MGMT 478 - Test 3
Identify the benefits that occur when a leaders listens to the ideas of employees.
- results in open channels of communication - makes employees more loyal - increases employee pride
Identify the examples of organizational citizenship behavior.
- support others - having virtues of good citizen - being true at heart
Match the areas with the possibly actions by management that will help improve employee morale.
- Technical and physical aspects: dividing long production and assembly lines into smaller work units - Job Autonomy and discretion: permitting employees to determine and use their own methods of working - Task Assignment: assigning whole tasks, starting from their preparation to their completion - Pay and Reward system: introducing a group bonus - Training: providing development for all employees - Organizational structure: reducing the levels or hierarchy in an organization
Identify the characteristics of an autonomous work unit with more than 200 employees.
- The motivation levels of employees reduce drastically - Interaction among employees is low - the quality of work life goes down
According to Douglas McGregor's Theory X, Identify the beliefs of an average person.
- They lack ambition, prefers to be lead, and dislikes responsibility. - They are gullible and not very bright - They are by nature resistant to change
Identify Robert Cole's principles of leadership that empower people.
- Trust in people - Invest/value in people - recognize accomplishments - decentralize decision making - view work as a cooperative effort
Match the following key elements of good relationships to their respective ways of expression.
- Trust: it is expressed by a person's openness in sharing ideas and feelings - Respect: it is expressed by a person's readiness to listen to others' ideas and feelings
What are the ingredients integral to Joseph Jablonski's definition of quality?
- a continual improvement of processes - the use of groups to achieve quality - a leadership based participation
According to Csikszentmilhalyi, which of the following dimensions are experienced by people who are in a state of flow?
- an altered sense of time - supreme concentration on the assigned task
How can leaders handle improper behavior at their workplace?
- by opting for offender counseling - by using codes of conduct - by taking disciplinary action
How can leaders keep their employees' morale high and performance up in the work group?
- by showing that they care about their employees' problems and ideas - by showing support - by being predictable and consistent - by setting the example
Identify the principles of Fredrick Winslow Taylor's scientific management philosophy.
- cooperating with employees to ensure that the work is done scientifically - ensuring division or responsibility between management and employees - scientifically choosing and training employees - developing a science for each element of an employee's work
Identify the rules that must be followed in meetings that are conducted in organizations.
- decide objectives and make agendas - encourage active employees participation
Which of the following is an overstimulated person likely to be preoccupied with?
- framing an embarrassing questions to ask the speaker - figuring our how his or her personal ideas got affected - enjoying the discomfort face by the speaker post devastating reply
What are the rules of leadership identified by former U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell?
- have a vision - share credit - be calm and kind - check small things
What are the points or practices proposed by Deming to ensure a successful workplace?
- implements education programs to train employees to use new methods, materials and technologies - focus on continuous quality improvement through the use of statistical methods - define management's commitments to quality and productivity - encourage open, two-way communication
Which of the following changes is true of an organization's performance after quality efforts?
- increased product reliability - increased job satisfaction
Identify the most preferred source of information for people in organizations.
- policy handbook - immediate supervision
What is the focus of McGregor's Theory Y?
- provision of guidance - extraction of obstacles - encouragement of growth
Identify the steps followed in all styles of problem solving.
- reflecting on results - taking action - having experiences
Match the type of workplace empowerment to its appropriate characteristic according to the process of taking initiative.
- unempowered: employees wait for work to be assigned to them - empowered: employees inform leaders and begin self-assigned work - out of control: multiple employees work randomly on the same goal
When, according to McGregor, is an enlightened workplace possible?
- when individuals are allowed to act freely and take responsibility for consequences - when all employees participate actively in organizational activities - when there is humanistic treatment of people as valuable
List the steps of Deming's chain reaction for business success in the correct order
1. Quality is improved 2. Costs involved are reduced 3. The level of productivity is improved 4. markets are captured due to better-quality products from the organization 5. Business operations are continued in the organization 6. A greater number of jobs is provided by the organization
Arrange the following steps of force field analysis in the correct squence.
1. depict the current state of an organization 2. increase the drivers or reduce the barriers to change by formulating strategies 3. Implement change initiatives
Arrange the steps involved in a plan-to-do-check-act cycle in the correct order.
