MGMT Exam 2 (Chapters 6,10) CONTINUED

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Laissez-Faire

-A leadership philosophy characterized by an absence of managerial decision making. -led to more negative attitudes and lower performance.

Fiedler's Contingency Model of Leadership Effectiveness

-A situational approach to leadership postulating that effectiveness depends on the personal style of the leader and the degree to which the situation gives the leader power, control, and influence. -measured leadership styles with an instrument assessing the leader's least preferred co-worker (LPC)

Relationship-motivated Leadership

-Leadership that places primary emphasis on maintaining good interpersonal relationships. -likely a high LPC leader.

Transformational Leaders

-a leader who motivates people to transcend their personal interests for the good of the group. -they generate excitement and revitalize organizations.

Behavioral Approach

-attempts to identify what good leaders do. -personal characteristics are considered less important than the actual behaviors that leaders exhibit.

4 pillars of delegation

-authority line -responsibility -accountability -delegation

Strategic Leadership

-gives purpose and meaning to organizations. -involves anticipating and envisioning a viable future for the organization and working with others to initiate changes that create such a future.

Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory

-highlights the importance of leader behaviors not just toward the group as a whole but toward individuals on a personal basis. -maintenance behaviors such as trust, open communication, mutual respect, mutual obligation, and mutual loyalty form the cornerstone of relationships that are satisfying and perhaps more productive.

Pseudotransformational Leaders

-leaders who talk about positive change but allow their self-interest to take precedence over followers' needs. -opposite of authentic leadership.

Task-motivated Leadership

-leadership that places primary emphasis on completing a task. -Likely a low LPC leader.

Trait Approach

-oldest leadership perspective. -focuses on individual leaders and attempts to determine the personal characteristics (traits) that great leaders share. -assumes existence of a leadership personality and assumes that leaders are born, not made.

Accountability

-the expectation that employees with perform a job, take corrective action when necessary, and report upward on the status and quality of their performance -the legitimate right to make decision and to tell other people what to do

Which situation is the best?

Place components of the HR planning process in the order they occur. Please note that once you complete this part of the question, you will be unable to adjust your answers. 1. Step 1 2. Step 2 3. Step 3 4. Step 4 A. Human resources activities B. Human resources planning C. HRM environmental scanning D. Results

1. = C 2. = B 3. = A 4. = D

Read the job descriptions outlined in the mini-case. Review the selection tools available to recruiters. Match each job description to the most appropriate selection tool for that position. 1. Interviews 2. Ability 3. Background Information 4. Physical Ability Test 5. Performance Tests 6. References A. Health care provider B. Administrative assistant C. Security officer D. Receiving manager E. Accountant F. Loading associate

1. = D 2. = E 3. = A 4. = F 5. = B 6. = C

formal decision making stages

1. Identify and diagnose the problem 2. Generate alternative solutions 3. Evaluate alternatives 4. Make the choice 5. Implement the decision 6. Evaluate the decision

James Kouzes and Barry Posner key five behaviors

1.) Challenge the process 2.) Inspire a shared vision 3.) Enable others to act 4.) Model the way 5.) Encourage the heart

Sources of power

1.) Legitimate power 2.) Reward power 3.) Coercive power 4.) Referent power 5.) Expert power

Three important points of vision

1.) necessary for effective leadership 2.) person or team can develop a vision for any job, work unit, or organization 3.)Many people, including managers who do not develop into strong leaders, do not develop a clear vision and focus on day-to-day basis

the key situational factors in this theory?

1.) personal characteristics of followers 2.) Environmental pressures and demands with which followers must cope to attain their work goals

what acts of courage do you need when you follow your vision?

1.) seeing things as they are and facing them head-on, making no excuses and harboring no wishful illusions 2.) saying what needs to be said to those who need to hear it 3.) persisting despite resistance, criticism, abuse, and setbacks

Characteristics of good followers

1.)Volunteering 2.)Accepting 3.)Exhibiting 4.)Voicing 5.)Offering 6.)Maintaining 7.)Working

The first situational model of leadership was proposed in

1958 by Tannenbaum and Schmidt

A small business is often defined as having fewer than _____ employees, as well as being independently owned and operated.

500

According to the trait approach to studying leadership, ____is consistently related to leadership emergence and leadership effectiveness: A)Extraversion B)Coercion C)Arrogance D)Closeness of supervision E)Confrontation

Reese has been working hard to achieve her performance goals. She received positive performance reviews and a pay raise from her manager. This illustrates her managers _____power A) Reward B)Expert C)Legitimate D)Referent E)Coercive

Substitutes for leadership refer to? A)Factors in the workplace that can provide the same influence on people as leaders otherwise would have. B)The process of delegating challenging work to deserving people C) A combination of strong professional will and personal humility that builds enduring greatness D)A style in which the leader is true to himself or herself while leading E)Methods used by leaders who bridge conflicting value systems or different cultures

The situational approach to leadership that emphasizes how leaders go about making decisions is called: A)The Vroom model B)The leadership substitution theory C)Fiedler's contingency model of leadership effectiveness

Which of the following is true of the functions of a leader? A) People want leaders to help them achieve their goals B)People prefer that leaders keep away from interfering in their personal development C)Leaders serve people best by providing instructions for every decision to be taken.

Figurehead Liaison Spokesperson Disseminator Resource Allocator Entrepreneur Leader Disturbance Handler

A Manager's Many Roles

small business

A business having fewer than 100 employees, independently owned and operated, not dominant in its field, and not characterized by many innovative practices.

Small Business

A business having fewer that 100 employees, independently owned and operated , not dominant in its field, and not characterized by many innovative practices

Network organization

A collection of INDEPENDENT, mostly SINGLE-function firms that collaborate on a good or service.

Network organization

A collection of independent, most single-function firms that collaborate on a good service.

Social Capital

A competitive advantage in the form of relationships with other people and the image other people have of you

social capital

A competitive advantage in the form of relationships with other people and the image other people have of you.

opportunity analysis

A description of the good or service, an assessment of the opportunity, an assessment of the entrepreneur, and specification of activities and resources needed to translate your idea into a viable business and your source(s) of capital.

opportunity analysis

A description of the good or service, an assessment of the opportunity, an assessment of the entrepreneur, specification of activities and resources needed to translate your idea into a viable business, and your source(s) of capital.

Mechanistic organization

A form of organization that seeks to maximize internal efficiency.

business plan

A formal planning step that focuses on the entire venture and describes all the elements involved in starting it.

Strategic alliance

A formal relationship created among independent organizations with the purpose of joint of mutual goals.

Strategic Alliance

A formal relationship created among independent organizations with the purpose of joint pursuit of mutual goals.

strategic alliance

A formal relationship created among independent organizations with the purpose of joint pursuit of mutual goals.

False

A glass ceiling makes it easier for women and minorities to move up the corporate ladder.

reward

A leader who has _____ power influences others because he or she controls valued benefits; people comply with the leader's wishes to receive those benefits.

Servant-Leader

A leader who serves others' needs while strengthening the organization.

legitimate

A leader with _____ power has the right, or the authority, to tell others what to do

entrepreneurial venture

A new business having growth and high profitability as primary objectives.

Entrepreneurial strategy matrix

A new venture involves high or low innovation and high or low risk, creating 4 kinds of new ventures

Broker

A person who ASSEMBLES and COORDINATES participants in a network

Broker

A person who assembles and coordinates participants in a network

broker

A person who assembles and coordinates participants in a network

Broker

A person who assembles and coordinates participants in a network.

Specialization

A process in which different individuals and UNITS perform DIFFERENT tasks.

Specialization

A process in which different individuals and units perform different tasks

Specialization

A process in which different individuals and units perform different tasks.

Continuous process

A process that is highly automated and has a continuous production flow.

Skunkworks

A project team designated to produce a new, innovative product

skunkworks

A project team designated to produce a new, innovative product.

ISO 9001

A series of quality standards developed by a committee working under the International Organization for Standardization to improve total quality in all businesses for the benefit of producers and consumers.

ISO 9001

A series of quality standards developed by a committee working under the international organization for standardization to improve total quality in all businesses for the benefit of procedures and consumers.

Unity-of-command principle

A structure in which each worker reports to one boss, who in turn reports to one boss.

Just-in-time (JIT)

A system that calls for subassemblies and components to be manufactured in very small lots and delivered to the next stage of the production process just as they are needed.

True

A team leader is likely to serve as a spokesperson and champion for a work group when dealing with external stakeholders.

The best leaders challenge conventional beliefs and practices, and they create constructive change. This is known as A) Challenging the process B) Inspiring a shared vision C) Enabling others to act D) Modeling the way E) Encouraging the heart

A) Challenging the process

People who do not develop into strong leaders have most likely failed to A) develop a vision. B) mentor subordinates. C) communicate problems. D) express confidence in employees.

A) develop a vision.

_____ leadership seeks information, opinions, and preferences, sometimes to the point of meeting with the group, leading discussions, and using consensus or majority vote to make the final choice. A. Democratic B. Lateral C. Autocratic D. Directive E. Shared

A. Democratic

Theodora attended an interview for a job with a manufacturing firm. As she met all the minimum requirements for the post, she was not surprised when she received a formal job offer. However, a few days later, the firm informed her that the job offer had been revoked because the manager in that department felt that women should not work in a manufacturing environment. The firm assured her that the matter was nothing personal and wished her luck for her career. Which of the following bodies enforces the concerned law? A. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission B. National Labor Relations Board C. Federal Trade Commission D. Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs E. Department of Labor

A. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

Men were paid an average of ten percent more than women for the same jobs with the same performance levels. Women were denied health insurance and encouraged to quit after they announced that they were pregnant. However, men with medical conditions did not meet with similar treatment. Several employees who met the required qualifications were not being paid for working overtime. In the context of the third problem in Scenario C, which of the following laws has the company violated? A. Fair Labor Standards Act B. Equal Pay Act C. Family and Medical Leave Act D. Americans with Disabilities Act E. Pregnancy Discrimination Act

A. Fair Labor Standards Act

Men were paid an average of ten percent more than women for the same jobs with the same performance levels. Women were denied health insurance and encouraged to quit after they announced that they were pregnant. However, men with medical conditions did not meet with similar treatment. Several employees who met the required qualifications were not being paid for working overtime. In the context of the second problem in Scenario C, which of the following laws has the company violated? A. Family and Medical Leave Act B. Fair Labor Standards Act Incorrect C. Americans with Disabilities Act D. Equal Pay Act

A. Family and Medical Leave Act

Which of the following is true of the functions of a leader? A. People want leaders to help them achieve their goals. B. People prefer that leaders keep away from interfering in their personal development. C. Leaders serve people best by providing instructions for every decision to be taken. D. Leaders should never give people full authority to perform a given task. E. Leaders should not challenge conventional and time-honored practices.

A. People want leaders to help them achieve their goals.

Arianne and Cara are good friends who are experiencing problems in their respective jobs. They relate their experiences to each other because they are very concerned about their situations. Arianne speaks of a conversation with her immediate supervisor in which he (the supervisor) tells her that if she agrees to spend the weekend together with him on their next business trip together, he will recommend her for a promotion. Arianne believes that "spending the weekend together" meant sharing physical intimacy with her supervisor. Cara has a different situation. She works in a department where there are only a few women. Her male colleagues consistently make lewd remarks about her body and attempt to show her pornographic pictures. If Arianne and Cara were men, which of the following statements would be true? A. Sexual harassment would be applicable as the standard applies regardless of the sex of the victim. B. It would be a case of quid pro quo harassment but not of hostile environment. C. Sexual harassment would not have occurred. D. It would be a case of hostile environment but not a case of quid pro quo harassment. E. The company would not be liable for harassment.

