MGMT 380
Success should come through hard work and talent
Which of the following is true of power and authority relationship in the United States?
spatial complexity
Which of the following refers to geographic dispersion in an organization?
Societies higher on future orientation
Which type of society emphasizes visionary leadership that is capable of seeing patterns in the face of chaos and uncertainty?
image
transformational leaders in a firm build trust in their leadership and the attainability of their goals through a(n) ________ of seemingly unshakable self-confidence, strength of moral conviction, personal example and self-sacrifice, and unconventional tactics or behavior.
readiness
A follower's ability and willingness to accomplish a particular task refers to follower _______.
role
According to _________ theory, a leader's behavior depends on a leader's perceptions of several critical aspects of the situation.
- It inhibits assertive, confrontational behavior and puts a premium on maintaining harmony - Effective leaders are expected to show compassion while demonstrating more of an autocratic than participatory leadership style
According to a survey of executives in the 500 largest corporations in the world, identify the features of Malaysian leadership culture in comparison with German Leadership culture.
- Egocentric - Dictatorial - Irritable
According to the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness Research Program (GLOBE), which of the following are leader attributes or behaviors universally viewed as negative?
- Trustworthy - Foresighted - Communicative - Informed
According to the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness Research Program (GLOBE), which of the following are specific attributes or behaviors that are viewed universally across cultures as contributing to leadership effectiveness?
- Claire who is a loner -Kevin who is noncooperative -Andrew who is asocial
According to the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness Research Program (GLOBE), who among the following leaders show attributes or behaviors that are viewed negative?
- Rachel who is an effective bargainer - Stella who is a confidence builder - Bryan who is administratively skilled
According to the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness Research Program (GLOBE), who among the following leaders show specific attributes or behaviors that are viewed universally across cultures as contributing to leadership effectiveness?
routinization
According to the LMX theory, during the ______ stage, similarities and differences become cemented.
Talent
According to the Leader-Follower-Situation Model, which of the following is not a perspective from which to view the situation?
Followers: -Able but unwilling or insecure -Able and willing or confident Leaders: -Unable but willing or confident -Unable and unwilling or insecure
Analyze the given image of Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership model, and classify the aspects of follower readiness under the corresponding parties that direct these aspects.
hierarchy
Government agencies, fast-food chains, and traditional large manufacturing companies are all examples of organizations with a(n) _________ culture.
Loss of relationships
Helping employees build new associations before change occurs or soon thereafter
change
In Beer's model of organizational change, "C" refers to amount of _____________.
True
In an organizational context, charismatic leaders need to keep in mind that some people will become alienated with their vision and movement and can have emotions just as intense as those of the followers of the vision.
True
In an organizational context, leading in a relatively stable situation presents different challenges, generally simpler ones, than does leading in a dynamic situation.
- Determining task structure involves assessing whether there are detailed descriptions of work products - Leaders who rate leader-member relations as high feel they have the support of their followers and can rely on their royalty
In the context of Fiedler's contingency model of leadership, identify the true statements about the subelements of situation favorability.
adolescents who were rated by coaches and peers to be more transformational were also more likely to have parents who were transformational leaders
In the context of research on transformational leadership, Zacharatos, Barling, and Kelloway reported that __________.
charismatic
In which authority system do people derive authority because of their exemplary characteristics?
kleptocracy
Is a system in which people pay large tributes to a small group of people at the top, but get little in return.
centralization
The degree of diffusion of decisions making throughout an organization refers to the level of _________.
Develop special relationships with a limited number of high potential followers
To enhance the overall effectiveness of the organization, leaders should do all of the following except which?
false
Transformational leaders are inherently future oriented, while charismatic leaders are not.
image
Transformational leaders in a firm build trust in their leadership and the attainability of their goals through a(n) _________ of seemingly unshakable self-confidence, strength of moral conviction, personal example and self-sacrifice, and unconventional tactics or behavior.
situational engineering
Fatima, a manager, faces time constraints at work and hence fails to interact with her subordinates. She reviews her own tasks and then delegates some to the subordinates to free up some of her time for creating opportunities to interact with them. This scenario primarily illustrates the concept of _______.
organizational climate
Feelings about co-workers or company policies or other non task perceptions of work are mainly concerned with
False
Followers who are content with the status quo are most likely to perceive a need for a charismatic leader or be willing to devote great effort to fundamentally change an organization or society.
increase dissatisfaction to the point where followers are inclined to take action
Followers' emotions are the fuel for organizational change, and change often requires a considerable amount of fuel. The key for leadership practitioners is to __________.
interdependence
Football, soccer, and hockey are all examples of tasks that have high levels or task _________.
legal-rational
In a _______ authority system, a person possesses authority not because of tradition or birthright, but because of the laws that govern the position occupied.
showing commitment to followers' needs over self-interest
In an organizational context, transformational leaders build trust in their leadership and the attainability of their goals by __________.
situational engineering
In the context of an organization, leaders can use their knowledge of how a situation affects leadership to proactively change the situation in order to enhance the likelihood of success. This is called ______ _____.
