MGMT CH17

Blocking behaviors

Behaviors that inhibit the team and its members from achieving their objectives.

Team norms

Expected team behaviors.

Informing teams

Members have high confidence in their ability and knowledge that relevant to tasks. Therefor they rely on group knowledge to complete tasks quickly. Manager interaction is None or minimal interaction

Self-directed teams

Teams that determine their own objectives and the methods by which to achieve them. Autonomy: Team members' ability to determine their own objectives and the methods by which to achieve them

True

Horizontal teams allow managers to see a problem from many different perspectives. T or F

False

Horizontal teams are always self-directed. T or F

False

Horizontal teams typically have extremely vague member roles. T or F

Team

Identify each example in the following table as a team or a group.Everyone in the neighborhood had the same goal: to clean up the graffiti that covered the old trestle bridge. So one Saturday, 30 neighbors came together and worked for 4 hours to repaint the wooden trestles.

Cognitive Conflict

members disagree because of different experiences and expertise ; is strongly associated with improvements in team performance

Team

Identify each example in the following table as a team or a group.Employees at Federal Express meet regularly to determine how to direct their work and to work together more effectively. Everyone works together to determine what goals the employees will try to achieve, and anyone can suggest ways to reduce service errors.

Team

Identify each example in the following table as a team or a group.Robbie Whitten and his father, Robert, have a clear task that they work on together: to create white-collar pawn shops that attract high-end clients.

scattered across many different physical locations. These locations may have different cultures, and that can lead to conflict within the group if team members do not understand one another. In addition, geographically distributed teams have to pay special attention to communication, as they typically cannot see each other when they speak. They are more likely to use electronic communication tools, which make physical expressions difficult to read and informal conversations less likely. Finally, because geographically distributed groups are often in different time zones, feedback between team members is often delayed. Collocated groups tend to have more effective communication than geographically distributed groups.

Geographically distributed teams have team members who are?

Group

Identify each example in the following table as a team or a group.The people who work for Maid to Order rarely interact with one another. Each employee has his or her own set of clients and works alone to clean their houses.

Group-->The reviewers are not a team, because they are not working together to complete a task. Each works alone and submits his or her work to a central location where it is used to create a product.

Identify each example in the following table as a team or a group.There were 25 reviewers for Noria Khan's new book. Each reviewer submitted his or her work individually, and a senior editor reviewed all of the work to give notes to the author.

1. They demonstrate integrity. Nathan does this by avoiding hidden agendas and behaving consistently with his values. 2. They are clear and consistent. Nathan does this by acting consistently, so his team can predict his behaviors. 3. They create positive energy. Nathan does this by being optimistic and positive. 4. They use commonality and reciprocity. Nathan does this by getting the group to look for agreement first. 5. They manage agreement and disagreement. Nathan does this by supporting a point of view with evidence. 6. They encourage and coach. Nathan does this by giving team members positive feedback and helping them accomplish more than they think they can. 7. They share information. Nathan does this by both giving information to and collecting information from the team.

If Nathan is going to be an effective team leader, which of the following actions should he take?

Contributing to team members' satisfaction

Nathan says that he is "trying to get people to talk about their priorities and kinda raise a hand when they feel like the projects that have been put on them are too much." Which of the following successful team outcomes is Nathan hoping to improve with this practice?

-Hire people with a variety of technical skills, including experts in dogs, cats, birds, fish, and other home animals. -Have all team members work in the same location to improve their communication skills. - Help team members understand each other's strengths and limitations

Suppose that you were hired as the manager of the Eat Right supermarket. You know that Eat Right uses teams to run each department in the store, from seafood to produce. Your store is small, but expanding. Up until this year, you have not had a pet food department, but now you are adding one and want to make sure that the team has the best environment possible. Which of the following actions would help your team to perform more effectively?

- everyone on the team has the same goals and objectives - when people have both technical and interpersonal skills -when people communicate with each other freely (often when everyone in the team is working in one location), - when all of the team members understand each other's strengths and weaknesses. There is no best number of team members, but generally teams are more effective with fewer members rather than more members, and most teams should be under 20 people. More diversity among team members will lead to more creativity, but it may also create conflict in the group due to people's different opinions. Finally, manager-led teams are likely to be efficient, but employees are most empowered by self-directed teams.