A. Sexual harassment would be applicable as the standard applies regardless of the sex of the victim.

Theodora attended an interview for a job with a manufacturing firm. As she met all the minimum requirements for the post, she was not surprised when she received a formal job offer. However, a few days later, the firm informed her that the job offer had been revoked because the manager in that department felt that women should not work in a manufacturing environment. The firm assured her that the matter was nothing personal and wished her luck for her career. Which of the following laws has the manufacturing firm violated? A. Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act B. Americans with Disabilities Act C. Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act D. Age Discrimination in Employment Act E. Fair Labor Standards Act

A. Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act

The "Stay and Gain" program appears to be designed to A. attract and retain talented employees. B. promote glass ceiling effect. C. create a monolithic organization. D. increase ethnocentrism in employees. E. increase instances of groupthink.

A. attract and retain talented employees.

As a consultant to a local manufacturing facility, you are conducting a leadership training seminar. You encounter several managers who believe that they can describe the key to their success: Katie says that she is successful because when she tells her employees to do something, they do it because she's the boss. Lily explains that she can get her employees to do what she wants because they like her, and they want their manager to appreciate them. Marc feels that his employees are cooperative because they realize that he knows more about their jobs than anybody else in the organization. Emma says that if employees fail to be productive, she takes away their leave privileges, and that corrects the problem. In the context of Scenario A, Emma utilizes _____ power to get work done. A. coercive B. reward C. expert D. referent E. legitimate

A. coercive

At a restaurant, employees who perform poorly during a particular shift are scheduled for the unpopular weekend shifts by the manager. In this case, the manager exercises his _____ power. A. coercive B. legitimate C. negative D. referent E. expert

A. coercive

Selene, a new recruit at Yellow Systems Inc., was encouraged to join the Hispanic Help Group (HHP) to discuss the challenges and opportunities faced by Hispanics at work. The group helped individuals like Selena, who came from a diverse background, understand the norms, culture, and other employees within the organization. With the help of this group, Selena was able to adjust to the organization more quickly and effectively. Thus, Hispanic Help Group is an example of a(n) A. employee support group. B. association of whistleblowers. C. quality circle. D. cross-functional group. E. focus group.

A. employee support group

Since the younger employees like to take time off and travel, the company has introduced a flexible work system so that the young managers may work more hours each day and leave after they have completed their work for the week. This gives them the benefit of longer weekends. Component 3, as described in Scenario B, is an example of A. flexible work arrangements. B. job sharing. C. awareness building. D. work study analysis. E. job rotation.

A. flexible work arrangements.

Arianne and Cara are good friends who are experiencing problems in their respective jobs. They relate their experiences to each other because they are very concerned about their situations. Arianne speaks of a conversation with her immediate supervisor in which he (the supervisor) tells her that if she agrees to spend the weekend together with him on their next business trip together, he will recommend her for a promotion. Arianne believes that "spending the weekend together" meant sharing physical intimacy with her supervisor. Cara has a different situation. She works in a department where there are only a few women. Her male colleagues consistently make lewd remarks about her body and attempt to show her pornographic pictures. Cara is, more specifically, a victim of A. hostile environment. B. mutual adjustment. C. ethnocentrism. D. groupthink. E. workplace cohesion.

A. hostile environment.

Bruce's boss makes no managerial decisions but asks his employees to take the necessary steps in all aspects of work. Which of the following decision styles does Bruce's boss follow? A. laissez-faire B. directive C. participative D. democratic E. autocratic

A. laissez-faire

Reese has been working hard to achieve her performance goals. She received a positive performance review and a big pay raise from her manager. This illustrates her manager's ______ power. A. reward B. expert C. legitimate D. referent E. coercive

A. reward

Which of the following is best described as a mental image of a possible and desirable future state of an organization? A. vision B. expertise C. leadership D. power E. authority

A. vision

Core capability

Ability, skill, knowledge that underlies a companies ability to be a leader in providing a range of goods and services

True

Abraham Maslow argued that people try to satisfy their lower-level needs and then progress upward to the higher-level needs.

They motivate people to care about an important mission.

According to Kouzes and Posner, which of the following is an action of the best leaders?

It is important to most American managers

According to McClelland's research, which of the following statements is true of the need for achievement?

task performance

According to the behavioral approach to studying leadership, the _____ behavior includes a focus on work speed, quality and accuracy, quantity of output, and following the rules.

extraversion

According to the trait approach to studying leadership, _____ is consistently related to leadership emergence and leadership effectiveness.

expert

Alexa, a manager, has several years of experience in engineering technologies, and holds many professional licenses. New engineers in the firm frequently look to her for instruction or advice. Alexa can be considered to have ______ power.

Ethical Climate

Alia, a graphic artist at an advertising firm, realizes that the head designer, Ryan, has been copying designs from the Internet and passing them off as his own. Alia informs the marketing head about this, which leads to Ryan being fired. However, after this event, Alia is cold-shouldered by her co-workers. Which of the following is poor in this organization?

false

Allegra independently owns and operates Southwest Style, a small business with about 30 employees. She is happy with the size of her business and the average profits it generates. From this scenario, Allegra's business can be considered an entrepreneurial venture

Differentiation

An aspect of the organization's internal environment created by job SPECIALIZATION and the division of LABOR.

Differentiation

An aspect of the organization's internal environment created by job specialization and the division of labor.

franchising

An entrepreneurial alliance between a franchisor (an innovator who has created at least one successful store and wants to grow) and a franchisee (a partner who manages a new store of the same type in a new location).

entrepreneur

An individual who establishes a new organization without the benefit of corporate sponsorship.

Total Quality Management (TQM)

An integrative approach to management that supports the attainment of customer satisfaction through a wide variety of tools and techniques that result in high-quality goods and services

Total quality management (TQM)

An integrative approach to management that supports the attainment of customer satisfaction through a wide variety of tools and techniques the result in high-quality goods and services.

Lean Manufacturing

An operation that strives to achieve the highest possible productivity and total quality, cost effectively, by eliminating unnecessary steps in the production process and continually striving for improvement.

lean manufacturing

Lean manufacturing

An operation that strives to achieve the highest possible productivity and total quality, cost-effectively, by eliminating unnecessary steps in the production process and continually striving for improvement.

Matrix organization

An organization composed of DUAL REPORTING relationships in which some managers report to TWO superiors—a functional manager and a divisional manager.

Matrix organization

An organization composed of dual reporting relationships in which some managers report to two superiors- a functional manager and a divisional manager.

Matrix Organization

An organization composed of dual reporting relationships in which some managers report to two superiors—a functional manager and a divisional manager

centralized organization

An organization in which high-level executives make most decisions and pass them down to lower levels for implementation

Centralized organization

An organization in which high-level executives make most decisions and pass them to lower levels for implementation.

decentralized organization

An organization in which lower-level managers make important decisions

Decentralized organization

An organization in which lower-level managers make important decisions.

High-Involvement Organization

An organization in which top management ensures that there is consensus about the direction in which the business is heading

High-involvement organization

An organization in which top management ensures that there is consensus about the direction in which the business is heading.

The employees dominated the discussions and promoted their ideas

An organization recently made changes to its organizational structure. While deciding upon the changes to be implemented, the organization invited many employees to discuss the issue with the senior management. Moreover, this enabled the employees to hear the relevant arguments both for the chosen alternative and against the rejected alternatives. Which of the following was an advantage of using employees in the group discussion?

Learning Organization

An organization skilled at creating, acquiring, and transferring knowledge, and at modifying its behavior to reflect new knowledge and insights.

Learning organization

An organization skilled at creating, acquiring, and transferring knowledge, and at modifying its behavior to reflect new knowledge and insights.

True

An organization's mission statement describes the company's basic purpose and scope of operations.

ORGANIC structure

An organizational form that emphasizes FLEXIBILITY.

Organic structure

An organizational form that emphasizes flexibility.

The upper half of Fielder's contingency model questions

Are leader-members relations good or poor? Is the task structured or unstructured? Is the leader's position power strong or weak?

Conceptual and Decision

Argonia Studios Inc. senior managers recognized a lack of employee enthusiasm about the new website. In fact, there was a fair amount of infighting and accusations of who was responsible for the layout, given that the firm is highly competent in design and production. Karen, a manager, got the team together and engaged them in a lively discussion to decide how to change the website so it reflected more of Argonia's unique design ability. As the meeting wound down, each team member volunteered to take on a part of the project to fix the site. The ability to identify this problem and resolve it is an effective use of which skill?

mobilize people to contribute their ideas

As one of the key management functions, leading focuses on a manager's efforts to:

side street effect

As you head down a road, unexpected opportunities begin to appear.

Delegation

Assigning responsibilities to a subordinate, must fundamental feature of management at all levels

Focuses on broadening team capabilities through projects and assignments

At the team leadership level, the team leader does which of the following?

_____ leadership refers to a style in which the leader is true to himself or herself while leading.

Authentic

What are the four dimensions of a firm's vertical structure?

Authority, span of control, delegation, centralization.

_____ refers to a form of leadership in which the leader makes decisions on his or her own and then announces those decisions to the group

Autocratic leadership

According to Kouzes and Posner, which of the following is an action of the best leaders? A)They refrain from challenging conventional beliefs and practices B)They motivate people to care about an important mission C)They just tell people what do in every situation D) They show little appreciation so that people do not become lazy E)They withhold information and full power from people to prevent misuse.

Effective followers are capable of _______, yet at the same time are actively committed to organizational goals: A)Taking shortcuts B)Thinking independently C)Obeying orders in all situations D)Ignoring instructions E)Placing their own goals first

Which of the following is a characteristic of transformation leadership? A)Giving precedence to self-interest B)Having positive self-regard C)Ignoring followers' real needs D)Viewing management as a series of transactions E)Being dispassionate

In interviews, the CEOs of business and government agencies around the world said the most important leadership qualities over the next five years would be A) Global thinking & Dedication B) Creativity & Integrity C) Integrity & Dedication D) Fairness & Creativity E) Global thinking & Creativity

B) Creativity & Integrity

The best leaders appeal to people's values and motivate them to care about an important mission. This is know as A) Challenging the process B) Inspiring a shared vision C) Enabling others to act D) Modeling the way E) Encouraging the heart

B) Inspiring a shared vision

Behavior that gives purpose and meaning to organizations, envisioning and creating a positive future is known as A) Task-motivated leadership B) Strategic leadership C) Transactional leadership D) Supervisory leadership

B) Strategic leadership

Behavior that provides guidance, support, and corrective feedback for day-to-day activities is know as A) Strategic leadership B) Supervisory leadership C) Autocratic leadership D) Democratic leadership

B) Supervisory leadership

If a vision conveys a(n)_________, it communicates a standard of excellence and a clear choice of positive values. A) goal B) ideal C) criterion D) standard

B) ideal

Which of the following statements is true regarding various decision styles? A. A laissez-faire style results in positive attitudes. B. A democratic style results in positive attitudes. C. An autocratic style results in lower performance. D. A laissez-faire style results in higher performance. E. A democratic style is the fastest way to make decisions.

B. A democratic style results in positive attitudes.

According to Kouzes and Posner, which of the following is an action of the best leaders? A. They refrain from challenging conventional beliefs and practices. B. They motivate people to care about an important mission. C. They just tell people what to do in every situation. D. They show little appreciation so that people do not become lazy. E. They withhold information and full power from people to prevent misuse.

B. They motivate people to care about an important mission.

In the context of the path-goal, _____ is people's beliefs about their own capabilities to do their assigned jobs. A. extraversion B. ability C. authoritarianism D. locus of control E. neuroticism

B. ability

A company has developed a new cell phone that will be targeted at developing countries. It is estimated that the demand for the new product will initially be slow but would accelerate gradually as the product becomes increasingly familiar to worldwide consumers. In order to determine the number of workers necessary to staff the new production facilities, the company needs to conduct a(n) A. inventory calculation. B. demand forecast. C. utilization survey. D. recruitment drive. E. market search.

