movement, the symptoms resolved. What should the patient be educated about regarding this event?

Dumping syndrome

Clients with Type O blood are at higher risk for which of the following GI disorders?

Duodenal ulcers

Cystic fibrosis, a genetic disorder characterized by pulmonary and pancreatic dysfunction, usually appears in young children but can also affect adults. If the pancreas was functioning correctly, where would the bile and pancreatic enzymes enter the GI system?

Duodenum

The most common symptom of esophageal disease is

Dysphagia

An elderly client states, "I don't understand why I have so many caries in my teeth." The nurse assesses the following as placing the client at risk:

Exhibiting hemoglobin A1C 8.2

When assessing whether a patient is a candidate for home parenteral nutrition, which of the following would be important to address? Select all that apply.

Family support Telephone access Motivation for learning Health status

Which medication is classified as a histamine-2 receptor antagonist?

Famotidine

The nurse is to discontinue a nasogastric tube that had been used for decompression. The first thing the nurse does is

Flush with 10 mL of water.

Postoperatively, a client with a radical neck dissection should be placed in which position?

Fowler

A patient describes a burning sensation in the esophagus, pain when swallowing, and frequent indigestion. What does the nurse suspect that these clinical manifestations indicate?

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Gastrostomy feedings are preferred to nasogastric feedings in the comatose patient, because the:

Gastroesophageal sphincter is intact, lessening the possibility of regurgitation and aspiration.

A patient is receiving parenteral nutrition. The current solution is nearing completion, and a new solution is to be hung, but it has not arrived from the pharmacy. Which action by the nurse would be most appropriate?

Hang a solution of dextrose 10% and water until the new solution is available.

The nurse auscultates the abdomen to assess bowel sounds. She documents five to six sounds heard in less than 30 seconds. How does the nurse document the bowel sounds?

Hyperactive

Review the following four examples of ideal body weight (IBW), actual weight, and body mass index (BMI). Using three criteria for each example, select the body weight that indicates morbid obesity.

IBW = 145 lbs; weight = 290 lbs; BMI = 31 kg/m2

During assessment of a patient with gastritis, the nurse practitioner attempts to distinguish acute from chronic pathology. One criteria, characteristic of gastritis would be the:

Immediacy of the occurrence.

Gastrin has which of the following effects on gastrointestinal (GI) motility?

Increased motility of the stomach

Which of the following is one of the first clinical manifestations of esophageal cancer?

Increasing difficulty in swallowing

A client has a radical neck dissection to treat cancer of the neck. The nurse develops the care plan and includes all the following diagnoses. The nurse identifies the highest priority diagnosis as

Ineffective airway clearance related to obstruction by mucus

Crohn's disease is a condition of malabsorption caused by which pathophysiological process?

Inflammation of all layers of intestinal mucosa

The client is receiving a 25% dextrose solution of parenteral nutrition. The infusion machine is beeping, and the nurse determines the intravenous (IV) bag is empty. The nurse finds there is no available bag to administer. It is most important for the nurse to

Infuse a solution containing 10% dextrose and water.

The client has been taking famotidine (Pepcid) at home. The nurse prepares a teaching plan for the client indicating that the medication acts primarily to achieve which of the following?

Inhibit gastric acid secretions.

When examining the abdomen of a client with complaints of nausea and vomiting, which of the following would the nurse do first?

Inspection

The nurse is assessing the abdomen of the client with an undiagnosed disorder. In which sequence would the nurse conduct the abdominal assessment? Use all options.

Inspection Auscultation Percussion Palpation

A client has a cheesy white plaque in the mouth. The plaque looks like milk curds and can be rubbed off. The best nursing intervention is to

Instruct the client to swish prescribed nystatin (Mycostatin) solution for 1 minute.

Which is the most prominent signs of inflammatory bowel disease?

Intermittent pain and diarrhea

A patient visited a nurse practitioner because he had diarrhea for 2 weeks. He described his stool as large and greasy. The nurse knows that this description is consistent with a diagnosis of:

Intestinal malabsorption.

Which mouth condition is associated with HIV infection?

Kaposi sarcoma

Diet modifications for patient diagnosed with chronic inflammatory bowel disease include which of the following?