1. using empirical data, the desired changes are prepared 2. desired changes are implemented 3. the results or the desired change are analyzed 4. Further changes are implements based on the result of the analysis
In order to gain people's trust, leaders should ____.
listen responsively
The management of an organization can manage its employees' morale by ____.
listening to them and reading between the lines of what is said and done by them
According to Douglas McGregor, in an enlightened workplace, a leader should to influence his or her employees by using techniques of ____.
openness
Which of the following areas are positively associated with job design in an organization?
organizational commitment and employee performance
The Einstein style of problem solving is characterized by the ____.
development of assumptions and formulation of ideas
Match the following team processes to the respective tasks from leaders.
- Accountability: clarity of assignments - Learning: development of members - Partnering: supportive work climate - Buy-In: agreement on direction - Infrastructure: allocation of resources
Which of the following areas are covered under the ISO 9000 standards or performance?
- system approach to management - process approach to work - involvement of people - continual improvement
Identify the essential features of an effective team.
- team members listen while others talk - leaders encourage members to discuss before performing any task - team members understand and accept the objectives of the team
The definition of Six Sigma Quality is that a product has less than ____.
3.4 defects per million
In order to ensure success, team members as well as leaders of a team should perform at ____ levels.
A and B
Low challenge + low skill
Diminished work life
In the ____ stage, individuals try to determine acceptable behavior and the nature of the group's task as well as how to deal with each other to get the work done.
Forming
The phenomenon in which a person exhibits an artificial change in behavior due to being studied is termed as the ____.
Hawthorne Effect
What is leadership not according to Peter Drucker?
Rank, Title and Privilege
Low challenge + high skill
Low creativity
An efficient way for a person to handle an argument is to ____.
Stay away from it
Who keeps the group on red alert by finding our errors and omissions in a group project?
The detail specialist
How did Toyota become a role model for the improvement of quality?
Toyota utilized the constructive ideas received from its employees
Who among the following possesses the ability of a group leader?
The ignition Key
If an individual's job is less than 20 percent enjoyable, his or her ____.
commitment will decrease
High challenge + high skill
Work fulfillment
Which of the following terms is defined as a job with a paycheck from an employer and steady with that averages 30 hours per week?
a good job
An individual who follows functional practitioner style of problem solving is a person of ____.
action
Communication is used effectively by leaders when they ____.
adjust communication methods according to the needs of an audience
In the context of problem-solving styles, individuals who move from a reflective orientation to an active orientation are ____.
applied scientists
What are the benefits achieved by companies that have employed total quality management practices?
better employee relations
How did companies implement successful quality management systems?
by building values into company operations that were initiated and led by the senior management
One of the key roles of the ____ is to keep late members of a group up to date.
clarifier
Leaders should measure employees' performance ____.
case by case
Who plays the role of a cheerleader in a group?
encourager
In an organization that has high employee satisfaction, ____.
more positive interactions take place
Victims of groupthink have faith in the rightness of their actions and ignore the ____.
need for defending their decisions in rational terms
Identify a true statement about McGregor's theory Y.
people by nature are not passive and resistant to the needs of their organization
According to Irving Janis, members of teams influences by groupthink ____.
perceive negative reactions to people who voice objectives
Social loafing can be defined as the tendency of people to ____.
refrain from contribution toward group effort as they prefer not to suffer individual blame
In a group, an avoider is the one who ____.
refuses to take a stand on any issue
One of the simplest and most effective ways of improving human relationship is to ____.
remember the names of people
What does Cisco use to enhance teamwork?
telepresence system
If leaders presume that employees are inherently bad, ____.
the employees' freedom to choose will be limited
Identify the essential characteristics of a successful team.
- a clear, elevating goal - a results-driven structure - competent team memebers - unified commitment - a collaborative climate - standards of excellence - external support and recognition - principled leadership
Which of the following factors foster groupthink in a team when combined with cohesiveness?
- a stressful context for making decisions - a highly insulated group with limited access to information from external enviorment
According to Janis, identify the ways in which a leader can avoid groupthink.
- encouraging objections and doubts from members - allowing members to play devil's advocate in order to challenge decisions - adopting an impartial stance while charging a group with a task
Which of the following conditions should be considered for maintaining an optimum size for a team?
