MGMT 320 CH 2

What are Max Weber's five positive characteristics a better performing organization should have?

1) Clear division of labor 2) a well-defined hierarchy of authority 3) careers based on merit 4) formal rules and procedures 5) Impersonality

Deming's 85-15 rule proposed that ________.

85% chance that the system is at fault; 15% chance that the individual worker is at fault

Which management viewpoint placed emphasis on the importance of understanding human beings and the motivation and encouragement of employees toward achievement?

Behavioral viewpoint

The ______ viewpoint emphasized finding ways to manage work more efficiently and had two branches: scientific and administrative.

Classical

The human relations movement theorist who developed the theory X and theory Y concepts was:

Douglas McGregor

T/F An open system has very little interaction with its environment.

False

T/F The contingency viewpoint says there is only one best way of tackling a problem in management.

False

T/F Gary Hamel believes that management is static; most views and theories about management from the past still hold true today.

False; he believes that much of management theory is dated and does not reflect the reality of modern organizational life

T/F Henri Fayol was the first to describe the bureaucracy as a rational, efficient, ideal organization.

False; it was Max Weber

____________ is best known for defining the techniques of scientific management, and is known as the "father of scientific management".

Frederick W Taylor

The two original proponents of evidence-based management are:

Jeffrey Pfeffer and Robert Sutton

__________ focuses on using mathematics to aid in problem-solving and decision-making.

Management science

Which individuals pioneered Administrative Management theory?

Max Weber & Henri Fayol

The two theorists who contributed the most to the human relations movement were Abraham Maslow and Douglas _______, who developed the theory X and Theory Y concepts.

McGregor

Indicate which 4 disciplines are considered to be behavioral sciences.

Psychology sociology anthropology economics

________ techniques were developed by Walter Shewart, who used statistical sampling to locate errors by testing just some of the items in a particular production run.

Quality Control

Which of the following contemporary perspectives focused on quality-control, quality assurance, and total quality management.

Quality management viewpoint

Two branches of the classical viewpoint are ________ & ________.

Scientific and administrative

Taylor thought that ______ should be used to plan the work methods and ease the way for workers to do their jobs.

Scientific principles

Original investigation of the Hawthorne studies was:

The effects of lighting levels on worker productivity

Administrative management is concerned with managing ______.

The total organization

The quality-management viewpoint includes which three concepts?

Total quality management, quality control, quality assurance

T/F A supervisor who considers her employees to be unwilling to learn new things is a Theory X managers.

True

T/F Employee satisfaction is considered output of an organization.

True

T/F Joseph M. Juran suggested with his concept of "fitness for use" that the best way to focus a company's efforts was to concentrate on the real needs of customers.

True

T/F Quality is one of the most important ways of adding value to a product or service, thereby distinguishing an organization from those of competitors.

True

T/F Quantitative management is the application to management of quantitative techniques, such as statistics and computer simulations.

True

T/F The principal benefit offered by understanding the inherent assumptions of the theory X and theory Y perspectives is that they can help managers avoid falling into the trap of the self-fulfilling prophecy.

True

T/F Through the rational management of resources and the distribution of goods and services, operations management ensures that a company operates efficiently and effectively.

True

T/F Virtual organization members can work from anywhere in the world as long as they can be connected to the Internet.

True

T/F Operations research was used during World War II to establish the optimum pattern in which search planes should fly to try to locate enemy ships.

True; OR uses mathematics and statistics to determine how to most effectively advocate the use of limited resources

T/F Abraham Maslow developed a hierarchy of human needs in an effort to explain motivation.