Low residue

Which of the following are functions of saliva? Select all that apply.

Lubrication Protection against harmful bacteria Digestion

A nurse is preparing to perform a dressing change to the site of a patient's central venous catheter used for parenteral nutrition. Which equipment and supplies would the nurse need to gather? Select all that apply.

Masks Skin antiseptic Alcohol wipes Sterile gauze pads

Rebleeding may occur from a peptic ulcer and often warrants surgical interventions. Signs of bleeding include which of the following?

Mental confusion

Vomiting results in which of the following acid-base imbalances?

Metabolic alkalosis

Which of the following is considered a bulk-forming laxative?

Metamucil

Which of the following medications, used in the treatment of GERD, accelerate gastric emptying?

Metoclopramide (Reglan)

A physician orders an intestinal tube to decompress a client's GI tract. When gathering equipment for this procedure, a nurse should obtain a:

Miller-Abbott tube.

The nurse cares for a client who receives continuous enteral tube feedings and who is at low risk for aspiration. The nurse assesses the gastric residual volume to be 350 mL. The nurse determines which action is correct?

Monitoring the feeding closely.

A patient has been taking a 10-day course of antibiotics for pneumonia. The patient has been having white patches that look like milk curds in the mouth. What treatment will the nurse educate the patient about?

Nystatin (Mycostatin)

Peptic ulcer disease occurs more frequently in people with which blood type?

O

When preparing a client for surgery to treat appendicitis, the nurse formulates a nursing diagnosis of Risk for infection related to inflammation, perforation, and surgery. What is the rationale for choosing this nursing diagnosis?

Obstruction of the appendix reduces arterial flow, leading to ischemia, inflammation, and rupture of the appendix.

Which medication classification represents a proton (gastric acid) pump inhibitor?

Omeprazole

A nurse practitioner prescribes drug therapy for a patient with peptic ulcer disease. Choose the drug that can be used for 4 weeks and has a 90% chance of healing the ulcer.

Omeprazole (Prilosec)

The nurse is caring for a client with intussusception of the bowel. What does the nurse understand occurs with this disorder?

One part of the intestine telescopes into another portion of the intestine.

The nurse is working with clients with digestive tract disorders. Which of the following organs does the nurse realize has effects as an exocrine gland and an endocrine gland?

Pancreas

The nurse is assisting the physician with a gastric acid stimulation test for a patient. What medication should the nurse prepare to administer subcutaneously to stimulate gastric secretions?

Pentagastrin

Which of the following is an enzyme secreted by the gastric mucosa?

Pepsin

The nurse is conducting a community education class on gastritis. The nurse includes that chronic gastritis caused by Helicobacter pylori is implicated in which disease/condition?

Peptic ulcers

A patient is in the hospital for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. The nurse finds the patient vomiting and complaining of a sudden severe pain in the abdomen. The nurse then assesses a board-like abdomen. What does the nurse suspect these symptoms indicate?

Perforation of the peptic ulcer

Post appendectomy, a nurse should assess the patient for abdominal rigidity and tenderness, fever, loss of bowel sounds, and tachycardia, all clinical signs of:

Peritonitis

The nurse is monitoring a client's postoperative course after an appendectomy. The nurse's assessment reveals that the client has vomited, has abdominal tenderness and rigidity, and has tachycardia. The nurse reports to the physician that the client has signs/symptoms of which complication?

Peritonitis

A client undergoing a diagnostic examination for gastrointestinal disorder was given polyethylene glycol/electrolyte solution as a part of the test preparation. Which of the following measures should the nurse take once the solution is administered?

Permit the client to drink only clear liquids.

The client has returned to the floor following a radical neck dissection. Anesthesia has worn off. It is most important for the nurse to

Place the client in the Fowler's position.

The nurse is caring for a patient who has a gastrostomy tube feeding. Upon initiating her care, the nurse aspirates the gastronomy tube for gastric residual volume (GRV) and obtains 200 mL of gastric contents. What is the priority action by the nurse?

Place the patient in a semi-Fowler's position with the head of the bed at 45 degrees.

A nurse is interviewing a client about his past medical history. Which preexisting condition may lead the nurse to suspect that a client has colorectal cancer?