Teams are most effective when?

Vertical teams

Teams composed of a manager and his or her subordinates in the formal chain of command, usually in one functional department.Another term for a manager-led team is a _________________.

Horizontal teams

Teams composed of employees from about the same hierarchical level but from several different departments in the organization. Because these teams are made up of employees from many different departments, they can help a manager view a problem from different perspectives. This type of team can be either self-directed or manager-led. It is often helpful to have a strong manager leading a ________ because it can help to clarify member roles and ensure everyone on the team is working toward the same goal.

Manager-led teams

Teams in which the manager acts as the team leader. The accounting department is a _________________, because the controller acts as the team's leader, and everyone does what she says to do. (can be vertical or horizontal)

Forming stage

The stage that occurs when team members define the task that is to be done and how that task is to be accomplished, setting the ground rules for the team. Todd, Tim, Zanthia, and Tubrina all came together for the first time today to talk about how they want to create a new 3-D printer. The team, in its ___________ , has a long way to go before it will have a finished product.

Storming stage

The stage that occurs when team members experience conflicts about interpersonal issues and differences in perspectives. Sanjav shouted, "No! We can't do that! If we put the buttons on the bunnies first, we won't be able to get their eyes on properly!" and Xian growled back, "Oh, stop acting like a child! We can get the eyes on just fine, even if we put the buttons on first!" Sanjav and Xian are on a team that is going through the _______________ of team development.

Storming

There has been a little tension in the creative services team at Evo. Tre describes the difficulties of discussing differences of opinion about advertisements, and he ends by saying, "It creates a mess. It's like middle school again." This suggests that the team might be moving into the __________ phase of the team development process.

Probing Teams

These teams maintain an interactive relationship with outsiders, constantly revising their information to best suit the needs of their stakeholders. Manager interaction is active engagement.

Managers must play a different role in each stage of the team development process. In the forming stage, the manager's job is to facilitate social exchanges, so team members get to know each other and know what roles they are expected to play. In the storming stage, the manager should encourage participation and bring differences into the open. This helps the team to get concerns out in the open where they can be addressed, instead of hiding them and letting them fester. In the norming stage, the manager's job is to help the team clarify the roles, norms, and values that form a foundation to guide the team's future behaviors. In the performing stage, the manager's role is to facilitate the team's accomplishments, providing the members with the tools and resources they need to get the job done. Finally, in the adjourning stage, the manager helps to bring closure by celebrating the team's accomplishments and giving the team members an opportunity to say goodbye and even grieve as necessary.

What are the roles of managers in each stage?

Make sure that the team has the resources it needs to meet its deadlines and project requirements

When his team is in the performing phase of team development, Nathan should:

-Identifying people who will be impacted by the work of the group -Negotiating with other groups on the team's deadlines -Identifying people who will have an impact on the group's work -Helping the team understand positions of people outside of the team

Which of the following actions are typically taken primarily by boundary managers?

1. Past experiences. For example, Nathan may have sketched his ideas out on a whiteboard in previous teams, so he continues to do that with this team. In time, any team member who has an idea will go to the whiteboard. 2. Explicit statements from leaders or members. For example, Tre makes the comment that he expects people who have complaints about his work to act in a specific way. 3. Critical events in the team's history. For example, what happened the first time the team had a disagreement? If team members started to yell at each other, that might become the norm for all future interactions. Fortunately, that does not appear to be the case for this team. 4. Primacy, or first-behavior precedents. For example, if Nathan comes into the first team meeting and asks all of the team members to justify their work process and outcomes, that may become a pattern that is repeated in every team meeting thereafter.

Which of the following factors are likely to have influenced the behavior of speaking up?

Affective Conflict

results in hostility, anger, resentment, distrust, cynicism, /apathy ; is strongly associated with decreases in team performance

Step 1:Forming stage: occurs when team members define the task that is to be done and how that task is to be accomplished, setting the ground rules for the team Step 2: Storming stage: occur when team members experience conflicts about interpersonal issues and differences in perspectives Step 3:Norming stage: occurs when team members uncover ways to create new standards that encourage more collaborative behavior ■ Team norms: informally agreed-on standards that regulate team behavior; expected team behaviors ■ the everyday actions that allow teams to function effectively ■ with negative norms influence team members to engage in negative behaviors Step 4: Performing stage: occurs when team members adopt and play roles enhance the activities of the group Step 5: Adjourning stage: occurs when a team has completed its tasks and the team is disbanded

what are the stages of team development?