True; he suggested that some needs must be satisfied before others in order for higher levels of motivation to occur

Scientific management emerged in the early 1900s as a way to combat which of the following basic economic problems? a. Labor was in short supply b. excess raw materials c. decreased demand in markets d. increased government regulations

a. Labor was in short supply ; because labor was in short supply, managers felt pressure to raise the productivity of workers

Strategy for minimizing errors at each stage of production is called ________. a. Quality control b. operations research c. total quality management d. quality assurance

a. Quality control

Which of the following would be considered characteristics Theory Y workers? a. accepting of responsibility b. imaginative and creative c. capable of self direction d. lacking ambition e. resistant to change

a. accepting of responsibility b. imaginative and creative c. capable of self direction

Which of the following ideas belong to Follett's views on power-sharing among employees and managers? a. conflicts should be resolved by having managers and workers talk over differences and find solutions that would satisfy both parties b. psychologists should devise management strategies to influence employees to follow management's interests c. the work process should be under the control of workers with the relevant knowledge instead of managers d. organizations should be operated as "communities", with managers and subordinates working together in harmony

a. conflicts should be resolved by having managers and workers talk over differences and find solutions that would satisfy both parties c. the work process should be under the control of workers with the relevant knowledge instead of managers d. organizations should be operated as "communities", with managers and subordinates working together in harmony

Which management viewpoint asks this question: "what method is the best to use under these particular circumstances?" a. contingency b. bureaucracy c. classical d. administrative e. behavioral

a. contingency

Which management viewpoint would seem to be the most practical of all the ones discussed because it analyzes problems on a case by case basis and varies the solution accordingly? a. contingency b. behavioral c. scientific d. classical e. systems

a. contingency

The Hawthorne studies were important due to which two of the following contributions? a. drawing attention to the importance of "social man" b. enhancing productivity through the use of motion studies c. indicating the importance of managers and subordinates working in harmony d. describing the structure of large corporations e. showing that good human relations could improve productivity

a. drawing attention to the importance of "social man" e. showing that good human relations could improve productivity

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth were pioneers in scientific management. Which profession did they come from? a. industrial engineering b. mechanical engineering c. human resource management d. industrial psychology e. electrical engineering

a. industrial engineering

Identify benefits of studying different management perspectives from yesterday and today. a. provides a guide to action b. proves that old management methods are always more successful the new ones c. provides clues to the meaning of the managers decisions d. serves as a source for new ideas

a. provides a guide to action c. provides clues to the meaning of the managers decisions d. serves as a source for new ideas

Which of the following are parts of a system? a. transformation process b. modifying behavior c. inputs d. zero defects e. outputs f. feedback

a. transformation process c. inputs e. outputs f. feedback

Which of the following follows Mary Parker Follett's recommendation to managers? a. Managers should give precise instructions to employees b. managers should work cooperatively with employees c. managers should leave workers alone when they are working d. managers should establish clear lines of separation from employees

b. managers should work cooperatively with employees

Indicate which items are considered inputs into a system. a. employee satisfaction b. people c. money d. profits e. equipment f. raw materials g. labor

b. people c. money e. equipment f. raw materials g. labor

In which ways did Munsterburg suggest that psychologists could contribute to industry? a. provide therapy and counseling to employees in order to make them happier workers b. study jobs and determine which people are best suited for specific jobs c. identify the psychological conditions under which employees do their best work d. devise management strategies to influence employees to follow managements interests

b. study jobs and determine which people are best suited for specific jobs c. identify the psychological conditions under which employees do their best work d. devise management strategies to influence employees to follow managements interests

Which of the following was a primary researcher of the Hawthorne studies? a. Max Weber b. Mary Parker Follett c. Elton Mayo d. Abraham Maslow e. Henri Ford

c. Elton Mayo

The study of how order in patterns arise from very complicated, apparently chaotic systems is called: a. closed system b. open system c. complexity theory d. systems viewpoint

c. complexity theory ; it seeks to understand how organizations adapt to their environments

