Meiosis and Mitosis

In vertebrates, sperm cells typically contribute which of the following a new organism? A complete zygote Nuclei A complementary haploid portion of chromosomes All of the cytoplasm of the zygote Diploid sex chromosomes

A complementary haploid portion of chromosomes

What is the correct order of meiosis? 1. Prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, telophase II. 2. Prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I. 1. Prophase I, prophase II, metaphase I, metaphase II. 2. Anaphase I, anaphase II, telophase I, telophase II. 1. Prophase I, metaphase I, telophase I, anaphase I. 2. Prophase II, metaphase II, telophase II, anaphase II. 1. Prophase , metaphase, anaphase, telophase. 2. Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. 1. Prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I. 2. Prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, telophase II.

1. Prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I. 2. Prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, telophase II.

How many chromosomes are there in a gamete produced during meiosis in humans? 22 92 46 23

23

Meiosis in humans results in cells that have what number of chromosomes? 23 22 2 46 44

23

Which of the following organisms do not perform meiosis? Mammals Flowering plants Bacteria Mosses

Bacteria

Which of the following is true regarding meiosis I and meiosis II? Both produce haploid cells Both involve reductional division Sister chromatids separate in anaphase of meiosis I, but not in meiosis II The G2 phase precedes both

Both produce haploid cells

Synapsis allows which of the following to occur? The shortening of the mitotic spindles Crossing over Chromosome condensation Nuclear membrane dissolution

Crossing over

What is a method through which meiosis generates genetic diversity? Mitotic spindle interference and crossing over Crossing over only Crossing over and independent assortment Independent assortment only

Crossing over and independent assortment

What is the difference between anaphase I and anaphase II? There are no differences between the two. During anaphase I, the chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate and in anaphase II, the chromosomes separate from each other. During anaphase I, the pair of homologous chromosomes separate from each other and then in anaphase II the sister chromatids separate from each other. During anaphase I, the pair of homologous chromosomes separate from each other and then in anaphase II a different pair of homologous chromosomes separate from each other. During anaphase I, the sister chromatids separate from each other and in anaphase II the pair of homologous chromosomes separate from each other.

During anaphase I, the pair of homologous chromosomes separate from each other and then in anaphase II the sister chromatids separate from each other. Explanation:

During the process of crossing over, what aids in the repair of DNA double stranded breaks? Complementary DNA strand Invading chromatid DNA strand Primase DNA polymerase

Invading chromatid DNA strand

What are examples of sex chromosome disorders? Klinefelter's syndrome only Trisomy 21 only Klinefelter's syndrome and Turner syndrome Turner syndrome and trisomy 21

Klinefelter's syndrome and Turner syndrome

What happens during anaphase I of meiosis? Nuclear membrane breakdown Crossing over Mitotic spindles attach to kinetochores Separation of homologous chromosome pairs

Separation of homologous chromosome pairs

What event happens in meiosis I that does not happen in meiosis II? Separation of sister chromatids Separation of homologous chromosomes Metaphase Telophase

Separation of homologous chromosomes

Which of the following occur in both mitosis and meiosis? Recombination between sister chromatids Separation of sister chromatids Recombination between homologous chromosomes Metaphase II Prophase II

Separation of sister chromatids

What happens during metaphase II of meiosis? Sister chromatids line up at the metaphase plate Chromosomes segregate to opposite poles Homologous tetrads line up at the metaphase plate The nuclear membrane forms

Sister chromatids line up at the metaphase plate

Which of the following is a haploid cell? Epithelial cell Sperm cell Neuron Red blood cell

Sperm cell

Which of the following best represents a difference between mitosis and meiosis? The process of cytokinesis The resulting number of chromosomes per cell Chromosome condensation Nuclear membrane reformation