Team

A group of two or more people with complementary skills who are committed to working together to achieve a specific objective. ○ Has clear boundaries that define who is and is not part of the team ○ Possesses the authority to manage their own work processes ○ Possesses a sense of stability that enables members to work together over a set period of time

Boundary manager

A manager who determines how the team will work with clients, upper management, and others who have an interest in the team's product. They buffer the team from organizational infighting, persuade top management to support the team's work, and coordinate and negotiate with other groups on work deadlines.Danielle Flanders is the team leader and _____________ for the creative team at Pinkpaislee, a scrapbooking company. She makes sure that the creative team has the support it needs from top management, and she works with clients and others who have an interest in the team's products.

•Clearly focused leader •Individual accountability •Group's purpose is the same as organization's mission •Characterized by straightforward and independent tasks •Individual work products •Predetermined work structure

According to Jon Katzenbach and Douglas Smith, which of the following characteristics would indicate that you are working in a group rather than on a team?

•Shared leadership roles •Individual and mutual accountability •Purpose is specific to the team •Characterized by complex and interdependent tasks •Collective work products •Open-ended discussions and problem solving are encouraged

According to Jon Katzenbach and Douglas Smith, which of the following characteristics would indicate that you are working on a team rather than in a group?

Social loafing

Disengaging from the team process and failing to contribute to the team's recommendations or other deliverables.Perla's team is having a problem with _____________ . Perla hears comments like, "Nobody will notice if I don't do my work," and "Somebody else can do all the hard tasks for the team."

False

Horizontal teams usually have members from only one functional department. T or F Horizontal teams typically have extremely vague member roles. Horizontal teams are always self-directed.

Group

Identify each example in the following table as a team or a group.It is difficult to tell who is and who is not part of the Occupy movement. The people who participate in Occupy protests change constantly.

Task objectives

Issues that orient team members toward their goals and priorities and help them understand how their work fits in the bigger picture.

Storming stage

Last summer, Carlos decided to join a bowling league with some colleagues from work. They formed a team and bowled together several times to get to know one another better. The week before the league started, the team had to come up with a name. During a meeting to discuss this, Carlos and his teammate Karen got into a heated debate because Carlos wanted their name to be The Lucky Strikes, whereas Karen wanted the team name to be The Pin City Pimps. While yelling at each other, it became clear that Carlos thought he should be the team manager because he had formed the team. Karen was just as adamant that she should be team manager because she is the more experienced bowler. As Carlos and Karen argue about the team name, what stage of development is their bowling team in?

Parading teams

Like informal teams, these teams do not solicit input from outside sources. They rely on group knowledge to complete tasks. But they interact with external groups by promoting their activities. Manager interaction is passive.

high-complexity; interdependent; team; self-directed

Many large food manufacturers are now selling their products overseas, but they have found that they must change the flavors of their products to make them acceptable in foreign markets. PepsiCo recently opened a food and beverage research and development (R & D) center in Shanghai to identify new products that would appeal to the Asian market. The process for making and testing new items is complicated. Design directors work with brand managers, product managers, packaging managers, marketing managers, and advertising managers to create new strategies for appealing to Asian customers. Determining new flavors for foreign markets is a __________ task, and the work that brand managers, product managers, marketing managers, and advertising managers do is _____________ . For that reason, it makes sense that the PepsiCo employees operate as a ___________ . If the company wants to empower their employees, they should be ___________ , although this may make the employees less efficient.

low-complexity; independent; work group; manager-led

Rolling cigars is a labor-intensive process. It takes many years to learn to select the perfect tobacco leaves for the outer wrapper of the cigar and to roll the inner leaves in a way that lets air pass freely through the cigar as it is smoked. Cigar rollers work hard to roll as many cigars as possible during the day, using leaves that have been destemmed, dried, and flattened by other workers. Managers keep a close watch on what the employees are doing and send completed work on for additional quality control checks after it is finished. Rolling cigars is a ______________ task, and the work that the cigar rollers do is ____________ . For that reason, it makes sense that the cigar rollers operate as a ________. In this case, the cigar rollers are _________ , which provides greater control over the group.