Polyps

The nurse is teaching a client with peptic ulcer disease who has been prescribed misoprostol (Cytotec). What information from the nurse would be most accurate about misoprostol?

Prevents ulceration in clients taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

The nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for a percutaneous liver biopsy. Which diagnostic test is obtained prior?

Prothrombin time (PT)

A patient has been diagnosed with a hiatal hernia. The nurse explains the diagnosis to the patient and his family by telling them that a hernia is a (an):

Protrusion of the upper stomach into the lower portion of the thorax.

The nurse observes dry mucous membranes in a client who is receiving tube feedings after an oral surgery. The client also complains of unpleasant tastes and odors. Which of the following measures should be included in the client's plan of care?

Provide frequent mouth care.

A client is to have an upper GI procedure with barium ingestion and abdominal ultrasonography. While scheduling these diagnostic tests, the nurse must consider which factor?

The ultrasonography should be scheduled before the GI procedure.

A client with a disorder of the oral cavity cannot tolerate tooth brushing or flossing. Which of the following strategies can the nurse employ to assist this client?

Provide the client with an irrigating solution of baking soda and warm water.

A group of students are studying for an examination on the gastrointestinal (GI) system and are reviewing the structures of the esophagus and stomach. The students demonstrate understanding of the material when they identify which of the following as the opening between the stomach and duodenum?

Pyloric sphincter

Which of the following is the most common symptom of a polyp?

Rectal bleeding

Which of the following is the most successful treatment for gastric cancer?

Removal of the tumor

The most common NG tube is:

Salem Gastric Double Lumen

A patient is receiving continuous tube feedings. The nurse would maintain the patient in which position at all times?

Semi-Fowler's with the head of the bed elevated 30 to 45 degrees

The nurse is instructing the client who was newly diagnosed with peptic ulcers. Which of the following diagnostic studies would the nurse anticipate reviewing with the client?

Serum antibodies for H. pylori

Which of the following are characteristics associated with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES)? Select all that apply.

Severe peptic ulcers Extreme gastric hyperacidity Gastrin-secreting tumors of the pancreas

Which term describes an inflammation of the salivary glands?

Sialadenitis

Which term is used to describe stone formation in a salivary gland, usually the submandibular gland?

Sialolithiasis

A nurse caring for a patient with regional enteritis knows to assess for this most serious systemic complication. What is that complication?

Small bowel obstruction

An older adult patient who has been living at home alone is diagnosed with parotitis. What causative bacteria does the nurse suspect is the cause of the parotitis?

Staphylococcus aureus

An elderly patient is diagnosed with parotitis. The nurse is aware that this bacterial infection is most likely caused by:

Staphylococcus aureus.

Which of the following will the nurse observe as symptoms of perforation in a patient with intestinal obstruction?

Sudden, sustained abdominal pain

The nurse is preparing to examine the abdomen of a client complaining of a change in his bowel pattern. The nurse would place the client in which position?

Supine with knees flexed

A client is admitted to the hospital for diagnostic testing to rule out colorectal cancer. Which intervention should the nurse include on the plan of care?

Test all stools for occult blood.

A nurse enters the room of a client who has returned to the unit after having a radical neck dissection. Which assessment finding requires immediate intervention?

The client lying in a lateral position, with the head of bed flat

Before inserting a gastric or enteric tube, the nurse determines the length of tubing that will be needed to reach the stomach or small intestine. The Levin tube, a commonly used nasogastric tube, has circular markings at specific points. This tube should be inserted to 6 to 10 cm beyond what length?

The distance measured from the tip of the nose (N) to the earlobe (E) and from the earlobe to the xiphoid (X) process

Which enzyme aids in the digestion of protein?

Trypsin

Which is an accurate statement regarding gastric cancer?

The incidence of stomach cancer continues to decrease in the United States.

The presence of mucus and pus in the stools suggests which condition?

Ulcerative colitis

You're horrified to find your morning bowel movement is red. You're sure you are bleeding and may have cancer. You call your doctor right away and are relieved when the nurse tells you it is due to _________.

The red jello salad you had for dinner

Which nursing instruction is correct to provide the client following a barium enema?

The stools may be a white or clay colored.