The resulting number of chromosomes per cell

A human cell has 44 chromosomes and two X chromosomes. It is __________. a somatic cell from a male a gamete from a female a somatic cell from a female an ovum a sperm

a somatic cell from a female

Meiosis in animals occurs in __________. all cells in the animal's body testes only both ovaries and testes all somatic cells ovaries only

both ovaries and testes

Human gametes are produced by the process of __________. fertilization mitosis meiosis cytokinesis binary fission

meiosis

Select the answer choice with the correct terms. In human female gametogenesis __________ occurs which results in only one functional gamete called a(n) __________ due to __________. meiosis . . . sperm . . . nondisjunction meiosis . . . ovum . . . nondisjunction meiosis . . . sperm . . . unequal division of cytoplasm meiosis . . . ovum . . . unequal division of cytoplasm mitosis . . . ovum . . . unequal division of cytoplasm

meiosis . . . ovum . . . unequal division of cytoplasm

In regards to DNA, how does a cell prepare for cell division? DNA is __________ to create two __________ per __________, which are connected at the __________. replicated . . . homologous chromatids . . . chromosome . . . centriole replicated . . . homologous chromosomes . . . chromatid . . . centromere replicated . . . sister chromosomes . . . chromatid . . . centromere replicated . . . homologous chromosome . . . chromatid . . . centriole replicated . . . sister chromatids . . . chromosome . . . centromere

replicated . . . sister chromatids . . . chromosome . . . centromere

When would the creation of a Down Syndrome gamete occur? Prophase I Telophase II Anaphase I Metaphase II

Anaphase I

In which two phases can nondisjunction occur? Metaphase I and metaphase II Metaphase I and anaphase II Anaphase I and metaphase II Anaphase I and anaphase II Telophase I and telophase II

Anaphase I and anaphase II

Non-disjunction can result in which of the following? Monosomy Neither monosomy, nor trisomy can be caused by non-disjunction Trisomy Both monosomy and trisomy

Both monosomy and trisomy

Which of these statements is FALSE concerning mitosis and meiosis? Both processes require DNA synthesis beforehand. Both use the same order of events: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Meiosis results in a halving of chromosomes in the daughter cells, while mitosis reserves the same amount of genetic material in the daughter cells. Both of these processes allow genetic variation

Both of these processes allow genetic variation.

What cellular features are duplicated during prophase II of meiosis? Genetic material Plasma membrane Centrosomes Centrioles

Centrioles

What is the term for chromosomal contact that precedes the crossing over event during meiosis? Synapsis Centrosome Kinetochore Chiasma

Chiasma

Which of the following statements is true concerning meiosis? Daughter cells are still genetically equivalent after meiosis I Cells are diploid at the end of meiosis I During metaphase II, tetrads align at the equator of the cell Recombination occurs only during metaphase I Daughter cells are haploid at the conclusion of both meiosis I and meiosis II

Daughter cells are haploid at the conclusion of both meiosis I and meiosis II

What chemical feature of DNA allows for the crossing over event during meiosis? Double-stranded breaks Mutation Hydrogen bonds between DNA strands Mismatched base pairs

Double-stranded breaks

Where in the human body are the cells that undergo meiosis located? Bone marrow All cells can undergo meiosis Small intestine Gonads

Gonads

Which molecular mechanism is not a possible cause of nondisjunction? Failure to pass the spindle assembly checkpoint Older age of an individual leads to weaker cohesin complexes at the centromere Error in cytoplasmic partitioning Maternal gametes have a higher chance of exhibiting nondisjunction

Error in cytoplasmic partitioning

Which of the following cells will undergo meiosis? Heart cells Unicellular organisms Germ cells Amoebae All of these

Germ cells

What is the term for the structural arrangement of chromatids undergoing crossing over during meiosis? Equatorial plane Kinetochore Holliday junction Telomere

Holliday junction

Which of the following is the basis for independent assortment of homologous chromosomes? Recombination occurs in telophase I Chromosomes are paired into tetrads in prophase I Homologous chromosomes line up randomly at the metaphase plate in metaphase I Spindles align chromosomes randomly in anaphase I Homologous chromosomes undergo crossover in prophase I

Homologous chromosomes line up randomly at the metaphase plate in metaphase I

Crossing over is an event that contributes to the non-identical nature of gametes. Which of the following is true regarding crossing over? I. It occurs during prophase I II. It involves exchange of genetic material between sister chromatids III. It involves exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes

I and III

Which of the following statements regarding mitosis and meiosis is correct? Mitosis only occurs in prokaryotes, including all bacteria, while meiosis occurs in higher life forms In the human body, mitosis occurs in somatic cells while meiosis occurs in sex cells None of the other answer choices are correct Mitosis results in higher genetic variability than meiosis

In the human body, mitosis occurs in somatic cells while meiosis occurs in sex cells

