Mental illness

Mood Disorders

Major depressive disorder Bipolar disorder Postpartum depression Seasonal depression

A mental disorder or mental illness is a diagnosable illness that:

1. Affects a person's thinking, emotional state, and behavior 2. Disrupts the person's ability to a. Work b. Carry out daily activities c. Engage in satisfying relationships 3. "Disability" refers to the amount of disruption a health problem causes to a person's ability to: a. Work b. Carry out daily activities c. Engage in satisfying relationships 4. Mental illnesses can be more disabling than many chronic physical illnesses.

Symptoms of Psychosis

1. Changes in emotion and motivation: Depression Anxiety Irritability Suspiciousness Blunted, flat, or inappropriate emotion Change in appetite Reduced energy and motivation 2. Changes in thinking and perception: Difficulties with concentration Sense of alteration of self, others, or the outside world Odd ideas Unusual perceptual experiences 3. Changes in behavior: Sleep disturbances Social isolation and withdrawal Reduced ability to carry out work and social roles

Consequences of Delayed Treatment

1. Getting the appropriate help for someone developing psychosis or in a crisis is very important. 2. Research has shown that the longer the delay between the onset of psychosis and the start of treatment, the less likely the person is to recover. 3. Other consequences of delayed treatment include the following: Poorer long-term functioning Increased risk of depression and suicide Slower psychological maturation and delay in assuming adult responsibilities Strain on relationships and subsequent loss of social supports Disruption of education and employment Increased use of alcohol or drugs Loss of self-esteem and confidence Greater chance of problems with the law

Disorders in Which Psychosis Occurs

1. Schizophrenia 2. Bipolar Disorder 3. Psychotic Depression -- Depression with psychotic symptoms, such as delusions involving guilt, severe physical illness or hopelessness. 4. Schizoaffective Disorder - describes a condition where symptoms of a mood disorder and symptoms of schizophrenia are both present (schizophrenia and bipolar disorder) 5. Drug-Induced Psychosis a. Can be brought on by intoxication or withdrawal from drugs. 14 b. Symptoms usually appear quickly and last a short time, until the effects of the drug wear off. c. Most common symptoms are visual hallucinations, disorientation, and memory problems.

De-escalation

1. Speak slowly and confidently with a gentle, caring tone of voice - use your voice to communicate that you care about the situation and are in control. 2. Do not argue or challenge the person - Arguing and threatening will only increase fear or prompt aggressive behavior 3. Do not threaten 4. Do not raise your voice or talk too fast - Speak in measured, low-key fashion; don't give the impression of being in a hurry. 5. Use positive words instead of negative words - Be aware that the person may overreact to negative words; therefore, use positive words (such as 'stay calm') instead of negative words (such as 'don't fight') 6. Stay calm and avoid nervous behavior - Avoid nervous behaviors such as shuffling feet, fidgeting and making abrupt movements. 7. Do not restrict the person's movement - Allow the person to pace up and down the room, for example if that is what they are doing 8. Try to be aware of what may exacerbate the person's fear and aggression - Involving law enforcement, for example, could increase the person's fear 9. Take a break from the conversation - Taking a break may allow the person a chance to calm down. -Realistic de-escalation is the ability to manage other people by enhancing your skills to establish contact, build rapport, and gain influence to achieve a police objective

Warning signs of suicide

1. Threating to hurt or kill oneself 2. Seeking access to means 3. Talking, writing, or posting on social media about death, dying, or suicide 4. Feeling hopeless 5. Feeling worthless or a lack of purpose 6. Acting recklessly or engaging in risky activities 7 . Feeling trapped 8. Increasing alcohol or drug use 9. Withdrawing from family, friends, or society 10. Demonstrating anger or seeking revenge 11. Appearing agitated 12. Having a dramatic change in mood

Involuntary Commitment of an Adult

A person 18 years or older is subject to involuntary commitment if: a. The person has a severe mental illness; b. Due to the severe mental illness, the person is a danger to self or others (Defined in the code SDCL 27A-1-1); and c. The individual needs and is likely to benefit from treatment.

