MGMT 311 Exam 2 - CH 6

Motivation

a set of energetic forces that originate within and outside an employees that initiates work-related effort and determines its direction, intensity, and persistence

expectancy

represents the belief that exerting a high level of effort will result in the successful performance of some task

instrumentality

represents the belief that successful performance will result in some outcomes

goal setting

views goals as the primary drivers of the intensity and persistence of effort.

competence autonomy relatedness

what are the three innate needs of self-determination theory?

direction

what do you do?

expectancy instrumentality valence

what three beliefs help determine work effort, according to expectancy theory?

specific difficult

what two qualities make goals strong predictors of task performance?

competence

which innate need of self-determination theory is this explaining: "I want to feel a sense of mastery"

relatedness

which innate need of self-determination theory is this explaining: "I want to feel connected to other people"

autonomy

which innate need of self-determination theory is this explaining: "I want to feel independent and able to influence my environment."

worse

with more complicated tasks, more money leads to ____________ performance.

moderate

there is a _________ correlation between motivation and organizational commitment

overjustification effect

under certain conditions extrinsic rewards can undermine intrinsic motivation (rewards can be effective but you have to be thoughtful about when you offer them)

when performing simple/mechanical tasks

under what conditions does more money lead to better performance?

-pay people enough -autonomy, mastery, purpose -self-determination theory

According to Dan Pink, how do you motivate people?

Expectancy theory

describes the cognitive process that employees go through to make choices among different voluntary responses

Elements of Motivation

-direction -intensity -persistence

a deadline for when the books should be printed

Bill lays out a goal for Larry, the head of his printing department. He wants Larry to print exactly 500,000 books, which will be tracked by the counter on the book binding machine. Bill knows Larry can do this because they have printed that many books before. What does Bill need to add to make this a S.M.A.R.T. goal? a deadline for when the books should be printed the contact information for the authors whose books will be printed a sample book so Larry can see what the finished product looks like a list of suggested ways to improve efficiency the promise of a monetary bonus for making the goal

equity

Brandy has been given a great deal of opportunity to advance her career. She recently got a huge increase in authority and salary, and she was hired to do what she has always claimed was her dream job. However, Brandy is not enthusiastic about coming to work, and when she is there, she spends most of her time complaining about how Maurice got a bigger office and nicer furniture than she did. Brandy's behavior would seem to support _____ theory. extrinsic goal setting expectancy equity psychological empowerment

Irvin, who said wages are determined by employee job performance

Employees at Carpet Lot were given a survey about the workplace. One of the questions asked them about their wages. Which of the following respondents gave a response that shows a belief in a high level of instrumentality at Carpet Lot? Irvin, who said wages are determined by employee job performance Skylar, who said that most people are paid based on seniority LaShawn, who said that the highest wages go to dishonest people Marti, who said that wages should be the same for everyone Leah, who said most people get raises because they are related to someone

the cognitive process that employees go through to make choices among different voluntary responses

Expectancy theory focuses on describing the cognitive process that employees go through to make choices among different voluntary responses. How goals are the primary drivers of the intensity and persistence of effort. how employees create a "mental ledger" of the outcomes (or rewards) they get from their job duties. a form of intrinsic motivation in which merely performing the work tasks serves as its own reward. the type of rewards people get from outside forces, such as wages and vacations..

effort, performance, skills and abilities, education, experience, training, seniority

Inputs considered by equity theory

autonomy

In Dan Pink's TED Talk on motivation, Atlassian's FedEx Day, Wikipedia, and Google's 20% time were all offered as examples of organizations fulfilling employees' need for ___________. achievement equity autonomy self-efficacy self-actualization

strong positive

Motivation has a __________ ____________ effect on job performance

pay, seniority benefits, fringe benefits, status symbols, satisfying supervision, workplace perks, intrinsic rewards

Outcomes considered by equity theory

time-sensitive

The "T" in the S.M.A.R.T. goals acronym stands for time-sensitive. tenacious. task-driven. tempered. team-oriented

True

T/F: people who receive difficult goals outperform those who don't

relatedness

To achieve psychological growth, according to self-determination theory, people need to satisfy the three innate needs: competence, autonomy, and _____. power achievement relatedness self-efficacy equity

persistence

Wallace just got a new batch of articles to edit. He is enthused about starting something new. He decides to put all other distractions aside and focus on this task. He gets a great deal done, but after three hours, he is ready for something else. Deciding to quit after a few hours demonstrates the effect of Wallace's motivation on his _____ of effort. sincerity expectancy persistence direction intensity

Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Results-based, time-sensitive

What are SMART goals?

An employee experiences a sense of satisfaction from learning a new skill

Which of the following is an example of an intrinsic reward? An employee receives a pay raise. An employer provides employees with free access to an exercise facility. An employee receives a bonus for meeting a quarterly sales goal. An employee receives praise from his or her supervisor. An employee experiences a sense of satisfaction from learning a new skill.

equity theory

acknowledges that motivation doesn't just depend on your own beliefs and circumstances but also on what happens to other people

Intrinsic outcomes

enjoyment, interestingness, accomplishment, knowledge gain, skill development, personal expression, lack of boredom, lack of anxiety, lack of frustration

moderate positive

equity has a ____________ _____________ effect on organizational commitment.

equitably treated

equity theory argues that you compare your ratio of outcomes and inputs to the ration of some comparison other - some person who seems to provide an intuitive frame of reference for judging equity.

intensity

how hard do you do it?

persistence

how long do you do it?

extrinsic motivation

motivation that is controlled by some contingency that depends on task performance

intrinsic motivation

motivation that is felt when task performance serves as its own reward

Extrinsic outcomes

pay, bonuses, promotions, benefits and perks, spot awards, praise, job security, support, free time, lack of disciplinary actions, lack of demotions, lack of terminations

self-determination theory

people are driven to try to grow and attain fulfillment, with their behavior and well-being influenced by three innate needs.

valence

reflects the anticipated value of the outcomes associated with performance

Motivation has a _____ effect on job performance. weak positive strong negative strong positive moderate positive moderate negative

strong positive

goal commitment

the degree to which a person accepts a goal and is determined to try to reach it.