B. demand forecast.

Which of the following is a characteristic of transformational leadership? A. giving precedence to self-interest B. having positive self-regard C. ignoring followers' real needs D. viewing management as a series of transactions E. being dispassionate

B. having positive self-regard

According to Hersey and Blanchard's situational theory, _____ is the level of the followers' skills and technical knowledge relative to the task being performed. A. psychological maturity B. job maturity C. laissez-faire D. empathy E. charisma

B. job maturity

Carmen assigned a newly hired employee, Raj, to the accounting department because the department needs to work more quickly and accurately. Carmen assumed that the new employee could provide the needed energy. Unfortunately, the other workers seem to resent Raj's presence because of his cultural and ethnic background. They have further excluded him from the work group. This has made Raj's work more difficult since he is not really given the "inside" information needed to perform his work efficiently. Which of the challenges of a diversified workforce appears to be operating most prominently in this scenario? A. greater flexibility B. lower cohesiveness C. gender discrimination D. decentralized decision making E. groupthink

B. lower cohesiveness

Since many of the older residents of the area are retired managers from your company, a component of the program includes assigning the older retired managers to help the younger employees manage their careers by familiarizing them with the norms and the values of the company and introducing the potential individuals among them to the top management. Component 2, as described in Scenario B, is an example of A. free riding. B. mentoring. C. social loafing. D. benchmarking. E. prospecting.

B. mentoring.

When the HR department evaluated the amount and type of employees that should be hired, which stage of the HR planning process were they in? A. scanning B. planning C. programming D. delivery E. screening

B. planning

The top management of a company determined that their end-of-year bonuses would not be given due to low sales. Jane, a department manager, informed her staff that even high-performing employees should not expect a bonus. Jane's _____ power was limited by the decision of the top management. A. legitimate B. reward C. expert D. referent E. coercive

B. reward

Arianne and Cara are good friends who are experiencing problems in their respective jobs. They relate their experiences to each other because they are very concerned about their situations. Arianne speaks of a conversation with her immediate supervisor in which he (the supervisor) tells her that if she agrees to spend the weekend together with him on their next business trip together, he will recommend her for a promotion. Arianne believes that "spending the weekend together" meant sharing physical intimacy with her supervisor. Cara has a different situation. She works in a department where there are only a few women. Her male colleagues consistently make lewd remarks about her body and attempt to show her pornographic pictures. In Scenario A, Arianne and Cara are the victims of A. free riding. B. sexual harassment. C. groupthink. D. workplace cohesion. E. physical assault.

B. sexual harassment.

Mila was refused a job, in spite of the fact that she had all the required qualifications. The reason for this rejection was that she reacted negatively to an illicit comment made by her interviewer on her dressing. Based on the given information, it would be most accurate to say that Mila is a victim of A. larceny. B. sexual harassment. C. nepotism. D. social loafing. E. whistleblowing.

B. sexual harassment.

Benny, Homer, and Jean were three qualified engineers working in a team at a firm. Though Benny had the most experience, he did not always lead the group. Some projects required specialized knowledge that the other two members had, so the leadership role was passed around the group as appropriate. They were using the ________ style of leadership. A. lateral B. shared C. bridge D. authentic E. servant-leader.

B. shared

At a management retreat, people are talking about the leadership theories they prefer. Ralph says that his favorite leadership perspective is the one that assumes that leaders are born, not made. Anna, on the other hand, has found that her most effective style of leadership is to capitalize on the fact that she arouses a sense of excitement in her employees, who genuinely like and admire her and want to follow her lead. Robin says that his favorite theory recognizes the fact that the style of leadership to be used depends on the state of affairs. He explains that the theory he favors suggests looking before one leads. In the context of Scenario B, Robin described the _____ to leadership. A. behavioral approach B. situational approach C. transactional approach D. trait approach E. charismatic approach

B. situational approach

Effective followers are capable of _____, yet at the same time are actively committed to organizational goals. A. taking shortcuts B. thinking independently C. obeying orders in all situations D. ignoring instructions E. placing their own goals first

B. thinking independently

True

Balanced scorecards are intended to keep CEOs focused on the company's longer-term health.

______ is a leadership perspective that attempts to identify what good leaders do—that is, what behaviors they exhibit.

Behavioral approach

lower right quadrant

Benjamin wishes to open a new home furnishing company that will have no services that are particularly distinctive compared to competitors in this well established field; the business will require a sizable investment. In what part of the entrepreneurial strategy matrix is new company likely to be located?

Shared leadership

Benny, Homer, and Jean were three qualified engineers working in a team at a firm. Though Benny had the most experience, he did not always lead the group. Some projects required specialized knowledge that the other two members had, so the leadership role was passed around the group as appropriate. This leadership style is known as which of the following?

The best-known leadership model?

Blake and Mouton's leadership grid

Level 5 requires?

Both transformational and transactional

Job enrichment

Bradley's job responsibilities have recently been changed as part of a decentralization effort taking place at his office. He has been given the authority to decide when a file's status is to be altered, rather than only altering files at his supervisor's discretion. In this scenario, which of the following is this an example of?

True

Brand identification is a barrier to entry.

Glass ceiling effect

Brenda has recently been denied a promotion. Unfortunately, this is the third time she was turned down for promotion despite excellent performance reviews. Her manager assures her that she was qualified for the promotion but "that's just the way things go." After this latest disappointment, Brenda did an in-depth research on the history of her company. She found that only two women candidates had been promoted to upper management positions in the company's entire history. Which of the following factors is most likely obstructing Brenda's career growth?

Laissez-faire

Bruce's boss makes no managerial decisions but asks his employees to take the necessary steps in all aspects of work. Which of the select decision styles does Bruce's boss follow?

True

Budgetary control is the process of finding out what's being done and comparing the results with the corresponding budget data to verify accomplishments or remedy differences.

narrow span of control

Build tall organization with many reporting levels

Which of the following is a traditional approach to studying leadership? A)The shared approach B)The lateral approach C)The behavioral approach D)the servant-ladder approach E)The bridge approach

______leadership is behavior that provides guidance, support, and corrective feedback for day to day activities A)Authentic B)Autocratic C)Supervisory D)Laissez-faire E)Strategic

____leadership is about creating better interpersonal processes for finding solutions A)Bridge B)Pseudo transformational C)Lateral D)Autocratic E)Authentic

A leader is one who influences other to _________. A) Challenge the process B) Create a shared vision C) Attain goals D) Serve others

C) Attain goals

The best leaders give people access to information and give them the power to perform to their full potential. This is know as A) Challenging the process B) Inspiring a shared vision C) Enabling others to act D) Modeling the way E) Encouraging the heart

C) Enabling others to act

A mental image of a possible and desirable future state of an organization is known as a A) Mission B) Goal C) Vision D) Concept

C) Vision

The metaphor used to reinforce the important concept of a vision is A) a band. B) an airplane. C) a jigsaw puzzle. D) a butterfly.

C) a jigsaw puzzle.

Which of the following statements regarding leadership vision is accurate? A. A strong leader succeeds without developing a clear vision. B. A vision focuses only on performance and day-to-day survival. C. A person or team can develop a vision for any organization. D. A vision helps an organization maintain the status quo. E. A vision exists only at the higher levels of an organization.

C. A person or team can develop a vision for any organization.

Which of the following questions can be used to identify one's boss's level of group maintenance leadership? A. Does your superior urge you to complete your work by a specified time? B. When you do an adequate job, does your superior focus on the inadequate way the job is done? C. Does your supervisor generally support you? D. To what extent does your superior give you instructions and orders? E. Does your superior try to make you work to your maximum capacity?

C. Does your supervisor generally support you?

_____ leadership is about creating better interpersonal processes for finding solutions. A. Bridge B. Pseudo transformational C. Lateral D. Autocratic E. Authentic

C. Lateral

_____ leadership is behavior that provides guidance, support, and corrective feedback for day-to-day activities. A. Authentic B. Autocratic C. Supervisory D. Laissez-faire E. Strategic

C. Supervisory

In the context of the path-goal theory, _____ is the degree to which individuals respect, admire, and defer to power. A. drive B. ability C. authoritarianism D. locus of control E. self-confidence

C. authoritarianism

A(n) _______ leader is dominant, self-confident, convinced of the moral righteousness of his or her beliefs, and able to arouse a sense of excitement and adventure in followers. A. authentic B. servant C. charismatic D. bridge E. pseudotransformational

C. charismatic

Jeffery applied for a summer job as a bookkeeper. As part of his employment screening, he was asked to take an exam with numerical aptitude questions. This type of selection test is referred to as a A. certification test. B. performance test. C. cognitive ability test. D. validity test. E. personality test.

C. cognitive ability test.

Natalie expects a lot from her staff. She sets high goals for them. Hence, they need to work hard. She also expects high quality output. Tiffany works toward maintaining good relationships with each employee. She regularly praises them and seeks ways to help them solve problems and reduce stress. She has been told she is easy to talk to. Abby solicits input from her employees on certain decisions and tries to incorporate them. Sometimes, she even meets her entire team and tries to reach a consensus. In the context of Scenario B, Abby's style of leadership is A. task performance leadership. B. autocratic leadership. C. democratic leadership. D. shared leadership. E. group maintenance leadership.

C. democratic leadership.

Natalie expects a lot from her staff. She sets high goals for them. Hence, they need to work hard. She also expects high quality output. Tiffany works toward maintaining good relationships with each employee. She regularly praises them and seeks ways to help them solve problems and reduce stress. She has been told she is easy to talk to. Abby solicits input from her employees on certain decisions and tries to incorporate them. Sometimes, she even meets her entire team and tries to reach a consensus. In the context of Scenario B, Tiffany favors a(n) _____ style of leadership. A. democratic B. shared C. group maintenance D. task performance E. autocratic

C. group maintenance

As a consultant to a local manufacturing facility, you are conducting a leadership training seminar. You encounter several managers who believe that they can describe the key to their success: Katie says that she is successful because when she tells her employees to do something, they do it because she's the boss. Lily explains that she can get her employees to do what she wants because they like her, and they want their manager to appreciate them. Marc feels that his employees are cooperative because they realize that he knows more about their jobs than anybody else in the organization. Emma says that if employees fail to be productive, she takes away their leave privileges, and that corrects the problem. In the context of Scenario A, Lily uses her _____ power to manage her employees. A. coercive B. expert C. referent D. reward E. legitimate

C. referent

In the context of Fiedler's contingency model, _____ leadership is more likely from high least preferred coworker (LPC) leaders. A. task-motivated B. autocratic C. relationship-motivated D. coercive E. laissez-faire

C. relationship-motivated

In the context of Scenario B, Robin described the _____ to leadership. A. trait approach B. behavioral approach C. situational approach D. charismatic approach E. transactional approach

C. situational approach

Top management teams

CEO's share authority with top management teams. Consists of usually CEO, president, COO, CFO. Make decisions as a unit

Advantages of a Matrix Design

CROSS-functional problem solving leads to better-informed and more creative decisions Decision making is DECENTRALIZED Extensive communications networks help process large amounts of information HIGHER management levels are not overloaded with OPERATIONAL decisions Resource utilization is efficient

Lower cohesiveness

Carmen assigned a newly hired employee, Raj, to the accounting department because the department needs to work more quickly and accurately. Carmen assumed that the new employee could provide the needed energy. Unfortunately, the other workers seem to resent Raj's presence because of his cultural and ethnic background. They have further excluded him from the work group; this made Raj's work more difficult since he is not really given the "inside" information needed to perform his work efficiently. Which of the challenges of a diversified workforce appears to be operating most prominently in this scenario?