- it should be small enough to maintain meaningful involevement of each group member - it should be large enough to give the required competencies to perform tasks
Identify the reasons why mindguards keep contradictory facts and viewpoints out of the purview of groups.
- there is no time to consider those viewpoints - groups have already take final decisions - they want regular members to provide summaries for the groups
Which of the following practices do the best leaders follow to develop successful teams?
- they promote open-mindness, innovation, and creativity through personal example - they act like ignition keys of groups - they take timely and consistent decisions
which of the following are the key characteristics possessed by excellent teams?
- they reach decisions through consensus - they give and accept constructive criticism aimed at solving problems - they agree on core values and norms of behavior
Which of the following situations favor an individual approach in a group?
- when a decision involves a simple or routine task - when a team members are already in consensus
Which of the following conditions favor a team approach in a group?
- when a group acceptance is required to implement plans effectively - when group members possess problem-solving skills and expertise
Identify the ways provided by psychologist Harry Levinson to deal with problem behavior.
-reporting observations of problem behavior uncritically - making the person realize that he or she must take others into account in order to be successful - talking it over calmly and patiently
In a group, aggressors are those who ____.
hold others responsible for a fault or loss
The false perception of members that everyone agrees with everyone else is the ____.
Illiusion of unanimity
High challenge + low skill
Low self-esteem
In the forming stage of a group's life, leaders can reduce uncertainty among members by ____.
explaining purpose and goals
A key role of a harmonizer in a group is to ____.
facilitate cooperation in the face of competition
In contrast to the five dysfunctions identified by Patrick Lencioni in his team dynamics model, members of highly effective teams.
hold one another accountable
A person who is unafraid of change in a group is the ____.
idea generator
In its storming stage, a group faces issues related to ____.
increased conflict
in the performing stage, a group ____.
is focused on accomplishing tasks by solving problems
The above-it-all person of a group ____.
is not concerned about group progress
Which of the following statements is true of diversity of members in a team?
it allows a large pool of perspectives and knowledge
In an effective group, people ____.
know their assignments clearly
In the context of team processes that enhance organizational success, a key factor that is essential in all five team processes is ____.
leadership
In a group, an individual who refuses to accept others' ideas is called a(n) ____.
negative artist
Which of the following stages involves members of a group exchanging information freely?
norming
In which stage is a group focused on performance and takes pride in group accomplishments?
performing
One of the problems associated with the Darwin style of problem solving is that it can ____.
result in indecision due to the discovery of more and more interesting facts
A group lacks creativity if it fails to pass through the stage of ____.
storming
Virtual teams function perfectly with ____.
structured tasks
Who inspires group pride by preserving the values and objectives of a group?
the standard setter
What should leaders do to improve team building in organization?
they should use experimental strategies and activites
What does individual need in order to work with another individual who uses a different style of problem solving?
tolerance of differences
individuals with strengths in the applied scientist style of problem solving are good at ____.
translating ideas into action
Match the methods used by leaders to keep their employees' morale and performance high to their appropriate description.
- Praise generously: apprectiation must be shown for the effort employees put into their work and for their accomplishments - Hold your fire: talk to employees in a pleasant tone of voice, and discuss things with them instead of arguing - Always be fair: rewards must be differentiated based on performance. Good Performers and bad performers must not be rewarded alike.
What are the three "needs to know" for all employees in an organization?
- feedback on their performance along with recognition - the organization's grand work plan, including the purpose, values, and strategies - expectations on their individual work performance
Which of the following E's of leadership do leaders need to adhere to according to Jack Welch?
- the ability to execute strategy - the ability to energize others - the high personal energy - the edge to make tough decisions
What should effective leaders do to preserve the "human moment at work"?
- they should not forget that their communication is recorded - they should not used only technology as a mode of communication - they must not belittle their employees
Why was lean-manufacturing method developed?
- to achieve cost effectiveness - to achieve quality - to achieve flexibility
T or F: An effective leader should learn to thing and say "I" instead of "we" according to Peter Drucker.
False
T or F: Everyone, in reality, is independent in nature.
False
T or F: To know about something and to understand it is the same thing
False
Identify the three states of a job that can be used to diagnose an individual's morale according to the percentage of time spent in each of these three states.