A leader solves a problem or makes a decision by himself or herself using the information available at the time.
In the context of leadership effectiveness, which of the following represents the autocratic level of participation in the normative decision model?
- The primary work group -The formal authority system -The task
What are the situational factors considered by the path-goal theory of leadership that impact or moderate the effects of leader behavior on follower attitudes and behaviors?
select the readiness level one above the follower's current readiness level
When boosting follower readiness, a leader should
siloed
When leaders act to optimize their part of the organization at the expense of sub optimizing the organization's overall effectiveness, the leader is using ______ thinking.
siloed
When the head of sales changes the sales compensation plan because she believed her sole concern was annual revenues, she is using _______ thinking.
The contingency model
Which model is the most validated of all leadership theories?
- Transformational leadership is a better predictor of organizational effectiveness than transactional or laissez-faire leadership -Laissez-faire leadership is negatively correlated with effectiveness
Which of the following are research results of transformational and transactional or laissez-faire leadership?
- It views decision making as taking place at a singe point in time - It assumes that some of the prescriptions of the model may not be the best for a given situation
Which of the following are typically considered the problems with the normative decision model of leadership?
Followers strongly identify with their leader's vision
Which of the following best describes the acceptance by followers of the vision of a charismatic leader?
Organizational climate
Which of the following concerns members' subjective reactions to the organization?
To be the industry leader in waste-to-energy operating companies
Which of the following is an example of a vision statement?
The normative decision model
Which of the following is concerned with how much input subordinates should have in the decision-making process?
Inflexible
Which of the following is not a characteristic leader must have to be successful?
In-depth outside searches for candidates with strong potential
Which of the following is not a part of good succession planning?
Telling people who should complete a task
Which of the following is not an example of a relationship behavior?
Competitive culture
Which of the following is not one of the four cultures identified in the Competing Values Framework?
They have significant doubts about their role in achieving the vision
Which of the following is not true about followers' regard for their charismatic leader's authority?
Followers are less willing to subordinate themselves to the leader.
Which of the following is not true of charismatic leaders and their followers?
They are satisfied primarily by establishing and maintaining close interpersonal relationships.
Which of the following is not true of low-LPC leaders?
It is generally more difficult to change a culture in a new organization than in an older organization.
Which of the following is not true of the role of leaders in an organization's culture?
Charismatic leaders need only to have vision, not share vision.
Which of the following is not true?
Fiedler's contingency model of leadership
Which of the following is the earliest and most well-known contingency theory?
It is popular because it is easy to understand and takes a common sense perspective.
Which of the following is true of the Situational Leadership model?
Leaders should be careful to not let their own values interfere with professional leader-subordinate relationships.
Which of the following is true?
Those with high levels of learning agility and adaptability
Which of the following leaders would be considered most effective?
Hewlett-Packard
Which of the following organizations has suffered because of its lack of good succession planning?
- Does the problem possess a quality requirement? - Is acceptance by subordinates important for effective implementation? - Is conflict among subordinates over preferred solutions likely?
Which of the following questions are part of Vroom and Yetton's leadership decision tree that helps leaders determine how much participation subordinates should have to optimize decision quality and acceptance related to a problem?
Research findings in Western cultures have been found to translate well to developing cultures.
Which of the following statements regarding leading across societal cultures is not true?
Anglo
Which societal cluster ranks high on the participative dimension and also high on the humane-oriented dimension?
Middle East
Which societal cluster ranks low on both the charismatic/valued-based leadership dimension and the team-oriented leadership dimension?
Expectancy theory
Which theory would best provide perspective on the question "if I study for 12 hours, what is the probability that I'll get an A on the exam?"
An individual who is not emotionally expressive
Which type of leader is not likely to be a transformational leader?
An auto manufacturer
Which type of organization is most likely to have a high degree of formalization?
Top leaders
Who is likely to progress through the SARA model first?
True
Willing subordination to the leader involves the deference of followers to his or her authority.
False
Nonverbal communication is not important for charismatic leaders.
loss of competence
Offering coaching, mentoring, training, peer coaching, job aids, and so forth
The organization's goal
Spells out specifically what the organization is trying to accomplish and when it will be accomplished
vision
Strategic goals are reflected in the _______ component.
autonomy
Task ______ refers to the degree to which a job provides an individual with some control over what he does and how he does it.
follower, situation
The norms, cohesiveness, size, and stage of development of groups are part of the _____ function in the L-F-S model, but are part of the ________ function in path-goal theory.
A low level of task and a low level of relationship behaviors
A follower has both substantial training and experience in a required task. According to Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership model, which of the following leadership behaviors should the leader exhibit in this scenario?