Transaction Fee Model

Charging fees for goods and services

transaction fee model

Charging fees for goods and services.

Subscription Model

Charging fees for site visits

subscription model

Charging fees for site visits.

Advertising Support Model

Charging fees to advertise on a site

advertising support model

Charging fees to advertise on a site.

Intermediary Model

Charging fees to bring buyers and sellers together

intermediary model

Charging fees to bring buyers and sellers together.

affiliate model

Charging fees to direct site visitors to other companies' sites.

a personal who is dominant, self-confident, convinced of the moral righteousness of his or her beliefs, and able to arouse a sense of excitement and adventure in followers

Charismatic leader

Structured

Charles and Nathan applied for a managerial position with a company. After their interviews, they compared notes and found that they had been asked the same questions. In the context of the given scenario, they had been subjected to which type of interview?

satisficing

Choosing an option that is acceptable, although not necessarily the best or perfect.

Buffering

Clara owns a small gift shop in Carolina. She hopes the economy will rebound this fall, as she has to order her Christmas merchandise and other holiday gifts in February. She wants to make sure she has enough goods for the surge in sales that the holiday season usually brings to her retail store. Here, which of the following is Clara using to be sure she has enough gifts for those extra customers she hopes will bear the economic woes and shop for holiday gifts?

Network Organization

Collection of independent firms that collaborate to produce a good or service

Common Methods of Coordination

Coordination by plan Coordination by

Wide span of control

Create flat organization with fewer reporting levels

According to behavioral approach to studying leadership, the_____ behavior includes a focus on work speed, quality and accuracy, quantity of output, and following the rules A)Group maintenance B)Laissez-faire C)Supportive D)Task performance E)Competent

In exhibiting_____behaviors, leaders take action to ensure the satisfaction of group members, develop and maintain harmonious work relationships, and preserve the groups social stability

The best visions for an organization are both ideal and _________ A) Proven B) Conventional C)Proprietary D)Unique E)Provisional

which of the following is a characteristic of transactional leadership? A)Charisma B)Intellectual stimulation C)ability to pay individual attention D)Unaffected by strong emotion or prejudice

All of the following are reasons for why a vision can fail except A) An inappropriate vision may reflect merely the leader's personal needs. B) An inappropriate vision may ignore stakeholder needs. C) A vision may be unethical, or it may fail because of lack of acceptance by the market or by those who must implement it. D) A vision may fail when the words imply a combination of realism and optimism.

D) A vision may fail when the words imply a combination of realism and optimism.

Organizations need people to be leaders at what level? A) Top level management B) Middle level management C) Lower level management D) At all levels

D) At all levels

The best visions are both A) stimulating and important B) optimistic and simple C) ambitious and significant D) ideal and unique

D) ideal and unique

Outstanding leaders combine good ______________ and effective _______________ to formulate and implement strategies that produce results and sustainable competitive advantage. A) interpersonal processes & vision creation B) encouragement of the heart & communication processes C) personal development & business strategies D) strategic substance & interpersonal processes

D) strategic substance & interpersonal processes

If the vision is _________, it communicates and inspires pride in being different from other organizations. A) rare B) valuable C) referent D) unique

D) unique

Men were paid an average of ten percent more than women for the same jobs with the same performance levels. Women were denied health insurance and encouraged to quit after they announced that they were pregnant. However, men with medical conditions did not meet with similar treatment. Several employees who met the required qualifications were not being paid for working overtime. In the context of the first problem in Scenario C, which of the following laws has the company violated? A. Americans with Disabilities Act B. Family and Medical Leave Act C. Fair Labor Standards Act D. Equal Pay Act E. Pregnancy Discrimination Act

D. Equal Pay Act

In the context of the trait approach to leadership, _____ refers to a set of characteristics that reflect a high level of effort, including high need for achievement, constant striving for improvement, ambition, energy, tenacity, and initiative. A. integrity B. self-confidence C. leadership motivation D. drive E. knowledge of the business

D. drive

When the HR department examined the results of activities such as recruitment and retention to support the organizational goals of Lewis Corp., which stage of the HR planning process were they in? A. programming B. control C. examination D. evaluation E. appraisal

D. evaluation

A leader who has _____ power has certain knowledge; people comply because they believe in, can learn from, or can otherwise gain from that knowledge. A. coercive B. referent C. reward D. expert E. legitimate

D. expert

In exhibiting _____ behaviors, leaders take action to ensure the satisfaction of group members, develop and maintain harmonious work relationships, and preserve the group's social stability. A. task performance B. servant-leader C. autocratic D. group maintenance E. laissez-faire

D. group maintenance

Effective leaders must A. reside in one or two leaders at the top. B. keep all the credit. C. manage resources efficiently. D. permeate the organization. E. minimally delegate.

D. permeate the organization.

Clara, a manager at an organization, has a lot of influence over her employees. She is a popular manager. Her subordinates like working with her and want to emulate her. In the context of this scenario, Clara has _____ power. A. reward B. expert C. legitimate D. referent E. coercive

D. referent

Ryan, as part of his recent promotion, attended a training program that focused on issues like active listening, mentoring, and giving feedback. The training program required Ryan to participate in exercises that focused on these areas along with other managers and employees. Ryan found the seminar to be very helpful in pointing out the different approaches preferred by people from different backgrounds. This type of instruction is common in diversity training and is referred to as A. gap analysis. B. homogeneity training. C. reverse mentoring. D. skill building. E. awareness building.

D. skill building.

Natalie expects a lot from her staff. She sets high goals for them. Hence, they need to work hard. She also expects high quality output. Tiffany works toward maintaining good relationships with each employee. She regularly praises them and seeks ways to help them solve problems and reduce stress. She has been told she is easy to talk to. Abby solicits input from her employees on certain decisions and tries to incorporate them. Sometimes, she even meets her entire team and tries to reach a consensus. In the context of Scenario B, Natalie's style of leadership is A. autocratic. B. shared. C. group maintenance. D. task performance. E. democratic.

D. task performance.

Brenda has recently been denied a promotion. This is the third time she was turned down for promotion despite excellent performance reviews. Her manager assures her that she was qualified for the promotion but "that's just the way things go." After this latest disappointment, Brenda did an in-depth research on the history of her company. She found that only two women candidates had been promoted to upper management positions in the company's entire history. Which of the following factors is most likely obstructing Brenda's career growth? A. the black swan effect B. an affirmative action C. a wide span of control D. the glass ceiling effect E. a diversity-oriented employer

D. the glass ceiling effect

Which of the following is a characteristic of transactional leadership? A. charisma B. intellectual stimulation C. ability to pay individual attention D. unaffected by strong emotion or prejudice E. ability to communicate a vision

D. unaffected by strong emotion or prejudice

The best visions for an organization are both ideal and _____. A. proven B. conventional C. proprietary D. unique E. provisional

D. unique

DRIVE

Decentralization Spreads

Decision-Making Power

Step 1 in effective delegation

Define the goal of succinctly

Steps in effective delegation of a task

Defining goal Soliciting the subordinates view about suggested approaches Scheduling the checkpoints for reviewing progress Discuss progress at appropriate levels

To meet the medical needs of a growing population of aged people, there has been an increase in entrepreneurial ventures specific for different medical problems of the aged. Which of the following types of opportunity does this exemplify? Multiple Choice government initiatives and rule changes lifestyle and taste changes calamities economic dislocations demographic changes

Demographic changes

Functional organization

Departmentalization around SPECIALIZED ACTIVITIES such as production, marketing, and human resources.

Functional organization

Departmentalization around specialized activities such as production, marketing, and human resources.

functional organization

Departmentalization around specialized activities such as production, marketing, and human resources.

Divisional organization

Departmentalization that groups units around PRODUCTS, CUSTOMERS, or GEOGRAPHIC regions.

Divisional organization

Departmentalization that groups units around products, customers, or geographic regions.

divisional organization

Departmentalization that groups units around products, customers, or geographic regions.

Integration

Differentiatied units are put back together so there is an overall product

Unity of command principle

Disadvantage from matrix type that a person should only have one boss

Does your supervisor generally support you?

social entrepreneurship

Dr. Gerry began helping women in South Rhodia obtain micro loans. this act is a typical example of...

In the context of leadership, power is defined as the ability to______ other people A)Coerce B)Control C)Change D)Lead E)Influence

Which of the following can be used to identify one's boss's level of group maintenance leadership? A)Does your superior ask you for reports about the progress of your work? B)How precisely does your superior work out plans for goal achievement each month? C)When you do an adequate job, does your superior focus on the inadequate way the job is done? D)To what extent does your superior give you instructions and orders? E)Do you think your superior trusts you?

Which of the following is an assumption of the trait approach to studying leadership? A)Leadership can effectively be practiced and mastered B)All leaders utilize similar behaviors C)The traits a leader exhibits depend on the situation D)Communication skills are important for leaders E)Leaders are born, not made

_____Refers to a from of leadership in which the leader makes decisions on his or her own then announces those decisions to the group A)Laissez-faire B)Democratic leadership C)The situational approach D) The Vroom model E)Autocratic leadership

The best leaders show appreciation provide rewards and use various approaches to motivate people in positive ways. This is know as A) Challenging the process B) Inspiring a shared vision C) Enabling others to act D) Modeling the way E) Encouraging the heart

E) Encouraging the heart

Which of the following questions can be used to identify one's boss's level of group maintenance leadership? A. Does your superior ask you for reports about the progress of your work? B. How precisely does your superior work out plans for goal achievement each month? C. When you do an adequate job, does your superior focus on the inadequate way the job is done? D. To what extent does your superior give you instructions and orders? E. Does your superior give credit to team members for helping with projects and problem solving?

E. Does your superior give credit to team members for helping with projects and problem solving?

Which of the following is an assumption of the trait approach to studying leadership? A. Leadership can effectively be practiced and mastered. B. All leaders utilize similar behaviors. C. The traits a leader exhibits depend on the situation. D. Communication skills are important for leaders. E. Leaders are born, not made.

E. Leaders are born, not made.

The _____ model of leadership uses the basic situational approach of assessing the situation before determining the best leadership style. A. laissez-faire B. traits C. contingency D. task-motivated E. Vroom

E. Vroom

In Charleston, South Carolina, about one-fifth of the city's population consisted of various ethnic minorities, but only 12 percent of the employees hired in the public sector were minorities. The city government responded to this issue by increasing minority group members' participation in public contracts. This special program taken up by the government authorities is an example of A. crowdsourcing. B. nepotism. C. glass ceiling. D. ethnocentrism. E. affirmative action.