- Hire people who are good with other people. They should be able to resolve conflicts and be open to new ideas. - Have all team members work in the same location to improve their communication skills. - Hire people with a variety of technical skills, including experts in dogs, cats, birds, fish, and other home animals.

Suppose that you were hired as the manager of the Eat Right supermarket. You know that Eat Right uses teams to run each department in the store, from seafood to produce. Your store is small, but expanding. Up until this year, you have not had a pet food department, but now you are adding one and want to make sure that the team has the best environment possible. Which of the following actions would help your team to perform more effectively?

Geographically distributed teams

Teams that are made up of geographically or organizationally dispersed members who rely heavily on electronic tools such as e-mail, fax, voice mail, telephone, and videoconferencing to interact with one another.When a team is ____________ , there is less likely to be spontaneous interaction between team members. Instead, team members interact with each other in formal meetings and using electronic tools such as e-mail and videoconferencing.

Collocated teams

Teams that use a significant amount of face-to-face communication to make operating decisions. They operate in close proximity to one another, engage in a lot of social interaction, and provide quick feedback on the team's progress to one another. When organizations use _____________there is more social interaction between team members because they are working beside each other in the same area.

Conformity

The action of people behaving in line with a group's expectations and beliefs. This can help teams to make decisions more quickly, but it can also lead to problems because it can reduce the number of new ideas generated by the group.You've just become a team leader. You want to be sure that the group doesn't show too much _________ . There should be lively debates and discussions about different ideas during team meetings.

Task complexity

The amount of information that must be processed to understand the task, the degree of uncertainty about possible outcomes, the presence of many subtasks that require a range of skills and knowledge, or the absence of standardized procedures to conduct the task. The jobs done in start-up organizations often have high levels of _________________ because they require a lot of information to do them correctly, they have a lot of subtasks that require different skills, and they do not follow standardized routines or procedures.

Task interdependence

The extent to which group members need to work with and rely on each other to produce the collective work of the group. Thisis the extent to which group members need to work with and rely on each other to produce the collective work of the group. Hospital employees must work together closely, a sign of task interdependence. In hospitals, _______________ exists because all of the employees need to work together closely to get the best outcome for the patient.

Participation

The extent to which individuals engage in the process of generating solutions and articulating their opinions and perspectives.Skylar and Kasen were discussing what could be done about the low _____________ in their team. No team members were offering new suggestions or ideas about how to do the work, and they weren't bringing the work they were assigned to team meetings.

Adjourning stage

The stage that occurs when a team has completed its task and the team is disbanded.Even the best teams have to end eventually. When they were finished filming Breaking Bad, everyone associated with creating the television show went through the __________ and they left the Breaking Bad team to take up new projects.

Performing stage

The stage that occurs when team members adopt and play roles that enhance the activities of the group.

Norming stage

The stage that occurs when team members uncover ways to create new standards that encourage more collaborative behavior.

Norm

Tre points out that people on the creative services team are trying out new ways of handling disagreements. Now, team members who disagree go out for a cup of coffee and discuss their differences, whereas before, they were more likely to just criticize each other. Going out for coffee is becoming a team ________ .

Enhancing the ability of team members to work together in the future

Tre says that "once you make owners for each of those categories, then the next one's just gonna get better." Which of the following successful team outcomes is likely to be improved by this type of role clarification?

■ Promotes creative and innovative solutions over the long-term ■ Provides access to more complementary information and expertise ■ Opens up broader and wider networks for the generation of multiple ideas and approaches

What are the Benefits of Diversity?

■ Loss of speed and efficiency ■ Lack of commonality in experience and viewpoints ■ Misunderstandings due to miscommunication

What are the Drawbacks of Diversity?

Arrange for lunch or dinner at a nearby restaurant, giving team members the chance to get to know each other better

When his team is in the forming phase of team development, Nathan should:

Low Complexity

it is simply one task that is done over and over.