Merchandise and management chapter 2 continued

What is the current approproate capacity for the cremated remains of an adult?

200 cubic inches

What is the capacity in infant containers?

30 cubic inches

Whar is the standard inside demensions of burial vaults?

30x86 inches, requiring 36x92 inches grave side

What is the capacity in children containers?

70 cubic inches

Permanent containers (cinerary urns)

A container which will permanently house the cremated remains

• Ziegler Case/Metal Case:

A gasketed container, which can be used as an insert into a casket or as a separate shipping container.

Top Seal:

A method of vault closure that utilizes an epoxy compound in conjunction with tongue-in-groove construction at the top edge and the cover of the vault.

Air Seal:

A method of vault closure that utilizes the air pressure created by placing the dome of a vault onto the base of the vault. This may also be referred to as the diving bell principle.

Double Seal:

A method of vault closure that utilizes the principle of the air seal in conjunction with an epoxy at the junction of the dome and base of the vault.

Poplar:

A number of tree species utilized in casket construction initiate from the Populus genus, including yellow poplar/tulip, cottonwood, salix, and willow. All of these species share a commonality in terms of grain, straight and medium to fine in texture, and known for rapid growth. The sapwood is typically white, and the heartwood is normally greenish in color. It is a relatively strong wood, but quite soft for a hardwood. This wood is commonly used in exterior siding and doors.

• Polymer and Fiberglass:

A second option available for the construction of grave liners are polymers and fiberglass, although not as commonly used as concrete, these materials are used to build grave liners.

Pecan:

A selection room favorite, has grain that is usually straight, though occasionally wavy, and has a medium texture with a natural low luster. The heartwood tends to be light to medium brown, with a reddish hue; the sapwood is a paler yellowish-brown. is commonly used for tool handles, ladder rungs, and hardwood flooring.

Oak:

A symbol of strength and durability is the material of choice for one of the best- selling wood caskets in the Unites States. This grain is distinct and comparatively straight. Its sapwood can be white to light brown, with light to dark reddish-brown heartwood. It is commonly used in the construction of wood flooring, church pews, and furniture.

Wood Box:

A transfer case made entirely of wood.

• Combination Case (Combo):

A transfer container consisting of a particle board box with a cardboard tray and cover to satisfy air shipping regulations.

Air Tray:

A transfer container consisting of a wooden tray with a cardboard covering for the casket utilized when shipping human remains via airplane.

Alternative Containers

An as defined by the Cremation Association of North America (CANA), is the case in which the human body is delivered to the crematory and in which it is cremated."

Concrete Sectional:

An outer enclosure consisting of six or eight slabs of unfinished concrete placed around the casket.

Grave Box:

An outer enclosure containing of a body and a one or two piece cover.

Transfer Container:

An outer enclosure used for the protection of casket remains during transportation.

Grave liner

An outer enclosure, that offers protection from the earth load without additional protection from the elements

Combination Units:

Any product consisting of a unit or a series of units which are designed or intened to be used together as both a casket and as a permanent burial receptacle

Hardwood:

Comes from angiosperm trees that are not monocots. They are more likely to be found in high-quality furniture, decks, flooring, and construction that needs to last. They are also typically more expensive than softwood caskets.

Softwood:

Comes from gymnosperm trees, they are considered coniferous, trees that are cone bearing with needles or scale-like foliage, and typically lighter and easier to cut than hardwood. Medullary rays and tracheids transport water and produce sap. When viewed under a microscope, softwoods have no visible pores because of tracheids. About 80% of all timber comes from softwood. Softwoods have a wide range of applications and are found in building components (e.g., windows and doors), furniture, medium-density fiberboard (MDF), paper, Christmas trees, and more. Most softwood has a lower density than most hardwoods. Softwood is typically less expensive compared to hardwood, and softwood has a faster rate of growth.

Polymer

Is a compound, similar in appearance to plastic, but with a higher molecular weight resulting in a very durable substance.

Casket

Is defined as a rigid container which is designed for the encasement of human remains and whoch is ususlly constructed of wood, metal, or like materials and ornamneted lined with fabric (FTC)

Plastic

Is defined as a synthetic or natural material shaped when soft then hardened.

Copper

It is a malleable, ductile, metallic element having a characteristic reddish brown color.

Steel

It is a metal alloy consisting mainly of iron and carbon; used in caskets, it is low in carbon which keeps it soft and malleable.

Wrought bronze

It is bronze metal rolled into sheets, then stamped to form the casket shell and parts, and then assembled.

Cherry:

It is relatively strong, with very fine, straight grain. The sapwood is white, but the heartwood is red to reddish-brown. This wood is commonly stained in a red hue, and a high gloss adds to the rich appearance of this species of wood. This wood is frequently used in the construction of fine furniture and cabinetry.

Maple:

Maple is very strong and has fine grain. This species is known for its interesting grain patterns known by descriptive names such as tiger and curly. The color of maple sapwood

Mahogany:

Most funeral proprietors consider this the premier hardwood, and it is consequently one of the most expensive species of wood utilized in casket construction, in part because the raw material must be imported. It is strong wood with reddish-brown appearance and even grain. It is frequently used in furniture and boats.

Walnut:

Much like mahogany, walnut is expensive as a raw material resulting in high retail prices for walnut caskets. The grain pattern is usually straight, but sometimes it will exhibit a curly or wavy pattern. The sapwood is typically creamy white, and the heartwood ranges from light brown to a deep chocolate brown. Due to its high cost, it is rarely used in furniture construction.