E. affirmative action.

E. expert

As a consultant to a local manufacturing facility, you are conducting a leadership training seminar. You encounter several managers who believe that they can describe the key to their success: Katie says that she is successful because when she tells her employees to do something, they do it because she's the boss. Lily explains that she can get her employees to do what she wants because they like her, and they want their manager to appreciate them. Marc feels that his employees are cooperative because they realize that he knows more about their jobs than anybody else in the organization. Emma says that if employees fail to be productive, she takes away their leave privileges, and that corrects the problem. In the context of Scenario A, Marc has _____ power. A. reward B. coercive C. legitimate D. referent E. expert

E. expert

Even when managers do not themselves engage in _____, if they fail to prevent it or to take appropriate action after receiving legitimate complaints about it, they may still be held liable, along with their companies, if a lawsuit is filed. A. whistleblowing B. discrimination C. discipline practices D. complaining E. harassment

E. harassment

In the context of leadership, power is defined as the ability to _____ other people. A. coerce B. control C. change D. lead E. influence

E. influence

As a consultant to a local manufacturing facility, you are conducting a leadership training seminar. You encounter several managers who believe that they can describe the key to their success: Katie says that she is successful because when she tells her employees to do something, they do it because she's the boss. Lily explains that she can get her employees to do what she wants because they like her, and they want their manager to appreciate them. Marc feels that his employees are cooperative because they realize that he knows more about their jobs than anybody else in the organization. Emma says that if employees fail to be productive, she takes away their leave privileges, and that corrects the problem. In the context of Scenario A, Katie has _____ power. A. coercive B. referent C. expert D. reward E. legitimate

E. legitimate

Oliver, an employee at a company, is extremely eager to take up higher positions in the organization. He is an extrovert and tries to influence the decisions made by his boss. He prefers to lead his colleagues rather than follow them. According to the trait approach to leadership, which of the following traits does Oliver display? A. knowledge of the business B. integrity C. supervision D. expert leadership E. motivation

E. motivation

E. reward

Sandra was recently denied a promotion at her job. She was told that management was looking for someone who was more aggressive to fill the position. Sandra's coworkers were surprised by the management's decision because she had a reputation for "getting things done." Sandra later overheard one of the managers saying that he did not believe she was committed to her career since "she is a typical woman." This instance exemplifies the problem of _____ associated with a diverse workforce. A. groupthink B. free riding C. affirmative action D. social loafing E. stereotyping

E. stereotyping

E. structured

Your company operates in a rural area where there are very few young employees. The company has set up regular meetings for young employees who are new to this rural area to exchange information about activities in the area, work-related problems, and individual experiences. Component 1, as described in Scenario B, mainly talks of A. whistleblowers. B. virtual expatriates. C. mentors. D. quality circles. E. support groups.

E. support groups.

Juana, a native Texan, works for a company based in Switzerland. She is sent to manage the operations of a new facility in Hong Kong. It would be most accurate to refer to Juana as a(n) A. freelancer. B. host-country national. C. expatriate. D. parent-country national. E. third-country national.

E. third-country national.

At a management retreat, people are talking about the leadership theories they prefer. Ralph says that his favorite leadership perspective is the one that assumes that leaders are born, not made. Anna, on the other hand, has found that her most effective style of leadership is to capitalize on the fact that she arouses a sense of excitement in her employees, who genuinely like and admire her and want to follow her lead. Robin says that his favorite theory recognizes the fact that the style of leadership to be used depends on the state of affairs. He explains that the theory he favors suggests looking before one leads. In the context of Scenario B, the leadership perspective that Ralph described is the A. behavioral approach. B. transactional approach. C. charismatic approach. D. situational approach. E. trait approach.

E. trait approach.

Advantages of Functional Organizations

ECONOMIES OF SCALE can be realized Monitoring of the environment is more effective Performance STANDARDS are better maintained Greater opportunity for specialized training and in-depth SKILL DEVELOPMENT Technical specialists are relatively free of administrative work Decision making and lines of communication are SIMPLE and CLEARLY understood

Entrepreneurial Venture

Eddie was a manager at a company that produced household appliances. He had many innovative ideas to increase profit. However, his ideas were not received well by the company. So, he left the company to pursue his own business. His new business is known as an:

thinking independently

Effective followers are capable of _____, yet at the same time are actively committed to organizational goals.

the nature of management has changed.

Empowerment is important in organizations today because:

Established Valid Performance Standards: William Provide Adequate Information: Lauren, Nicole Ensure Acceptability to Employee: Kim Maintain Open Communication: Samantha, Cindy Use Multiple Approaches: Chris

Engaging Employees at the Ritz-Carlton

_________ is the tendency of an organization to identify and capitalize successfully on opportunities to launch new ventures by entering new or established markets with new or existing goods or services. Multiple Choice Opportunity analysis Competitive aggressiveness Bootlegging Entrepreneurial orientation Innovativeness

Entrepreneurial orientation

Which of the following is the difference between inventors and entrepreneurs?

Entrepreneurs have good knowledge and skills in management, business, and networking, whereas inventors lack such skills.

Which of the following is the difference between inventors and entrepreneurs? Multiple Choice Inventors have better management, business, and networking skills as compared to entrepreneurs. Inventors are better able to ensure efficient operations, whereas entrepreneurs are unable to do so. Entrepreneurs have better promoting skills than inventors. Entrepreneurs have good knowledge and skills in management, business, and networking, whereas inventors lack such skills. Inventors have lower levels of creativity and innovation as compared to entrepreneurs.

Entrepreneurs have good knowledge and skills in management, business, and networking, whereas inventors lack such skills.

formal control systems

Entrepreneurs, in part because they are very busy, often fail to use what? This results in inadequate margins to support growth.

_____ involves creating new systems, resources, or processes to produce new goods or services and/or serve new markets. Multiple Choice Advertising Micropayment Entrepreneurship Profiteering Transporting

Entrepreneurship

Is management or leadership important? Can the same person be both a good manager and a good leader?

Equally are important and yes

Standardization

Establishing COMMON ROUTINES and PROCEDURES that apply uniformly to everyone.

Standardization

Establishing common routines and procedures that apply uniformly to everyone

Standardization

Establishing common routines and procedures the apply uniformly to everyone.

A person or team can only develop a vision for certain types of jobs, work units, or organization. (TRUE/FALSE)

FALSE

Academic research does not support that a clear vision and communication of that vision lead to higher venture growth in entrepreneurial firms. (TRUE/FALSE)

FALSE

According to the trait approach to leadership, need for achievement predicts success for division heads in larger and more bureaucratic firms.

FALSE

Many people who do not develop into strong leaders, do not have good interpersonal skills -- instead they focus on performing or surviving on a day-to-day basis. (TRUE/FALSE)

FALSE

Organizations only succeed or fail because of how well they are led. (TRUE/FALSE)

FALSE

Organizations succeed or fail because of how well their followers follow. (TRUE/FALSE)

FALSE

Successful leaders enlist the team in scoring collective wins that result from focusing on the activities that earn praise and rewards. (TRUE/FALSE)

FALSE

Successful leaders enlist the team in scoring unique wins that result from working together toward a shared vision. (TRUE/FALSE)

FALSE

True leadership involves dealing with the ongoing, day-to-day complexities of organizations.

FALSE

Visions are not accidental; the leader must have insights to develop a vision. (TRUE/FALSE)

FALSE

Visions can be small or large and cannot exist at all organizational level. (TRUE/FALSE)

FALSE

Visions can be small or large and only exist at top level of organizations. (TRUE/FALSE)

FALSE

Visions should not be too large or to small and can exist at any organizational level as well as at the very top. (TRUE/FALSE)

FALSE

While leadership requires structuring the organization, staffing it with capable people, and monitoring activities; management goes beyond these functions by inspiring people to attain the vision. (TRUE/FALSE)

FALSE

While managing requires inspiring people to attain the vision; leadership goes beyond this by creating the vision. (TRUE/FALSE)

FALSE

Substitutes for Leadership

Factors in the workplace that can exert the same influence on employees as leaders would provide.

a situational approach to leadership postulating that effectiveness depends on the personal style of the leader and the degree to which the situation gives the leader power, control, and influence over the situation

Fiedler's contingency model of leadership effectiveness

Learning organization

Firm where people engage in disciplined thinking

Strategic alliance

First Health Inc. and Quadra Software Solutions Inc. have decided to share resources to produce a meal-planning program for use at home. The two firms have decided to work together on the project since they cannot develop the project solely with their individual resources. Both organizations will own the resulting program. This effort is known as a?

Step 6 in ED

Follow through by discussing progress at appropriate intervals

High

For motivation to be high, total valence of all outcomes must be

True

Forecasts are most useful when the future will look radically different from the past.

Mechanistic organization

Formal structure intended to promote internal efficiency

Managing intrapreneurship should include

Foster Innovation Reliance in many projects

______ is an entrepreneurial alliance between an innovator who has created at least one successful store and wants to grow and a partner who manages a new store of the same type in a new location. Multiple Choice Franchising An initial public offering Bootlegging The subscription model The affiliate model

Franchising

3 basic approaches to departmentalism

Functional, divisional, matrix

What are the four basic forms of horizontal structure?

Functional, divisional, matrix, network.

1.) make the path to work goals easier to travel by providing coaching and direction 2.)reduce frustrating barriers to goal attainment 3.) increase opportunities for personal satisfaction by increasing payoffs to people for achieving their performance goals

Functions of the leader under path-goal theory

James Kouzes and Barry Posner identify 5 key behaviors of leaders. These behaviors include which of the following? A) Model the way B) Encourage the heart C) Enable others to act D) Treat others respectfully, fairly, and ethically E) Clear obstacles F) Inspire a shared vision G) Challenge the process H) Focus on sustainability I) Create strategic direction J) Develop good judgement K) Support personal development

G) Challenge the process F) Inspire a shared vision C) Enable others to act A) Model the way B) Encourage the heart

Step 4 in effective delegation

Give subordinate authority, time and resources

Which of the following is true of common management challenges faced by entrepreneurs? Multiple Choice Entrepreneurs tend to enjoy each and every aspect of managing an entrepreneurial venture. When competition heats up, a small start-up serving a niche market tends to flourish. The entrepreneur becomes too focused on the big picture and loses control of technical details. Going global creates challenges that can make survival difficult for a young company. As the business grows, entrepreneurs readily delegate work to their subordinates.

Going global creates challenges that can make survival difficult for a young company.

_____ behavior is sometimes referred to as concern for people, supportive leadership, or consideration. A. Task performance B. Servant-leader C. Autocratic D. Leader-member exchange E. Group maintenance

Group maintenance

divisional organization

Groups all functions into a single division and duplicates functions across the divisions. Separate divisions act almost as separate businesses and work independently to acccomplish goals for entire franchise

Originally called life-cycle theory of leadership

Hersey and Blanchard's situational theory

a life-cycle theory of leadership postulating that a manager should consider an employee's psychological and job maturity before deciding whether task performance or maintenance behaviors are more important; highlights the maturity of the followers as a key factor

Hersey and Blanchard's situational theory

matrix organization

Hybrid form of organization in which functional and divisional forms overlap

matrix organization

Hybrid of functional and divisional. Managers and staff report to 2 bosses, functional manager and divisional manager.

Coordination by plan

INTERDEPENDENT UNITS are required to meet deadlines and objectives that contribute to a common goal.

initial public stock offering

IPO is an acronym that stands for

Goal identification Performance reviews Chosen employee Establishing account Project management Meeting

Identify behaviors that occur in each step of the effective delegation process.

best

If a highly cohesive group has high performance norms, that group will have the _____ performance.

Affirmative action

In Charleston, South Carolina, about one-fifth of the city's population consisted of various ethnic minorities, but only 12% of the employees hired in the public sector were minorities. The city government leaders responded to this issue by increasing minority group members' participation in public contracts. Moreover, this special program taken up by the government authorities is an example of?

decentralized

In _____ organizations, more decisions are made at lower levels of management.

benchmarking

In an attempt to improve customer service, Cobalt Toys Inc. management decided to assign a team to investigate the kinds of services offered by competing companies. The team discovered that a smaller company, Nuance Games Corp., seemed to have outstanding customer service. The team then found the major differences between the two companies and developed a plan to incorporate the best elements of Nuance Games into Cobalt Toys. Which of the following is being implemented by Cobalt Toys?

Middle managers

In charge of facilities and departments

In the study what was found between the two styles?

In democratic resulted in the most positive attitudes, but autocratic resulted in higher performance

group maintenance

In exhibiting _____ behaviors, leaders take action to ensure the satisfaction of group members, develop and maintain harmonious work relationships, and preserve the group's social stability.

Fill at least one key position with a nonfamily member

In order for family-managed businesses to survive and prosper, management guru Peter Drucker advised family business owners to do which of the following?