Which statement is not true about Peter Drucker? a. he was trained in economics and international law b. he wrote the practice of management c. he invented evidence-based management d. he introduced the idea that work or should be treated as assets

c. he invented evidence-based management

Munsterberg is important to the study of management because: a. he was a pioneer of administrative management b. he wrote "The Practice of Management" c. his ideas to the field of industrial psychology d. he created motion studies

c. his ideas to the field of industrial psychology

Which one of the following is correct regarding a closed system? a. it emphasizes that a manager's style is based on their environment b. it interacts with its environment c. it has little interaction with its environment d. it is focused on profitability e. it receives a great deal of feedback from the environment

c. it has little interaction with its environment

Which of the following is not one of the five positive bureaucratic features according to Max Weber? a. formal rules and procedures b. careers based on merit c. use of scientific principles d. clear division of labor e. well-defined hierarchy of authority

c. use of scientific principles

The classical management viewpoint often considered an organization a(n) _______ system.

closed

Which of the following is correct regarding an open system? a. an open system only exists in an ideal state b. an open system receives little feedback from the environment c. an open system has little interaction with its environment d. an open system continually interacts with its environment e. an open system emphasizes a manager's style in their environment

d. an open system continually interacts with its environment

All of the following are key functions or roles that managers must perform to create learning organizations except: a. build a commitment to learning b. generalize ideas with impact by creating a psychologically safe environment that increases the sharing of information c. generate ideas with impact d. create barriers to obtaining company information

d. create barriers to obtaining company information

In Mary Parker Follet's version of organizations operating as communities, which of the following is true? a. managers provide one way communication only b. managers control knowledge and workers follow guidelines c. managers devise strategies for increased production d. managers and subordinates work together in unity e. managers give orders and employees accept orders

d. managers and subordinates work together in unity

The part of a system that involves turning raw materials and knowledge into a new and different product or service is called: a. inputs b. product feedback c. outputs d. transformation process e. subsystem

d. transformation process

The main benefit of management science is the use of rational, science-based techniques in mathematical models to improve _______ and strategic planning.

decision-making

Which one of the following is the best example of feedback? a. money b. materials c. management skills d. organizational capabilities e. customers buying the product

e. customers buying the product

Which of the following is not a reason to study the theoretical perspectives of management? a. provides an understanding of the present b. serves as a guide to action c. provides clues to the meaning of your managers decisions d. provides a source of new ideas e. prepares you for every possible management issue that may arise

e. prepares you for every possible management issue that may arise

Taylor believed that by applying the four principles of science to prevent/eliminate soldiering: a. the hiring process would be streamlined b. workplace morale would soar c. more workers would quit d. workers would be happier e. productivity would be increased

e. productivity would be increased ; this was because he believed soldiering caused losses in productivity

Bringing rationality to the decision-making process is a major aim of which type of management?

evidence-based management

Mary Parker Follett felt that managers should act as ______ rather than dictators.

facilitators

The fourth part of a system that provides information about the reaction of the environment to the outputs and affects the inputs is called:

feedback

The classical, behavioral, and quantitative viewpoints fall under the ______ perspective of management.

historical

According to Mary Parker Follett, ______ is a process whereby conflicts should be resolved by having managers and workers talk over differences and find solutions that would satisfy both parties.

integration

______ stresses the use of rational, science-based techniques and mathematical models to improve decision-making and strategic planning.

management science

Two traditional strategies for ensuring quality are quality control and _______.

quality assurance

______ focuses on the performance of workers urging employees to strive for "zero defects".

quality assurance

Goodwill, respect, trust, and teamwork among workers are all examples of ______ capital.

social; it is the economic or productive potential of strong, trusting, and cooperative relationships

John works as a mechanic at XYZ Auto. Most days, although he could work much more quickly and efficiently, he deliberately works at less capacity. Taylor would explain John is ________.

soldiering

Taylor believed that managers could eliminate ______ by applying the four principles of science.

soldiering

The _______ viewpoint regards the organization as arrangements of interrelated parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose.

systems

Eric's management style leads him to focus on training his team, improving customer satisfaction, and continuously improving the quality of his organizations products and services. Eric uses _____________ management.

total quality