Merrill's Ch6 Leg & Knee

Lateral knee criteria: 1) ____ condyles are superimposed over each other 2) open joint between the femoral condyle and ____ 3) ____ is in lateral profile 4) open _______ joint 5) Slight imposition of the fibula _____ and tibia

1) femoral 2)tibia 3) patella 4) patellofemoral 5) head

AP Knee Criteria: 1) open _____ joint space that is equal-lateral 2) patella is superimposed on the ____ 3) slight superimposition of fibular ___ and tibia is normal

1) femorotibial 2) femur 3) head

AP Knee (weight-bearing) criteria: 1) include both ___ joints 2) joint space is centered 3) femoral and tibia along the _____ axis

1) knee 3) longitudinal

In AP Oblique knee projections: 1) Where is the patella superimposed on a lateral rotation? 2) Where is the patella superimposed on a medial rotation?

1) lateral condyle 2) medial condyle

Settegast Method (patella) criteria: 1) open _____ articulation 2) _____ condyles are shown

1) patellofemoral 2) femoral

What 3 things are used to determine the use of a grid for a knee projection?

1) size of the patient's knee 2) radiographer's preference 3) physician's preference

Lateral Leg (mediolateral) position: 1) supine on ____ side 2) patella is ____ to IR 3) femoral condyles are ____ to IR 4) knee may be flexed

1)affected 2)perpendicular 3)perpendicular

Lateral Leg criteria: 1) need both ___ and ___ joints with no rotation 2) distal fibula superimposed over ____ aspect of tibia 3) Slight overlap of the tibia on the proximal ____of fibula 4) no or slight superimposition of ____ condyles 5) _____ amount of tib/fib separation of shafts

1)knee, ankle 2)posterior 3)head 4)femoral 5)moderate

AP Leg criteria: 1) needs both ___ and ___ joints with no rotation 2) ___ and ____ articulations of the tib/fib have moderate overlap 3) ____ midshaft free of superimposition

1)knee, ankle 2)proximal, distal 3)fibula

AP Oblique Knee (Medial rotation) criteria: 1) ___/____ articulation is open 2) ____ aspect of the tibia is shown 3) the ___ condyles of the tibia and femur as shown 4) Open ____ of the tibia, opening the ___ joint 5) patella superimposed and goes beyond the ____ ____ of the femur

1)tibia/fibula 2) posterior 3) lateral 4) plateaus, knee 5) medial condyle

AP Knee CR:

1/2" inferior to apex Angles of ray: <19cm is 3-5 * caudal 19-24 cm is 0* >24 cm is 3-5 * cephalic

AP Oblique Knee (medial rotation) CR:

1/2" inferior to apex Angles of ray: <19cm is 3-5 * caudal 19-24 cm is 0* >24 cm is 3-5 * cephalic

Don't flex knee over ____ in order to prevent separation or further fracturing patella/

10*

AP Knee position: 1) supine 2) IR under knee and centered 1/2" below the ____ 3) femoral epicondyles are ___ with the IR

2) apex 3) parallel

AP Oblique Knee (medial rotation) position: 1) supine 2) ____ rotate limb to ___*

2) medially, 45

AP Leg position: 1)supine 2)femoral condyles are ____ 3)foot is in a _____ position

2) parallel 3) verticle

Settegast Method (patella) position: 1)Prone or seated 2) IR is centered to joint space between the ___ and ___ ___ 3) ____ knee as much as possible or until the patella is ___ with the IR

2) patella, femoral condyles 3)flex, perpendicular

What kVp, mAs and SID is typically used in all leg projections?

63 kVp, 2 mAs, 40SID

What kVp, mAs, and SID are typically used for a knee projection?

65 kVp, 12mAs, and 40"

What kVp and mAs is used with the typical patella projection?

65 kVp, 2mAs

Lateral knee CR:

1" distal to medial epicondyle and at 5-7 * cephalic

Lateral Leg Collimation:

1" on both sides, 1 1/2" beyond ankle and knee joints

AP Leg Collimation

1" on sides, 1 1/2" beyond ankles and knee joints

In AP and AP Obliques of the knee, what angle of the CR will be imposed if: 1) < 19cm: 2) 19-24cm: 3) >24 cm

1) 3-5* caudal 2) 0* 3) 3-5* cephalic

Lateral knee postion: (mediolateral) 1) turn on ____ side 2) flex knee ___-__* to open joint 3) epicondyles of the femur is ___ to the IR 4) patella is ____ to the IR

1) affected 2) 20, 30 3) perpendicular 4) perpendicular

AP Knee (weight-bearing) position: 1) upright with ____ weight distribution with back to bucky 2) center the IR to the ____

1) equal or even 2) knees

Where is the medial malleolus located in the leg?

Distal tibia

What tangential patella projection uses a 50-60 * angle in the prone position and a 45 * cephalic ray?

Hughston Method

What are the two fibrocartilage disks of the knee joing called?

Lateral and medial meniscus

What projection should be used instead of the lateral leg projection due to lack of movement?

Lateral crosstable (lateromedial) with a horizontal ray

With which structure does the head of the fibula articulate?

Lateral tibial condyle

What tangential patella projection uses a 40 * angle over the edge of the table and a 30* caudal ray?

Merchant Method 1

Name the pathology that is an incomplete separation or avulsion of the tibial tuberosity.

Osgood-Schlatter Disease

Name the congenital defect characterized by brittle bones that are prone to fractures.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) or Brittle bone disease

AP Leg CR

Perpendicular to center of leg

Name the ligaments of the knee joint.

Posterior and Anterior Cruciate ligaments Tibial and fibular collateral ligaments

Where is the intercondylar eminence located?

Proximal tibia between the tibial plateaus

Which leg bone is the weight bearing bone?

Tibia

Why is the AP Weight-bearing projection done?

To find arthritis of the knee as well as varus/valgus deformities

The settegast method should not be done first without ruling out a _____ patella.

fractured

AP Knee (weight-bearing) CR:

horizontal/perpendicular to IR center enter at 1/2" inferior to the apex of the knee

The angle in the settegast method is determined by the degree of the ____ flexion.

knee

Which AP Oblique knee projection shows an open tib/fib articulation?

medial rotation

Settegast Method (patella) CR:

perpendicular to joint space of patella and femoral condyles, if joint not perpendicular, angle ray 15-20 *

Lateral Leg CR:

perpendicular to midpoint of leg

Where is the knee superimposed on an "true" AP knee projection?

slightly off center of the femur to the medial side

In the AP and AP Oblique projection of the knee, the angle of the CR is dependent on a measurement between the ___ and the ____.

ASIS, table

What aspect of the tibia is the crest located?

Anterior

What is the inferior tip of the patella called?

Apex

What structure is located on the proximal end of the fibula?

Apex