Vertical integration

In order to reduce production costs, Seuss Inc., an automobile manufacturer, decided to buy out a glass plant and begin manufacturing the glass for the windows of cars on its own. The corporate strategy adopted by the company is known as which of the following?

Vroom

In the __________ model, after answering a series of questions, several leader decisions styles may be appropriate, but the model recommends using the one that takes the least amount of time.

influence

In the context of leadership, power is defined as the ability to _____ other people.

If one does not anticipate change and adapt to it, one's firm will not thrive in a competitive business environment.

In the context of managerial approaches, which of the following is true of change?

They are skilled at experimenting with new approaches

In the context of organizational agility, which of the following is true of learning organizations?

Job shop

In the context of technology configurations, a small, local restaurant with one cook, two servers, and one cashier. Which of the following applies by example in this scenario?

the major targets that relate to the long-term survival of an organization.

In the context of the levels of planning, strategic goals are:

hierarchical

In the context of the levels of planning, the formal planning model is _____, with top-level strategies flowing down through the levels of the organization into more specific goals and plans.

Achievement-Oriented

In the context of the path-goal theory, _____ leadership refers to behaviors geared toward motivating people, such as setting challenging goals and rewarding good performance.

Social facilitation effect

In this scenario, which of the following do the students who perform well only when the group works together exemplify?

Subordinates prefer autonomy to close supervisory control.

In which of the following conditions should the span of control be wide within an organization?

Parallel teams

In which of the following do organizational members often come from different units or jobs, and are asked to do work that is not normally done by the standard structure?

What is the role of the economic environment in the success of entrepreneurial ventures? Multiple Choice Increases in the money supply and the supply of bank loans lead to improved prospects and increased sources of capital. Entrepreneurial success is not affected by the economic environment; a good idea will prevail in all external conditions. Entrepreneurial success is affected only by the talent and behavior of individuals, not by the economic environment. Downturns in the economic environment offer no opportunity for entrepreneurial success. A robust economy and the resulting increase in credit and demand boost the rate of new business formation, but a troubled economy has little effect on new ventures.

Increases in the money supply and the supply of bank loans lead to improved prospects and increased sources of capital.

Entrepreneur

Individuals who establish a new organization without the benefit of corporate sponsorship

Bootlegging

Informal work on projects, other than those officially assigned of employees' own choosing and initiative

bootlegging

Informal work on projects, other than those officially assigned, of employees' own choosing and initiative.

Top executives known as

Inside directors

Coordination by plan

Interdependent units are required to meet deadlines and objectives that contribute to a common goal.

a leader who leads collaborative performance between groups or organizations like departmental cooperation, joint ventures, public/private partnerships, and collaborations that cross national, cultural, and religious boundaries

Intergroup leader

coordination by mutual adjustment

Involves feedback and discussions to jointly figure out how to approach rproblems and solve them that are agreeable to everybody

In the context of leadership, which of the following is true of vision?

It expresses a leader's ambitions for an organization.

Principled

Jade, a scientist working in the research department of Corals Cosmetics was asked not to report the ill effects of using a new product that Corals decided to launch. Jade's boss offers a salary increase and a permanent job in exchange for skipping a few details in the report. Jade refuses to do this and asks him to withhold the product from entering the market. Which stage is Jade in according to Kohlberg's model of cognitive moral development?

entrepreneurship

Jake worked as an engineer for Z-T Solutions. He had many innovative ideas for the company, but most were never explored to his satisfaction. Therefore, he left the corporation to start his own business. He applied his ideas and thoughts to this business and finally succeeded. This is an example of...

The threat of new entrants is low

Jay's Cereals Inc. is a major supplier to almost all grocery store chains, and has most of the cereal aisle valuable shelf space. Which of the following is true based on this information?

Cognitive ability test

Jeffery applied for a summer job as a bookkeeper. As part of his employment screening, he was asked to take an exam with numerical aptitude questions. Which type of selection test was used in this case?

Functional organization

Jobs are specialized according to the skills they require. Appropriate for stable environment. Difficulty bringing new products. Not flexible

Ready-made

Julia is evaluating a new customer relationship management software solution for her business. She knows several business owners and managers who have implemented the software in their organizations. Instead of conducting a trial in her own company, she asks them for their advice. Julia is most likely searching for which solution to her problem?

Question marks

Kohler Corp. is evaluating the purchase of a small firm, Stealth Corp. that manufactures ornamental fixtures, products involving advanced technology. These products are expected to revolutionize the home construction industry. Stealth Corp. has only a minor share of this growing market, but the market is expected to grow rapidly. In which of the following categories of business in the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) matrix would this firm be placed?

Bruce's boss makes no managerial decisions but asks his employees to take the necessary steps in all aspects of work. Which of the following decision styles does Bruce's boss follow? A. Democratic B. Autocratic C. Directive D. Participative E. Laissez-faire

Laissez-faire

Intrinsic reward

Laurel loves his job! His job offers him the chance to meet many people, to work outdoors, and to do things his own way. Laurel often jokes that he would be glad to do his job even if he is not given any pay. Which of the following is an example of this type of fulfillment?

True

Leaders serve people best by helping them develop their own initiative and good judgment, enabling them to grow, and helping them become better contributors.

Types of Power

Legitimate Reward Coercive Referent Expert

a combination of strong professional will (determination) and humility that builds enduring greatness; focused on long-term success, turn attention to the organization

Level 5 leadership

Advantages of Delegation

Leverages managers' ENERGY and TALENT Conserves managers' most valuable asset: TIME Develops SUBORDINATES' managerial skills and knowledge Promotes subordinates

followers of moderate maturity

Maintenance behaviors are important for

Entrepreneurs are not

Making only safe decisions

Accountability

Manager has right to expect subordinate to carry out the work and have right to take corrective action if subordinate fails to do so

True

Managers need to excel at reading interactions and adjusting their communication styles and perceptions to the people with whom they interact.

Extinction

Maria is known to favor some of her employees over others. For those she dislikes, she sets impossible performance goals so that they cannot possibly succeed, and their motivation suffers. Which of the following is this an example of based on this scenario?

ERG theory indicates that various needs operate simultaneously.

Maslow's need hierarchy theory is different from Alderfer's ERG theory due to which of the following?

Coordination by plan

More independent and can modify actions as long as they meet deadlines

Ernest

Motivation

Oliver, an employee at a company, is extremely eager to take up higher positions in the organization. He is an extrovert and tries to influence the decisions made by his boss. He prefers to lead his colleagues rather than follow them. According to the trait approach to leadership, which of the following traits does Oliver display? A. Supervision B. Motivation C. Expert leadership D. Knowledge of the business E. Integrity

Motivation

Organic structure

Much less rigid, very flexible. Depends on informal structure of employee networks

intrapreneurs

New venture creators working inside big companies.

Which of the following individuals is most likely to become a successful entrepreneur? Multiple Choice Nigel enjoys challenges, has a strong social network, has good knowledge of management techniques, and possesses excellent business skills. Hilary has an MBA and has been a manager in a corporate office for ten years. She likes a job to be well done and works best when she plans ahead. Phoebe likes to invent new products, enjoys working in the laboratory, and avoids conflict whenever possible. She has little knowledge of business. Kylie has strong marketing and selling skills, and loves challenges in these areas. Edward is creative, embraces new ideas and products, and likes to motivate others but prefers working by himself.

Nigel enjoys challenges, has a strong social network, has good knowledge of management techniques, and possesses excellent business skills.

Leaders are the heroes?

No leaders make heroes out of the other people

Span of control

Number of subordinates that report directly to an executive or supervisor

Lower management (operational level)

Office managers, sales managers, supervisors, and first line managers

CEO

Officially vested in board of directors, top of pyramid,

Motivation

Frontline manager

One of Harry's primary activities in his career as a supervisor at Thomson Bird Food Inc. is working with his middle manager, Ben, to introduce new growth opportunities in the business (such as expanding into exotic bird foods) and help the people who actually manufacture the food. Which of the following job titles does Harry have in this scenario?

Lean Manufacturing

Operation that achieves increased efficiency while also improving effectiveness

Which of the following qualities makes it most likely for an entrepreneur to succeed?

Opportunity obsession

Which of the following qualities makes it most likely for an entrepreneur to succeed? Multiple Choice hypersensitivity power hunger excessive risk taking opportunity obsession cultural apathy

Opportunity obsession

What are the fundamental characteristics of organization structure?

Organic, mechanistic, differentiation, integration.

Differentiation

Organization is composed of many different units that work on different tasks

Functional: Each function, Specialized training, Functional integration, Stable environment Divisional: All functions, Wide variety, Managers not specialists, Unstable environment Matrix: Hybrid form, Collaboration, Two bosses, Consolidate costs

Organizational Structures

Two things can happen with Span of control

Over control and not able to maintain control over subordinates

satisficing

Pat has to select the right paper clips to purchase for her office. She looks at the office supply catalog and picks the first one that is priced reasonably. Which method of making a decision does she use?

_____ suggests that leaders should use a directive leadership style with subordinates who are highly authoritarian because such people respect decisiveness.

Path-goal theory

True

People should pursue goals that do not conflict with their personal values.

Legitimacy

People's judgment of a company's acceptance, appropriateness, and desirability, generally stemming from company goals and methods that are consistent with societal values.

legitimacy

People's judgment of a company's acceptance, appropriateness, and desirability, generally stemming from company goals and methods that are consistent with societal values.

Authority resides in

Positions and not people

True

Positive reinforcement involves applying a consequence that increases the likelihood that the person will repeat the behavior that led to it.

If chairman is CEO then...

President is second in command

Business incubators

Protected environment for new, small businesses

business incubators

Protected environments for new small businesses.

business incubators

Protected environments for new, small businesses

Define goal Select person Solicit views Give authority Schedule checkpoints Follow through

Put the six steps of effective delegation in sequential order.

economic dislocations

Quad Inc, a car manufacturer, has started to sell electric cars in response to the rising fuel prices. In what category did Quad Inc spot an opportunity?

reward

Reese has been working hard to achieve her performance goals. She received a positive performance review and a big pay raise from her manager. This illustrates her manager's ______ power.

side street effect

Refers to the appearance of unexpected opportunities as one follows a plan

Coordination

Related to integration, procedures that link the various parts of the organization to achieve the overall mission

Who said, "The leader's job is to create a vision"

Robert L. Swiggett

Initial Public Offering

Sale to the public, for the first time, of federally registered and underwritten shares of stock in the company

initial public offering (IPO)

Sale to the public, for the first time, of federally registered and underwritten shares of stock in the company.

Initial public offering

Sales to the public, for the first time, of federally registered and underwritten shares of stock in the company

Step 5 in ED

Schedule checkpoints for reviewing progress

motivation to excel

Sean worked in a hospital for several years before starting a medical equipment company. He has a clear vision of the result he is working to get. Moreover, he is aware of his strengths and weaknesses, and always sets realistic goals. In this case, what characteristic of successful entrepreneurs does Sean possess?

Step 2 in effective delegation

Select the person for the task

Basic technology of processing

Small batch and large batch

_____ is a competitive advantage in the form of relationships with other people and the image other people have of an entrepreneur. Multiple Choice Social capital Community standing Legitimacy Quality of life Opportunity analysis

Social capital

Step 3 in effective delegatiion

Solicit the subordinate's views about suggested approach

What are the important mechanisms used to coordinate work?

Standardization, planning, mutual adjustment.

Board of directors are elected by

Stockholders

Owners of corporations are

Stockholders

How can organizations improve their agility?

Strategy, commitment to customers, technology.

Just in time operation

Subassemblies and components in very small lots and delivered to next stage of production

Departmentalization

Subdividing an organization into smaller subunits

Departmentalization

Subdividing an organization into smaller subunits.

factors in the workplace that can provide the same influence on people as leaders otherwise would have.