Homologous pairs of chromosomes separate depending on the random way they line up on the metaphase plate during metaphase I. What is this process called? Mitosis G1 phase Cytokinesis Glycolysis Independent assortment

Independent assortment

Which process produces four genetically different haploid cells? Mitosis Translation Meiosis Transcription

Meiosis

Cells containing only one homologue of each chromosome would be produced following which of the following processes? Mitosis S phase Meiosis I Both meiosis I and mitosis

Meiosis I

Crossing over during prophase occurs during which cycle of division? Meiosis I Meiosis II Mitosis All answer choices are correct

Meiosis I

Which of the following highlights a key difference between meiosis and mitosis? There is no metaphase stage in meiosis All answer choices are correct Meiosis involves two divisions, while mitosis involves only one Genetic mutations can only occur in meiosis; mitosis always results in identical daughter and parent cells

Meiosis involves two divisions, while mitosis involves only one

Which of the following contribute to genetic diversity? Meiosis, nondisjunction, and chromosomal crossover Mitosis, nondisjunction, and chromosomal crossover Meiosis, independent assortment of sister chromatids, and chromosomal crossover Meiosis, independent assortment of homologous chromosomes, and chromosomal crossover Mitosis, independent assortment of homologous chromosomes, and chromosomal crossover

Meiosis, independent assortment of homologous chromosomes, and chromosomal crossover

During what phase of meiosis do tetrads align along the equatorial plate? Prophase I Metaphase I Prophase II Metaphase II

Metaphase I

The independent assortment of traits on different chromosomes is due to the random alignment of different pairs of homologs. This alignment occurs during which of the given phases? Metaphase I Metaphase II Prophase II Prophase I

Metaphase I

Which of the following is not a function of mitosis? Mitosis allows for repair of damaged tissues Mitosis contributes to genetic diversity in sexual organisms Mitosis is the process by which asexual organisms reproduce All of these are functions of mitosis Mitosis allows for organisms to grow

Mitosis contributes to genetic diversity in sexual organisms

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between meiosis and mitosis? Mitosis produces four identical, diploid daughter cells after one division; meiosis produces two non-identical, haploid daughter cells after two divisions Mitosis produces two non-identical, diploid daughter cells after one division; meiosis produces four identical, haploid daughter cells after two divisions Mitosis produces two identical, diploid daughter cells after one division; meiosis produces four non-identical, haploid daughter cells after two divisions Mitosis produces two identical, diploid daughter cells after two divisions; meiosis produces four non-identical, haploid daughter cells after one division Mitosis produces two identical, haploid daughter cells after one division; meiosis produces four non-identical, diploid daughter cells after two divisions

Mitosis produces two identical, diploid daughter cells after one division; meiosis produces four non-identical, haploid daughter cells after two divisions Explanation:

What is the name of a pair of chromosomes that contains the same genes and loci? Locus Gene Haploid chromosomes Tetrad Allele

Tetrad

What is the cell division error that causes trisomy 21, or Down syndrome? Organelle partitioning Nondisjunction Telomere shortening Nucleotide deletion

Nondisjunction

Which of the following would result in a cell with an abnormal number of chromosomes after meiosis? Separation of sister chromatids Nondisjunction Recombination Cleavage of the securin protein

Nondisjunction

Why is there a reduction of ploidy after meiosis I? The two daughter cells after meiosis I each contain only half of the original cytoplasm Pairs of homologous chromosomes are separated and placed in unique daughter cells Reduction of ploidy only occurs after meiosis II Reduction of ploidy only occurs after mitosis Sister chromatids are separated and placed in unique daughter cells

Pairs of homologous chromosomes are separated and placed in unique daughter cells

A scientist is interested in studying the event of crossing over (recombination) in mouse gametes. She wants to label some of the mouse DNA with fluorescent dyes to better visualize it. During what phase of the cell cycle should she look at these fluorescent DNA strands in order to most effectively study recombination? Metaphase II Telophase I Prophase I Anaphase II Anaphase I

Prophase 1

A scientist is dissecting a female fetal pig and takes a tissue sample from its ovaries. The scientist places the tissue sample on a slide and examines the eggs in the ovarian tissue. At what stage in the cell cycle are these germ cells? Assume that oogenesis in the fetal pig is the same as in a human. Anaphase I Prophase II Metaphase I Metaphase II Prophase I