A client has a new order for metoclorpramide (Reglan). The nurse knows that this medication should not be used long term and only in cases where all other options have been exhausted. This is because this medication has the potential for extrapyramidal side effects. Extrapyramidal side effects include which of the following?

Uncontrolled rhythmic movements of the face or limbs

The nurse is inserting a nasoenteric tube for a patient with a paralytic ileus. How long does the nurse anticipate the tube will be required? (Select all that apply.)

Until bowel sound is present Until flatus is passed Until peristalsis is resumed

The nurse is assessing a client for constipation. Which factor should the nurse review first to identify the cause of constipation?

Usual pattern of elimination

The nurse is assessing a client for constipation. Which review should the nurse conduct first to identify the cause of constipation?

Usual pattern of elimination

A nurse is providing care for a client recovering from gastric bypass surgery. During assessment, the client exhibits pallor, perspiration, palpitations, headache, and feelings of warmth, dizziness, and drowsiness. The client reports eating 90 minutes ago. The nurse suspects:

Vasomotor symptoms associated with dumping syndrome

A female patient was diagnosed with pernicious anemia. The nurse is aware that this deficiency is due to a lack of intrinsic factor secreted by the gastric mucosa. Without intrinsic factor, which vitamin cannot be absorbed?

Vitamin B12

Patients diagnosed with malabsorption syndrome may have vitamin and mineral deficiency. Patient who easily bleed have which of the following deficiencies?

Vitamin K

Which of the following assessment findings would be most important for indicating dumping syndrome in a postgastrectomy client?

Weakness, diaphoresis, diarrhea 90 minutes after eating

The client cannot tolerate oral feedings due to an intestinal obstruction and is NPO. A central line has been inserted, and the client is being started on parenteral nutrition (PN). The nurse performs the following actions while the client receives PN (select all that apply):

Weigh the client every day. Check blood glucose level every 6 hours. Document intake and output.

A client with complaints of right lower quadrant pain is admitted to the emergency department. Blood specimens are drawn and sent to the laboratory. Which laboratory finding should be reported to the physician immediately?

White blood cell (WBC) count 22.8/mm3

Which of the following is the most common type of diverticulum?

Zenker's diverticulum

The client is experiencing swallowing difficulties and is now scheduled to receive a gastric feeding. She has the following oral medications prescribed: furosemide (Lasix), digoxin, enteric coated aspirin (Ecotrin), and vitamin E. The nurse withholds

enteric coated aspirin

The nurse prepares to administer all of a client's medications via feeding tube. The nurse consults the pharmacist and/or physician when the nurse notes which type of oral medication on the client's medication administration record?

enteric-coated tablets

Rebound hypoglycemia is a complication of parenteral nutrition caused by

feedings stopped too abruptly.

The nurse cares for a client who receives continuous parenteral nutrition (PN) through a Hickman catheter and notices that the client's solution has run out. No PN solution is currently available from the pharmacy. What should the nurse do?

hang 10% dextrose and water

Diet therapy for clients diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome includes:

high-fiber diet.

The nurse caring for an older adult client diagnosed with diarrhea is administering and monitoring the client's medications. Because one of the client's medications is digitalis (digoxin), the nurse monitors the client closely for:

hypokalemia

Which response is a parasympathetic response in the GI tract?

increased peristalsis

A client is recovering from an ileostomy that was performed to treat inflammatory bowel disease. During discharge teaching, the nurse should stress the importance of:

increasing fluid intake to prevent dehydration.

The nurse prepares to administer the lavage solution to a client having a colostomy completed. The nurse stops and notifies the physician when noting that the client has which condition?

inflammatory bowel disease

The nurse conducts discharge education for a client who is to go home with parenteral nutrition (PN). The nurse determines the client understands the education when the client indicates a sign and/or symptom of metabolic complications is

loose, watery stools.

A client who reports increasing difficulty swallowing, weight loss, and fatigue is diagnosed with esophageal cancer. Because this client has difficulty swallowing, the nurse should assign highest priority to:

maintaining a patent airway.

The nurse provides health teaching to inform the client with oral cancer that

many oral cancers produce no symptoms in the early stages.

The healthcare provider of a client with oral cancer has ordered the placement of a GI tube to provide nutrition and to deliver medications. What would be the preferred route?

nasogastric intubation