Substitutes for leadership refer to

True

Successful leaders enlist the team in scoring collective quick wins that result from working together toward a shared vision.

guidance, support, and corrective feedback for day-to-day activities.

Supervisory leadership is behavior that provides:

Planning

Synthesis Inc. management periodically reviews the goals of the company. During the process, the managers of the company analyze their current strategies as compared to their competitors' strategies, determine goals that they will pursue, and decide upon specific actions for each area of the company to take in pursuit of these goals. With these actions, which of the following management functions are the managers engaged in Synthesis Inc.?

Modular network

TEMPORARY arrangements among partners that can be assembled and reassembled to ADAPT to the environment Also called VIRTUAL network

A person or team can develop a vision for any job, work unit, or organization. (TRUE/FALSE)

TRUE

Academic research shows that a clear vision and communication of that vision lead to higher venture growth in entrepreneurial firms. (TRUE/FALSE)

TRUE

According to the trait approach to leadership, some personality characteristics do distinguish effective leaders from other people.

TRUE

If a company learns from successes based on trial and error, a vision emerges. (TRUE/FALSE)

TRUE

Leaders serve people best by helping them develop their own initiative and good judgment, enabling them to grow, and helping them become better contributors.

TRUE

Many people who do not develop into strong leaders, do not develop a clear vision -- instead they focus on performing or surviving on a day-to-day basis. (TRUE/FALSE)

TRUE

Organizations succeed or fail not only because of how well they are led but because of how well followers follow. (TRUE/FALSE)

TRUE

Some visions are accidental; a company may stumble into an opportunity, and the leader may get credit for foresight. (TRUE/FALSE)

TRUE

Successful leaders enlist the team in scoring collective wins that result from working together toward a shared vision. (TRUE/FALSE)

TRUE

The greater the number of followers, the greater the influence. (TRUE/FALSE)

TRUE

Visions can be small or large and can exist at any organizational level as well as at the very top. (TRUE/FALSE)

TRUE

While managing requires structuring the organization, staffing it with capable people, and monitoring activities; leadership goes beyond these functions by inspiring people to attain the vision. (TRUE/FALSE)

TRUE

In the context of the behavioral approach to leadership, _____ behavior is variously referred to as concern for production, directive leadership, initiating structure, or closeness of supervision.

Task performance

_____ behaviors improve leader job performance and group organizational performance.

Task performance

False

Task performance behavior has a strong positive impact on follower satisfaction and motivation and also on leader effectiveness

Based on the LPC scores Fiedler considers which two leadership styles?

Task-motivated and relationship-motivated

Large Batch

Technologies that produce goods and services in high volume

Large batch

Technologies that produce goods and services in high volume.

Small batches

Technologies that produce goods and services in low volume.

Modular network (virtual corperation)

Temporary arrangements among members that can be assembled and reassembled to meet a changing competitive environment

Modular network

Temporary arrangements among partners that can be assembled and reassembled to adapt to the environment; also called virtual network.

False

The "hostile work environment" standard does not apply to non-gender related cases.

True

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) defines a disability as a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities.

Accountability

The EXPECTATION that employees will PERFORM a job, take corrective action when necessary, and report their performance

Authority

The LEGITIMATE RIGHT to make decisions and to tell other people what to do

Board of Directors President/CEO Staff for Marketing Staff for Retail Locations Staff for Human Resources

The Organizational Chart: Part 1

Board of Directors: Susan, James President/CEO: Colleen Vice President of Marketing: Catherine Vice President of Retail Locations: Daniel Vice President of Human Resources: Cassie Staff for Marketing: Juan Staff for Retail Locations: Myrna Staff for Human Resources: Stanley, Joel

The Organizational Chart: Part 2

Organization Chart

The REPORTING STRUCTURE and division of labor in an organization

______ is a situational approach to leadership that emphasizes how leaders go about making decisions.

The Vroom model

profit and loss statement

The _____ is an itemized financial statement of the income and expenses of a company's operations.

Responsibility

The assignment of a task that an EMPLOYEE is supposed to CARRY OUT

responsibility

The assignment of a task that an employee is supposed to carry out

Responsibility

The assignment of a task that an employee is supposed to carry out.

Division of labor

The assignment of different tasks to different people or groups.

Delegation

The assignment of new or additional responsibilities to a SUBORDINATE

delegation

The assignment of new or additional responsibilities to a subordinate ex: outsourcing

Delegation

The assignment of new or additional responsibilities to a subordinate.

unique

The best visions for an organization are both ideal and _____.

INTEGRATION

The degree to which differentiated work units work together and coordinate their efforts.

Integration

The degree to which differentiated work units work together and coordinate their efforts.

Accountability

The expectation that employees will perform a job, take corrective action when necessary, and report upward on the status and quality of their performance.

planning, organizing, leading, and controlling

The key management functions include:

Authority

The legitimate right to make decisions and to tell other people what to do.

True

The management function of leading includes mobilizing and inspiring people to engage fully in their work and contribute their ideas.

strategy implementation

The narrator describes how someone creates the mission while someone else identifies the steps that make the mission happen. The steps are known as what?

Span of control

The number of SUBORDINATES who report directly to an executive or supervisor.

Layers of hierarchy

The number of layers such as frontline employees, team leaders, supervisors, managers, and leaders in the organization.

span of control.

The number of subordinates who report directly to an executive or supervisor is known as the:

Span of control

The number of subordinates who report directly to an executive or supervisor.

False

The organization chart depicts the geographical locations of the different branches of a business.

Formalization

The presence of RULES and REGULATIONS governing how people in the organization interact.

Formalization

The presence of rules and regulations governing how people in the organization interact.

Coordination

The procedures that LINK the various parts of an organization for the purpose of achieving the organization's overall MISSION.

coordination

The procedures that link the various parts of an organization for the purpose of achieving the organization's overall mission

Coordination

The procedures that link the various parts of an organization to achieve the organization's overall mission.

entrepreneurship

The process by which enterprising individuals initiate, manage, and assume the risks and rewards associated with a business venture.

operational planning

The process of identifying the specific procedures and processes required at lower levels of an organization is known as:

tactical planning

The process of translating broad strategic goals and plans into specific goals and plans relevant to a particular portion of an organization is known as:

Mass Customization

The production of varied, individually customized products at the low cost of standardized, mass-produced products.

Mass customization

The production of varied, individually customized products at the low cost of standardized, mass-produced products.

Mass customization

The production of varied, individually customized products at the low cost of standardized, massproduced products.

organization chart

The reporting structure and division of labor in an organization

Organization chart

The reporting structure and division of labor in an organization.

the Vroom model.

The situational approach to leadership that emphasizes how leaders go about making decisions is called

Technology

The systematic application of scientific knowledge to a new product, process, or service.

entrepreneurial orientation

The tendency of an organization to identify and capitalize successfully on opportunities to launch new ventures by entering new or established markets with new or existing goods or services

entrepreneurial orientation

The tendency of an organization to identify and capitalize successfully on opportunities to launch new ventures by entering new or established markets with new or existing goods or services.

In the context of key planning elements, which of the following is true of what venture capital firms consider important for an entrepreneurial venture?

They believe that what counts is a person's ability to execute an idea.

In the context of key planning elements, which of the following is true of what venture capital firms consider important for an entrepreneurial venture? Multiple Choice They believe that a strong marketing campaign is the best for an entrepreneurial venture. They believe that a good quality product is the best bet for an entrepreneurial venture. They believe that the venture with the highest projected profit is the best. They believe that the greater the strength of a venture, the better it is. They believe that what counts is a person's ability to execute an idea.

They believe that what counts is a person's ability to execute an idea.

According to the trait approach to leadership, which of the following is a characteristic of effective leaders?

They have a high need for power.

What is the role of business incubators?

They provide a protected environment for new and small businesses.

What is the role of business incubators? Multiple Choice They provide new and small businesses with information silos. They protect consumers from fraud. They provide enhanced wellness benefits to employees of large businesses. They provide a protected environment for new and small businesses. They provide opportunities for exponential growth without competition.

They provide a protected environment for new and small businesses.

Human Relations

This approach to management owes much to other major schools of thought. For example, many of the ideas of Gilbreth (scientific management) along with Barnard and Follett (administrative management) influenced its development from 1930 to 1955. In fact, it emerged from a research project that began as a scientific management study. Which classical approach to management has been described here?

universalism

Tia had differences of opinion with her boss, who discriminated against employees based on their ethnicity and social background. In one instance, her boss falsely accused a member of a minority race of fraud. Tia took this concern up to the top management, as she believed all members of the organization should uphold some values for it to function well. Which of the following ethical systems was Tia following?

False

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 protects women against sexual harassment but not men.

autocratically

To be effective in cultures that exhibit a greater power distance, managers often must behave

SMART

To be effective, goals need to meet five specific characteristics which may be remembered with the acronym

True

To be effective, goals should be measurable, specific, attainable, relevant, and time-bound.

What is the function of a business plan?

To ensure the success of the business

Authority is not always position dependent

True

Executives believe fewer layers (flatened) create a more efficient, and cost-effective organization

True

Large organizations are usually less organic and more beauracratic

True

False

True leadership involves dealing with the ongoing, day-to-day complexities of organizations.

false

True/False: An entrepreneur in not a manager but engages in additional activities that all managers do

Coordination by mutual adjustment

Unites interact which one another to make accommodations in order to achieve flexible coordination.

coordination by mutual adjustment

Units interact with one another to make accommodations to achieve flexible coordination.

Line departments

Units that DEAL DIRECTLY with the organization's primary goods and services

Staff departments

Units that SUPPORT LINE departments Note: staff have NO "command and control" over line managers.

line departments

Units that deal directly with the organization's primary goods and services

Line departments

Units that deal directly with the organization's primary goods and services.

Staff departments

Units that support line departments.

Staff departments

Units that support line departments. Research, legal, accounting, public relations, Human Resources department

According to Kouzes and Posner, which of the following actions is taken by the best leaders?

Various

False

Visions are always large and exist only at higher organizational levels.

The _____ model of leadership uses the basic situational approach of assessing the situation before determining the best leadership style.

Vroom

a situational model that focuses on the participative dimension of leadership; follows tannenbaum and schmidt; how leaders make decisions; uses the basic situational approach of assessing the situation before determining the best leadership style

Vroom Model

Four other models of situational leadership

Vroom model, fiedler's contingency model, hersey and blanchard's situational theory, and path-goal theory

rewarding risk taking

What does successfully fostering and managing intrapreneurship involve?

Understanding how psychological and social processes interact with the work situation to influence performance.

What was the aim of the human relations approach to management?

Norming

When the club members start bonding over shared goals, they are in which stage of team development?

When do leaders serve people best?

When they can help them develop their own initiative and good judgement, enable them to grow, and help them become better contributors

Intrapreneur

When working for a software company, David created a new venture based solely on his idea while using his company's proprietary technology. David can be described as which of the following?

High involvement organization

Where all levels of of the company know where the company is headed and even employees give feedback. Flat, decentralized structure.

The process of working with people and resources to accomplish organizational goals.

Which of the following best describes management?

unaffected by strong emotion or prejudice

Which of the following is a characteristic of transactional leadership?

having positive self-regard

Which of the following is a characteristic of transformational leadership?

Managers who share subordinates may jockey for power

Which of the following is a disadvantage of a matrix organization?

anticipating the future

Which of the following is a planning activity?

the behavioral approach

Which of the following is a traditional approach to studying leadership?

Leaders are born, not made.

Which of the following is an assumption of the trait approach to studying leadership?

offering flexible work schedules and arrangements

Which of the following is an effective practice in cultivating a diverse workforce within an organization?

Over relying on a single large project

Which of the following is the most dangerous risk in intrapreneurship?

