MGMT chapter 10

7 Methods of fostering innovation

1. Create an innovation strategy 2. Get commitment from top managers 3. Foster an innovation culture and climate 4. Establish the required structure and processes 5. Obtain the necessary human capital 6. Institute the necessary human resource policies, practices, and procedures 7. Obtain the appropriate resources

OD (organizational development) process in order

1. Diagnosis 2. Intervention 3. Evaluation 4. Feedback

What contributes to resistance to change?

1. Employee characteristics 2. Change agent characteristics 3. The change agent-employee relationship

Scott Berkun, author of The myths of Innovation, identified several starting points for organizational innovation, including which of the following?

1. Hard work in a specific direction 2. Hard work with direction change 3. Curiosity 4. Wealth and money 5. Necessity 6. Combination of seeds

Reasons employees resist change

1. Individuals' predisposition toward change 2. Surprise and fear of the unknown 3. Climate of mistrust 4. Fear of failure 5. Loss of status or job security 6. Peer pressure 7. Disruption of cultural traditions or group relationships 8. Personality conflicts 9. Lack of tact or poor thing 10. Nonreinforcing reward systems

Identify the matters that can be addressed by organizational development (OD)

1. Managing conflict 2. Revitalizing organizations 3. Adapting for mergers

Under which of the following circumstances is organizational development (OD) likely to be successful?

1. Multiple interventions 2. Management support 3. goals geared to both shortened long-term results 4. OD is affected by culture

Three parts of a systems model of change?

1. inputs 2. target elements of change 3. outputs

What are two key aspects of turning a problem into an opportunity

1. looking for solutions and new business ideas as a response to the problem 2. Finding better ways to conduct business as a response to the problem

Lewin's Change Model in order

1. unfreezing 2. changing 3. refreezing

Key aspects of execution

1. using questioning and analysis 2. discussing hows and whats

What is analytic and involves problem solving and abstract reasoning?

Knowledge work

Which if the following are myths about innovation that are not correct

Myth 1: Innovation happens in a "Eureka!" moment Myth 2: Innovation can be systematized

BLANK is any machine or process that enables an organization to gain a competitive advantage in changing materials used to produce a finished process.

Technology

Which of the following is an example of political pressure creating an external force for change

a soda tax

In order to overcome employee resistance to innovative change, change agents must first have what?

a trusting relationship

The kind of change that has already been implemented and experienced within the same organization is called what change?

adaptive

A consultant with a background in behavioral sciences who works as a catalyst in helping organizations deal with old problems in new ways is called a what?

change agent

In the BLANK stage of Lewin's Change model, employees are introduced to new information, new perspectives and new models of behavior.

changing

A BLANK innovation, in contrast to a transformational innovation, involves optimizing of products or services for existing customers.

core

Blank is the act of developing new and imaginative ideas into reality

creativity

In some parts of the US, guns are sold at Walmart. Some people refuse to shop at those stores. At the extreme, everyone would refuse. In that hypothetical situation, BLANK are acting as an external force for change.

customers

Factors such as the increasing number of women in the workforce and the growing number of older workers exemplify which force for change outside the organization?

demographic characteristics

Organizational BLANK is a set of techniques for implementing planned change to make people and organizations more effective.

development

The process through which a product or service takes root initially in simple applications at the bottom of a market and then moves up, eventually displacing established companies, is referred to as

disruptive innovation

Which of the following reflects the third step in the organizational development process?

evaluation

At hudson food company, managers permit experiementation, risk taking, and tolerate failure. Which step of fostering innovation does this represent?

fostering an innovative culture and climate

Innovation is the product of

hard work and dedication

The economic or productive potential of a company's employees knowledge, experience and actions is known as its BLANK capital.

human

Job dissatisfaction, high absenteeism, and reduced productivity are examples of which force for change inside the organization?

human resources concerns

What is the process of creating new ideas and converting them into useful applications

innovation

The fast-food restaurant Millie works at has decided to have 24-hour drive-up window service and she has to work the midnight to 7:00 a.m. shift two nights a week. Millie is not pleased with this situation. The fast-food restaurant is implementing what change?

innovative

The second step in the organizational development (OD) process, BLANK is the attempt to correct the diagnosed problems.

intervention

BLANK is making up something new

invention

Demand for organic foods has increased dramatically as Americans become more aware of the effects of pesticides and other harmful chemicals in food. This exemplifies which force for change outside the organization?

market changes

unlike BLANK jobs like bookkeeping and repetitive assembly-line work, knowledge based jobs are rapidly growing.

middle-skill

Which of the following is an important aspect of the marketplaces becoming more segmented and moving toward niche products

online selling makes it possible for to sell a greater variety of niche products

Making carefully thought-out changes in anticipation of possible or expected problems or opportunities is known as what change?

proactive

Changing the appearance or the performance of a product or a service, or the creation of a new one, is called BLANK innovation.

product

Change involving a practice that is new to the industry is referred to as what kind of change?

radically innovative

Carson always feels like he is "putting out fires at work" and doesn't get an opportunity to figure out where problems might arise before they occur. Carson is dealing with what change?

reactive

The beliefs, attitudes, and intentions of the organization's staff regarding the extent of the changes needed and how willing and able they are to implement them is called?

readiness for change

During which stage of Lewin's change model are new employee attitudes and behaviors integrated into their normal way of doing things?

refrezzing

Even though the entire team felt it was important to purchase all of the supplies immediately for the new product line, upper management was concerned about outlaying that much money so early in the development cycle. Which factor is this company failing to provide?

resources

As more and more companies become proficient at bringing products and services to market, BLANK is emerging as a powerful competitive weapon.

speed

Breakthrough products or services that do not currently exist and that are aimed at creating brand new markets and customers are known as BLANK innovations.

transformational

According the Lewin's Change Model, in the first stage, called the BLANK stage, managers need to instill in employees the motivation to change by encouraging them to let go of attitudes and behaviors that are resistant to motivation.

unfreezing