Prophase I

During which phase of meiosis does chiasmata occur? Prophase II Anaphase II Anaphase II Metaphase I Prophase I

Prophase I

In which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur? Anaphase I Prophase II Prophase I Telophase I Metaphase I

Prophase I

When does crossing over happen in meiosis? Anaphase I Prophase II Prophase I Metaphase II Metaphase I

Prophase I

Which of the following describes when crossing over occurs during meiosis? Prophase I Metaphase II Metaphase I Anaphase I Prophase II

Prophase I

What enzyme aids in chromosomal crossing over during prophase I of meiosis? Recombinase DNA polymerase DNA ligase Protein kinase

Recombinase

Which of the following is a way in which meiosis increases genetic diversity? Inducing genetic mutations Separation of sister chromatids Recombination Chromosome condensation

Recombination

Which of the following is not a difference between mitosis and meiosis? That the process occurs in all animals The crossing over event Pairing of homologous chromosomes at the metaphase plate That the daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cells

That the process occurs in all animals

Of the following choices, which most accurately describes the cells produced from the process of meiosis? The cells are genetically identical to all other cells in the human body The cells are genetically identical to the parental cells The cells are used in the repair of tissues The cells are genetically unique from the parental cells The cells are diploid

The cells are genetically unique from the parental cells

In the process of meiosis, what is the correct description of the gametes? The gametes are haploid, with half the number of chromosomes compared to the parent cell The gametes are diploid, with half the number of chromosomes compared to the parent cell The gametes are diploid, with twice the number of chromosomes compared to the parent cell The gametes are polyploid

The gametes are haploid, with half the number of chromosomes compared to the parent cell

What is the sex determination system in humans? XX/XY system ZW system XX/XO system Temperature-dependent system

XX/XY system

How many chromosomes does a human germ cell contain during metaphase I and telophase II, respectively? There are 23 chromosomes during metaphase I and 46 chromosomes during telophase II There are 46 chromosomes during metaphase I and 46 chromosomes during telophase II There are 23 chromosomes during metaphase I and 23 chromosomes during telophase II There are 46 chromosomes during metaphase I and 23 chromosomes during telophase II

There are 46 chromosomes during metaphase I and 46 chromosomes during telophase II

Which of the following is not true of human gametes? They arise from somatic cell lines They are haploid Gametes are produced during meiosis Male and female gametes fuse during fertilization

They arise from somatic cell lines

What is not a similarity between mitosis and meiosis? hey are both forms of cellular division. Problems can occur in both processes, such as nondisjunction. Microtubules are used in forming the mitotic spindle. They both result in daughter cells with half of the number of copied chromosomes of the parent cells. DNA is replicated and later separated into two daughter cells.

They both result in daughter cells with half of the number of copied chromosomes of the parent cells.

In multicellular eukaryotes, there are two distinct cell types: germ cells and somatic cells. Which of the following is characteristic of germ cells? They are a special type of somatic cell They only undergo mitosis They only undergo meiosis They produce gametes They are haploid

They produce gametes

Which of the following chromosomal abnormalities is an example of monosomy? Turner syndrome Down syndrome Klinefelter syndrome Edwards syndrome

Turner syndrome

Diploid cells contain how many times more chromosomes than haploid (n) cells? Four times as many (4n) The same amount (n) Twice as many (2n) Three times as many (3n)

Twice as many (2n)

What are the resulting cells of meiosis I? Two haploid cells Four diploid cells Two diploid cells Four haploid cells

Two haploid cells

What would happen if gametes were made by mitosis instead of meiosis? With each generation, the number of chromosomes in each cell would double Each generation of cells would have 46 chromosomes Each generation of cells would have 23 chromosomes Each generation of cells would have 44 chromosomes More than one of these

With each generation, the number of chromosomes in each cell would double

Do sex chromosomes undergo crossing over? Yes, sex chromosomes undergo crossing over, but only in a small region of homology. No, sex chromosomes do not undergo crossing over due to a lack of homology. Yes, sex chromosomes undergo normal crossing over. No, sex chromosomes do not undergo crossing over due to a need of sex-specific gene conservation.

Yes, sex chromosomes undergo crossing over, but only in a small region of homology.