Psychosis

A. Psychosis is a condition in which a person has lost some contact with reality. The person may have severe disturbances in thinking, emotion, and behavior. Disorders in which psychosis can occur are not as common as depression and anxiety disorders. Psychosis usually occurs in episodes and is not a constant or static condition

S.E.D-Serious emotional disturbance

An individual with a serious emotional disturbance is an individual who: a. Is under eighteen years of age; b. Exhibits behavior resulting in functional impairment which substantially interferes with, or limits the individual's role or functioning in the community, school, family, or peer group; c. Has a mental disorder diagnosed under the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth 34 edition revised, 1994; d. Has demonstrated a need for one or more special care services, in addition to mental health

Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety disorder differs from normal stress and anxiety. The symptoms of an anxiety disorder are more severe and can cause impairment in daily life

Rules of Evidence apply at hearing for involuntary commitment

Board may order the involuntary commitment of the person for an initial period not to exceed 90 days if a majority of the board finds by clear and convincing evidence supported by findings of fact and conclusions of law that: a. Person meets criteria in SDCL 27A-1-2 b. Needs and is likely to benefit from treatment. c. Commitment is the least restrictive alternative.

Everyone is on the mental health continuum or timeline.

Everyone has their own level of "normal". Just like physical health conditions, mental health can range from excellent to really poor.

Depression

Major depressive disorder last for at least 2 weeks and affects a persons. A. Emotions, thinking, behavior and physical well-being B. Ability to work and have satisfying relationships C. Ability to carry out usual daily activities. 2. MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER effects 6.8 percent of adults in a year and the median age is 32. 3. Half of the people who have an episode will have had their first episode by 32. 4. Depression often co-occurs with anxiety and substance abuse 5. IT IS MORE COMMON IN FEMALES THAN IN MALES AND IT OFTEN RECURS.

suicide risk

Males kill themselves 4 times more often than females, although women attempt 3 times as often as men. AGE- in 2013 people ages 45-64 had the highest rate of suicide (19.1%) and those over 85 had the 2nd highest at 18.6% SUBSTANCE ABUSE LACK OF SOCIAL SUPPORT PREVIOUS ATTEMTP AND PLANNED/ORGANIZED

Anxiety symptoms

PHYSICAL Gastrointestinal Respiratory Neurological Musculoskeletal Cardiovascular BEHAVIORAL Avoidance of situations obsessive or compulsive behavior distress in social situations phobic behavior

Symptoms of Depression

Physical -fatigue -lack of energy -sleeping to much -overeating or loss of appetite -weight loss or gain -headache -irregular periods -loss of sexual drive and unexplained aches and pains Behavioral -crying speels -withdrawal from others -neglect of responsibilities -lost of interest in appearance -drug use/alcohol -slow movement Psychological o Sadness o Anxiety o Guilt o Anger o Mood swings o Lack of emotional responsiveness o Feelings of helplessness o Hopelessness o Irritability o Frequent self-criticism o Self-blame o Pessimism o Impaired memory and concentration o Indecisiveness and confusion o Tendency to believe others see one in a 7 negative light o Thoughts of death and suicide

Anxiety Disorders (Types)

Specific phobia Social phobia PTSD Generalized anxiety Panic disorder- panic attacks for at least 1 month Obsessive Compulsive-example- need to wash hands all the time. Agoraphobia- avoidance of situations where the person fears they might have a panic attack.

SDCL 27A-15-29-Minor subject to involuntary commitment

a. Has serious emotional disturbance; b. As a result of the SED, minor is a danger to self or others; c. Needs, and is likely to benefit from, treatment; d. Delinquent behavior alone not SED e. Commitment least restrictive alternative f. If findings made, commitment up to 45 days.

Symptoms of Schizophrenia

• Delusions • Hallucinations • Disorganized speech • Disorganized behavior • Loss of drive • Blunted emotions • Social withdrawal