GLOBE
A research program called the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness Research Program is referred to as _________.
quality
A situation in which a decision has a rational or objectively determinable "better or worse" alternative, whereby the leader should select the better alternative, is concerned with decision __________.
charisma
A strong emotional reaction to, identification with, and belief in some leaders by followers refers to _______.
Internal-lcous-of-control follower: -They were much more satisfied with leaders who exhibited participative behaviors than they were with leaders who were directive External-locus-of-control followers: -They were more satisfied with directive leader behaviors than they were with participative leader behaviors
According to Mitchell, Smyser, and Weed's study based on the path-goal theory of leadership, match the types of followers based on their loci of control with the corresponding findings related to leader behaviors.
- It does not value compassion - Interpersonal relationships are straightforward and stern
According to a survey of executives in the 500 largest corporation in the world, which of the following are features of German leadership culture in comparison with Malaysian leadership culture?
- By offering an appealing vision of the future - By increasing followers' confidence in getting the job done -By changing followers' perceptions of work itself - By developing a collective identify among followers
According to theory of charismatic or transformational leadership developed by House and his colleagues, identify the ways in which charismatic leaders are believed to motivate their followers.
True
All transformational leaders are charismatic, but not all charismatic leaders are transformational.
high task autonomy
An individual with _______ would have discretion in scheduling work and how to accomplish it.
Rituals
An organization's retirement ceremonies are an example of which of Schein's organizational culture factors?
more quickly
Attributions of charisma will spread _______ in organizations having well-established social networks as compared to those without well-established networks.
1. 2. 3.
Based on Conger and Kanungo's stage model to differentiate charismatic from non charismatic leaders, arrange the steps taken by charismatic leaders in the correct order of occurrence.
False
Before a decision is implemented, it must be accepted.
volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous
Change impacts virtually every organization everywhere, and everyone in them. An acronym has been given to this new state of affairs: VUCA. Coined by the Army War College, the term VUCA describers a world that is ______.
These are all examples of citizen dissatisfaction with government
Citizen dissatisfaction with their government is reflected in which of the following?
acceptance
Decision _______ implies that followers accept the decision as if it were their own and not merely comply with the decision.
Loss of identity
Demonstrating empathy and emphasizing the value of new roles
Loss of power
Demonstrating empathy, good listening skills, and new ways to build authority
Supportive leadership
Expressing genuine concern for the well-being of followers and remaining open and approachable to followers are examples of which type of leadership?
The organization's vision
Helps the organization make choices about what it should and should not do, the kind of people it should hire and retain, the rules by which it should operate, and so on
relationship
How much a leader engages in two-way communication refers to _____ behavior.
relationship
How much a leader engages in two-way communication refers to ______ behavior.
- Organizational theory -Management -Organizational behavior
Identify the disciplines that the study of the formal establishment is most associated with.
decision making authority is delegated to individual managers.
In American organizations ____________.
- By demonstrating a high degree of patience - By ensuring that followers gain proficiency with the new systems and skills as quickly as possible - By setting realistic expectations
In the context of resistance to organizational change, identify the ways in which leaders can help followers deal with their frustration.
They spend a considerable amount of time training followers, resolving work unit or team performance problems, and implementing policies.
In the context of the level of authority of leaders in an organization, which of the following is true about first-line supervisors, lower-level leaders, and coaches?
Role-taking
In which phase of leader-member exchange does the leader offer opportunities and evaluate the follower's performance and potential?
Charismatic
In which type of authority system must leaders project an image of success in order for followers to believe they possess superhuman qualities?
The leader-member exchange model
In-group and out-group interactions are the focus of which theory?
- They created sharp distinctions between an intellectual elite on the one hand and a direct labor workforce on the other. -They worked with customers and suppliers via arm's-length transactions. -They gained competitive advantage through specialization of functional skills in areas like manufacturing and distribution. -They prospered by offering low-cost but standardized products and services
Kaplan and Norton have described a set of operating assumptions underlying the information age and contrasted them with their predecessors in the industrial age. In this context, identify the operating assumptions about industrial age organizations.
False
Leadership is usually independent of the aspects of the formal organization.
transactional
Leadership that typically does not result in organizational or societal change, but rather perpetuates and legitimizes the status quo is called _______ leadership.
-Delegating: Low-task behavior and low relationship behavior -Participating: Low task behavior and high relationship behavior -Selling: High task behavior and high relationship behavior -Telling: High task behavior and low relationship behavior
Match leader behaviors with corresponding quadrants of the model from Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership model:
adaptive
Most social problems are considered to be _______ problems.
True
Organizational culture differs across organizations.
clan
Organizations that emphasize having a high degree of flexibility and discretion and that also primarily focus inward have a ________ culture.
adhocracy
Organizations that emphasize having a high degree of flexibility and discretion, and focus primarily on the environment outside the organization are primarily described as _______ cultures.