Cedar:

Numerous varieties of cedar exist, but for this text we are focusing on classic aromatic red cedar. The heartwood tends to be reddish or violet-brown, and the sapwood is a pale yellow, and can appear throughout the heartwood as streaks and stripes. Aromatic Red Cedar has straight grain, usually with visible knots and a distinct scent. Aromatic Red Cedar is commonly used in fence posts, closet and chest linings, birdhouses, and pencils.

What is the main differnce between a coffin and a cakset?

Shape is the fundamental difference

Birch:

The lumber harvested from this tree has closed grain which straight-to-wavy, similar to maple. It is considered strong and dense, and the sapwood is quite white, while the heartwood is reddish brown. As this wood is durable, it is commonly used in cabinetry and furniture, and it will accept variety of stains.

Appropriate Construction Materials

The material must be rigid, combustible, cover the remains, and provide adequate safety measures for crematory operators.

Concrete:

The most common material used to construct grave liners is concrete, a very hard building material made by mixing together cement, sand, small stones, and water.

gauge,

The standard unit to measure thickness

Wood:

The use of wood as a construction material for manufacturing grave liners is waning. The fact that wood products lack the strength and longevity of both concrete and polymer products are central to this reality. Although this is the case, wood grave liners are still available and utilized in the funeral service industry today.

What are the three key measurments of the deceased when ordering a casket?

The widest measurement of the body, the thickness of the body at the thickest area, and the length

What is the fundamental purpose of an outer burial container?

To support the earth load.

What are the two primary functions for burial vaults?

To support the load of the earth and to limit the intrusion of outside elements.

What is the mey differnce between urn vaults and grave liners?

Urn grave liners do not seal and are not lined.

Keepsake "mini urns"

Were specifically designed sp yhat families that select cremation have the opportunity to divide cremated remains and retain small portions of the remains.

coffin:

Which is defined as a case or receptacle for dead human remains constructed in an anthropoid (resembling humna form; narrow at the head, wider at the shoulders and narrower again at the feet)

Fiberglass,

a material used in the casket manufacturing than plastic or polymers, but still represents a relatively small consisting of extremely fine filaments of glass embedded in various resigns, is more commonly portion of the overall casket market.

Particle board,

also referred to as composition board, pressed board, fiberboard hardboard, is developed by bonding particles of wood together with waterproof adhesive; the different types are distinguished by the size of the particles of wood used.

Spruce:

are large trees and can be distinguished by their whorled branches and conical form. The needles of spruce trees are attached singly to the branches in a spiral fashion, each needle on a small peg-like structure called a pulvinus. Several varieties of spruce exist; in this text, we consider the white spruce. They are typically a creamy white with a hint of yellow. White Spruce has a fine, even texture and consistently straight grain. Construction grade spruce is cheap and easy to find. However, quarter sawn clear pieces without knots can be more expensive. This wood is commonly used for paper (pulpwood), construction lumber, and crates.

temporary container

as a receptacle for cremated remains usually made of cardboard, plastic, or similar material designed to hold the cremated remains until an urn or other permanent container is acquired.

Corrugated fiberboard

compressed into rigid fiberboard, material made of wood or other plant fibers sheets and exhibit folds and alternate furrows and ridges to add additional strength, commonly referred to as cardboard, is utilized to construct lightweight, inexpensive caskets, cremation containers, and alternative containers.

Urns

defined by the Cremation Association of North America (CANA) as a receptacle designed to permanently encase the cremated remains, can take many forms and be constructed using numerous materials.

Non-ferrous

describes any metal, that is not formed from iron.

Copper deposit

is a casket made from a core of copper metal to which copper ions are combined by an electrolytic process.

Bronze

is a metal alloy consisting of 90% copper with tin and sometimes zinc comprising the other 10%. It is not a natural element, but an alloy known for strength and ability to resist corrosion.

Stainless Steel

is a metal alloy of steel, chromium, and sometimes nickel, which is used in casket construction and noted for its ability to resist rust.

Pine:

is abundant in the United States, making this choice relatively inexpensive for casket construction. With fine and straight grain, this wood is known for its signature twig-knots advancing the unique nature of this wood. The sapwood is pale yellow to nearly white, and the heartwood is light reddish-brown. is medium strength and light in weight.

Ferrous metal

is an impressive way of saving any metal formed from iron (steel and stainless steel).

Wrought copper

is copper metal rolled into sheets and these sheets are stamped to form the casket shell and parts, and then assembled.

Outer Burial Containers

is defined as any container, which is designed for placement in the grave around the casket including, but not limited to: containers commonly known as burial vaults, grave boxes and grave liners.

Cast bronze

is molten bronze poured into a mold and allowed to cool.

Laminates

the process of bonding superimposed layers of different materials,

Engineered Wood Products:

they are typically a fraction of the price of solid appealing wood caskets. It is also true that many consumers are conscientious of the environment, and engineered wood products are more environmentally friendly, as only 63% of the harvested tree can be used to make solid lumber, but when engineered wood and other products are made from the remaining wood, more than 95% of the tree is utilized (Batesville, 2017).

Plywood,

thin sheets of wood glued together so that the grains are at right angles to one another (an odd number of sheets will be used so that the grain on the front and back will always run the same direction) is another wood by-product utilized.

wood veneers

typically cut from very high grade timber and selected for desirable grain patterns and uniformity of color.

Artificial laminates,

when man made artificial products are utilized in the manufacturing of engineered wood caskets.