Hell, work , Play
According to J.R. Hackman and G.R. Oldham's model of job design and work satisfaction, identify the intrinsic factors essential for a rich job.
Mutual support and respect Learning and feedback Decision-making opportunity
Identify one of Peter Drucker's conclusions about leadership.
There can be no leaders without followers
Which of the following statements is true of meetings in organization?
They are necessary to coordinate work in the organization.
T or F: In order to achieve effective communication, people's most preferred source of information needs to be recognized.
True
Which of the following is a rule of thumb that should be used to address the communication problems arising due to an organization's size?
a limit must be set one the size of a work unit
According to Robert Greenleaf, the private, public, and nonprofit sector organizations achieve success through ____.
a spirit of community
The combination of highly challenging task and low levels of skill leads to ____ among employees.
anxiety
Employees who possess an inferiority complex ten to excessively ____.
criticize their own performance
A communication problem related to ____ results from the physical or emotional separation or leaders and members.
distance
While managing employee morale in an organization, the organization's management should consider ____.
each person's morale individually
When a person is overstimulated, he or she is ____.
eager to enter in arguments
The "Toyota Way" that was practices throughout the company was defined by the ____.
elimination of waste and continual improvement
____ affect an individuals' ability to listen and understand.
emotional deaf spots
The efficiency of listening rapidly drops to zero as a result of ____.
emotional deafness
Participative management studies conducted in the 1950s and 1960s by a few famous companies closely resemble the current practices of ____.
employee empowerment
Which of the following problems is likely to occur as a group finished stage III with norms of behavior and moves into stage IV for a mode of performance?
groupthink
Aggressive behavior in an organization leads to ____.
high absenteeism
A poor listener can be best described by the word ____.
inexperienced
According to the Hawthorne studies, worker alienation can be prevented with the help of ____.
informed leadership practices
Good listeners concentrate on the ____.
knowledge of the speaker
The communication problem of distance is solved when ____.
leaders become accessible to employees
In order to improve human relations, leaders should, ____.
listen to others
A characteristic feature of a lean operation is that ____.
overhead costs are kept to a minimum
Identify one of the worst listening habits.
pretending to be interested
The Malcolm Baldridge National Quality Award was established primarily for the ____.
promotion of the awareness about quality in the workplace
The Hawthorne studies conclude that ____.
proper attention from leaders improves employees' produtivity
Leaders can prevent employees from being untruthful by ____.
rewarding their honest behavior
According to philosopher John Dewey, for ideal human relations in organizations, leaders should ____.
sincerely appreciate people
Which of the following is an important factor in deciding the size of a team?
skills needed for tasks
Welch's workout process had the effect of teaching people in organizations that they had a right to ____.
suggest opinions and be taken seriously
When a good listener uses thought speed to advantage, he or she ____.
summarizes mentally what the speaker has been saying
Leaders can preserve the "human moment at work" by ____.
taking part in as many video chats as possible
A management technique that combines participative leadership practices with a problem-solving orientation is ____.
the quality movement
The focus of a good listener should be on ____.
the speaker's main ideas
According to Peter Drucker, which of the following is a characteristic of effective leaders in a state of flow?
they challenge employees to perform in their area of strength
According to Wendy Leebov, what should leaders do to have good human relations?
they should involve people in decisions that affect them, they should respect other's differences, they should listen attentively to others, they should now use absolute statements, they should have objectives that are agreed upon by everyone
In order for employees to fill the "need to know" gap, the most effective process of communication should be a(n) ____ process.
top-to-bottom
The term "going postal" describes:
violent episodes in a workplace
In the context of Deming's 14 points for successful workplace, which of the following should be followed to make a workplace successful?
- Encourage employees to solve problems through teamwork - develop high standards
arrange the following D's used in appreciative inquiry developed at Case Western Reserve University in the correct sequence.
1. Discovery 2. Dreaming 3. Designing 4. Delivering
Which of the following solutions is useful to resolve conflict that occurs as a result of communication problems?
The various factors causing conflict need to be diagnosed
American companies have adopted the total quality management model to ____.
enhance competiveness
While handling an employee's complaints, a leader should ____.
explain clearly what can be done and what cannot be done
A poor listener may be inexperiences at hearing anything that is ____.
expository
How do virtual interactions take place?
fax, video, phones