True
Path-goal theory maintains that leaders should first assess the situation and then choose a leadership behavior appropriate to the situation.
False
Research has not shown strong support for the idea that transformational leaders are effective at large-scale societal or organization change.
crisis
The most important situational factor associated with charismatic leadership is the presence or absence of a ________.
market
The Competing Values Frameworks defines a ______ culture as one in which the primary focus is on the external environment.
False. The biggest limitation of the LMX model is that it does not describe the specific behaviors that lead to high-quality relationship exchanges between leaders and followers.
The LMX model is particularly valuable because it identifies the specific behaviors that lead to high quality relationships between leaders and followers.
change plan
The ______ _____ outlines the sequence of events, key deliverables, time lines, responsible parties, metrics, and feedback needed to achieve new organizational goals.
systems thinking
The ______ ______ approach asks leaders to think about the organization as a set of interlocking systems, and explains how changes in one system can have intended and unintended consequences for other parts of the organization.
implicit
The ______ leadership theory holds that individuals have implicit beliefs and assumptions about attributes and behaviors that distinguish leaders from followers, effective leaders from ineffective leaders, and moral from immoral leaders.
Multifactor Leadership
The _______ ________ Questionnaire is a 360-degree feedback instrument that assesses five transformational and three transactional factors and a non leadership factor.
situational leadership
The ________ ______ model addresses the question of whether there is an optimum way for leaders to adjust their behavior with different followers to increase the likelihood of a successful interaction.
charismatic/value-based
The ability to inspire, motivate, and expect high performance from others on the basis of firmly held core values refers to _________ leadership.
traditional
The authority system in which the traditions or unwritten laws of the society dictate who has authority and how this authority can be used is the _______ authority system.
situation
The contingency model's task structure and position power are concerned with which part of the interactional framework?
formalization
The degree of standardization in an organization refers to its _________.
task feedback
The degree to which a person accomplishing a task receives information about performance from performing the task itself is known as _____ _____.
task
The degree to which tasks require coordination and synchronization for work groups or teams to accomplish desired goals refers to ________ interdependence.
situational
The difference between task level, organization level, and the environmental level refers to ______ levels.
task
The extent to which a leader spells out the responsibilities of individual or group refers to ________ behavior.
leader-member relations
The extent to which relationships between the leader and followers are generally cooperative and friendly or antagonistic and difficult is concerned with ________.
co-worker (LPC) scale
The instrument called the least preferred ______ (LPC) ________ instructs a leader to think of the single individual with whom he has had the greatest difficult working and then to describe that individual in terms of series of bipolar adjectives.
time
The most important and overlooked situational variable affecting charismatic leadership is ______.
situation
The question "what is the task to be accomplished" is concerned with which part of the interactional framework?
SARA
The reactions to change of shock, anger, rejection, and acceptance refer to the ________ model.
Max Weber
The single most important work on early work in charismatic leadership was written by ___________.
kleptocracy
The system in which British citizens pay large sums of money in the form of taxes to support the queen reflects a ______.
path-goal theory
The theory that deals with expectancy is
multiple-influence
The theory that distinguishes between situational variables like task characteristics and situational variables like the external environment is the ______-______ model.
A structured task
There is a known procedure for accomplishing the task; there are rules governing how one goes about it; and if people follow those rules, there is one result.
expectation-performance
There is often a temporary drop in performance or productivity as followers learn new systems and skills. The difference between initial expectations and reality is called the _________ ______ gap and can be the source of considerable frustration.
An unstructured task
There may be no clear-cut method for accomplishing the task, and there are many different ways, perhaps none of which is obvious or necessarily best for accomplishing it.
Participative leadership
They include behaviors that mark the consultative and group behaviors described by Vroom and Yetton.
Supportive leadership
They include having courteous and friendly interactions, expressing genuine concern for the followers' well-being and individual needs, and remaining open and approachable to followers.
Directive leadership
They include telling the followers what they are expected to do, how to do it, when it is to be done, and how their work fits in with the work of others.
High-LPC leaders
They will concentrate on relationships
Low-LPC leaders
They will concentrate on the task
Horizontal
_______ complexity refers to the number of boxes at any given level of an organizational chart.
Malicious compliance
_______ occurs when followers either ignore or actively sabotage change requests.
Societal
________ culture refers to those learned behaviors characterizing the total way of life of members within any given society.
Adaptive
_________ leadership skill involves behaviors associated with being able to successfully flex and adjust to changing situations.
systems thinking
a leader who anticipates that problems could occur in manufacturing or customer service after changes are implemented to the compensation system to motivate sales people is using the _________ _______ approach.
task
telling people what to do, how to do it, and when to do it are all examples of ______ behavior.