People want leaders to help them achieve their goals.

Which of the following is true of the functions of a leader?

He concluded that management decisions were unsystematic and that no research to determine the best means of production existed.

Which of the following led Frederick Taylor to introduce an approach to management known as scientific management?

Do you think your superior trusts you?

Which of the following questions can be used to identify one's boss's level of group maintenance leadership?

performing budgetary operations

Which of the following stages of budgetary control involves dealing with identifying what is being accomplished and comparing the results with expectancies?

The best managers and companies deliver all five competitive advantages.

Which of the following statements about the sources of competitive advantage is true?

Democratic style results in positive attitudes

Which of the following statements is true regarding various decision styles?

How did Fiedler measure leadership style?

With an instrument assessing the leader's least preferred co-worker (LPC)

Legitimate Power

Your supervisor asks you to work an extra shift and you comply

Horse trading

Yvette, a manager, decides to offer her support to Jonny, one of her subordinates, on a new project in exchange for a share of the payoffs. In the context of entrepreneurship, this practice is known as which of the following?

Standards

_____ are targets that establish desired performance levels, motivate performance, and serve as benchmarks against which to assess actual performance.

conflict

_____ is a normal part of life in organizations.

Strategic

_____ leadership gives purpose and meaning to organizations by anticipating and envisioning a viable future for the organization and working with others to initiate changes that create such a future.

Lateral

_____ leadership is about creating better interpersonal processes for finding solutions.

Supervisory

_____ leadership is behavior that provides guidance, support, and corrective feedback for day-to-day activities.

Job Enrichment

_____ means that jobs are restructured or redesigned by adding higher levels of responsibility.

Control

_____ provides managers with continuous feedback so that when plans are not carried out properly, managers can take steps to correct the problem.

Autocratic leadership

_____ refers to a form of leadership in which the leader makes decisions on his or her own and then announces those decisions to the group

Expectancy Theory

_____ suggests that managers should make performance instrumental toward positive outcomes.

Instrumentality

______ is the link between expectancy and performance in expectancy theory.

Organizing

_______ is assembling and coordinating the human, financial, physical, informational, and other resources needed to achieve goals.

entrepreneurship

___occurs when an enterprising individual pursues a lucrative opportunity

discounting the future

a bias weighting short-term costs and benefits more heavily than longer-term costs and benefits

small business

a business having 500 or fewer employees, $7.5 million in average annual revenue, independently owned and operated, not dominant in its field, and not characterized by many innovated practices

small business

a business having fewer than 100 employees, independently owned and operated, not dominant in its field, and not characterized by many innovative practices

small business

a business having fewer than 100 employees, independently owned and operated, not dominant in the field, and not characterized by many innovative practices is an...

true

a business is legitimate if its goals and methods are consistent with societal values

false

a business plan would best be described as the initial rough sketch of an idea for starting a new venture

What is lacking when the focus becomes how to survive day to day?

a clear vision

Network organization

a collection of idependent, mostly single-function firms that collaborate on a good or service

network organization

a collection of independent, mostly single-function firms that collaborate on a good or service

Level 5 leadership

a combination of strong professional will (determination) and humility that builds enduring greatness.

social capital

a competitive advantage from relationships with other people and the image other people have of the entrepreneur is known as...

social capital

a competitive advantage from relationships with other people and the image other people have of you

Group Displacement

a condition that occurs when a decision-making group loses sight of its original goal and a new, less important goal emerges

framing effects

a decision bias influenced by the way in which a problem or decision alternative is phrased or presented

maximizing

a decision realizing the best possible outcome

creation of a long term relationship with non beneficial banking institutions

a disadvantage of going public is the...

Wide spans of control

a flat organization with fewer reporting levels

MECHANISTIC organization

a form of organization that seeks to maximize internal efficiency

Mechanistic organization

a form of organization that seeks to maximize internal efficiency

mechanistic organization

a form of organization that seeks to maximize internal efficiency

business plan

a formal planning step that focuses on an entire venture and describes all the elements involved in starting it

Strategic Alliance

a formal relationship created amond independent organizations with the purpose of joint pursuit of mutual goals

true

a franchisor is an innovator who has created at least one successful store and seeks partners to operate the same concept in other local markets

true

a great idea is one of the essential ingredients in a successful entrepreneurial venture

Intergroup Leaders

a leader who leads collaborative performance between groups or organizations.

Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Theory

entrepreneurial venture

a new business having growth an high profitability as primary objectives is an..

entrepreneur venture

a new business having growth and high profitability as primary objectives

entrepreneurial venture

a new business having growth and high profitability as primary objectives

high innovation/high risk

a novel product idea that involves a large financial investment would be categorized as involving...

Broker

a person who assembles and coordinates participants in a network

Charismatic Leadership **Read p. 398 in book

a person who is dominant, self-confident, convinced of the moral righteousness of his or her beliefs, and able to arouse a sense of excitement and adventure in followers.

groupthink

a phenomenon that occurs in decision making when group members avoid disagreement as they strive for consensus

Specialization

a process in which different individuals and units perform different task

brainstorming

a process in which group members generate as many ideas about a problem as they can; criticism is withheld until all ideas have been proposed

Continuous Process

a process that is highly automated and has a continuous production flow

Continuous process

a process that is highly automated and has a continuous production flow

upper left quadrant

a product that represents a novel idea requiring little financial investment would be displayed in the ___ of the entrepreneurial strategy matrix

Skunkworks

a project team designated to produce a new, innovative product

skunkworks

a project team designated to produce a new, innovative product

feel they would lose control

a reason why many entrepreneurs prefer to avoid going public is that they...

Orlando works as a technician for a large manufacturer of biomedical equipment. Orlando has discovered a way to produce disposable products in large quantities that will be useful in research facilities. His employer has given Orlando and a selected team of researchers the resources to develop this idea. This project is referred to as:

a skunkwork

false

a small business is typically defined as having fewer than 20 employees and characterized by many innovations

Modular Organization

a small core organization that outsources its major business functions in order to concentrate on what it does best

unity of command principle

a structure in which each worker reports to one boss, who in turn reports to one boss

Authentic Leadership

a style in which the leader is true to himself or herself while leading. -strive for authenticity in the form of honesty, genuineness, reliability, integrity, and trustworthiness.

Just-in-Time(JIT)

a system that calls for subassemblies and components to be manufactured in very small lots and delivered to the next stage of the production process just as they are needed

Narrow spans of control

a tall organization with many reporting levels

Responsibility

a task that an employee is supposed to carry out

In the context of leadership, which of the following is true of vision?

ability to influence others.

Which of the following is a benefit of business incubators?

access to shared services

someone outside the family and the business

according to Peter Drucker, who should help plan succession for a family managed business?

great ideas

according to many entrepreneurs and observers, when creating a new business, one should start with...

optimizing

achieving the best possible balance among several goals

Matrix Departmentalization Advantages

allows companies to effciently manage large, complex tasks gives much more diverse set of expertise and experience

Product Departmentalization Advantages

allows people to specialize in one area of expertise makes it easier to assess performance makes decision making faster

Functional Departmentalization Advantages

allows work done by highly qualified specialist lower costs be reducing duplication makes communitcation and coordination easier

horsetrading

amelie decides to offer one of her subordinates, jason, his pick of tasks on a new project in exchange for his vocal support of it at an upcoming meeting. in this case, amelia is...

Which of the following entrepreneurial ventures is an example of low innovation and high risk? Multiple Choice the first old age home in a region with a predominantly aging population a business selling a vaccine to combat malaria the only tax preparation service in town an American restaurant serving burgers and fries a business selling an automobile with new technology

an American restaurant serving burgers and fries

TQM (Total Quality Management)

an approach to quality improvement that calls for everyone within an organization to take responsibility for improving quality and emphasizes the need for a long-term commitment to continuous improvement

Differentiation

an aspect of the organization's internal environment created by job specialization and the division of labor

Psychological Maturity

an employee's self-confidence and self-respect.

true

an entrepreneurial orientation includes being proactive and competitively aggressive

true

an entrepreneurial venture has growth and high profitability as primary objectives

true

an example of the intermediary model of e-commerce is eBay

entrepreneurs

an individual who establishes a new organization without the benefit of corporate sponsorship

entrepreneur

an individual who establishes a new organization without the benefit of corporate sponsorship is called an...

the franchisor

an innovator who has created at least one successful store and seeks partners to operate the same concept in other local markets

Total quality management (TQM)

an integrative approach to management that supports the attainment of customer satisfaction through a wide variety of tools and techniques that result in high quality goods and services

Lean Manufacturing

an operation that strives to achieve the highest possible productivity and total quality, cost-effectively, by eliminating unnecessary steps in the production process and continually striving for improvement

Centralized organization

an organization in which high level exevutives make most decisions and pass them down to lower levels for implementation

Decentralized organization

an organization in which lower-level managers make important decisions

High-Involvement organization

an organization in which top management ensures that there is consensus about the direction in which the business is heading

High-involvement organization

an organization in which top management ensures that there is consensus about the direction in which the business is heading

Learning Organization

an organization skilled at creating, acquiring, and transferring knowledge, and at modifying its behavior to reflect new knowledge and insights

Organic Structure

an organizational form that emphasizes flexibility

organic structure

an organizational form that emphasizes flexibility

Matrix Organization

an organzition composed of dual reporting relationships in which some managers report to two superiors- a functional manager and a divisional manager

Good followers are

are capable of independent thinking and at the same time are actively committed to organizational goals

Differentiation

as aspect of the organization's internal environment created by job specialization and the division of labor

side street effect

as you head down a road, unexpected opportunities begin to appear

The most effective developmental experiences have three components:

assessment, challenge, and support

a style in which the leader is true to himself or herself while leading in the form of honesty, genuineness, reliability, integrity and trustworthiness; care about public interest

authentic leadership

In the context of the path-goal theory, _____ is the degree to which individuals respect, admire, and defer to power.

authoritarianism

Three key follower characteristics

authoritarianism: individuals respect, admire, and defer to authority Locus of control: individuals see the environment as responsive to their own behavior Ability: peoples beliefs about their own abilities to do their assigned jobs

The four dimensions of a firm's vertical structure

authority, span of control, delegation, and centralization

a form of leadership in which the leader makes decisions on his or her own and then announces those decisions to the group

autocratic leadership

false

bad economic conditions make it especially difficult for an entrepreneurial organization to expand

offer more opportunities to expand

bad economic times can...

organizational agility

based on core capabilities strategic alliances learning organizations participative management/high involvement organization

A leadership perspective that attempts to identify what good leaders do—that is, what behaviors they exhibit, is known as the:

behavior

Supervisory Leadership

behavior that provides guidance, support, and corrective feedback for day-to-day activities

Supervisory Leadership

behavior that provides guidance, support, and corrective feedback for day-to-day activities.

The _____ approach downplays personal characteristics in favor of the actual conduct that leaders exhibit.

behavioral

The _____ approach downplays personal characteristics in favor of the actual conduct that leaders exhibit. A. trait B. behavioral C. strategic D. situational E. shared

behavioral

A leadership perspective that attempts to identify what good leaders do-that is, what behaviors they exhibit, is known as the: A. behavioral approach. B. trait approach. C. transformational leadership. D. strategic approach. E. situational approach.

behavioral approach

______ is a leadership perspective that attempts to identify what good leaders do—that is, what behaviors they exhibit.

behavioral approach

a leadership perspective that attempts to identify what good leaders do, that is what behaviors they exhibit

behavioral approach

a leadership perspective that attempts to identify what good leaders do- that is, what behaviors they exhibit is known as the

behavioral approach

Agility

being able to act fast to meet customer needs and respond to other outside pressures

access to shared services

benefits of business incubators include...

intrapreneurs

best described as new venture creators working inside big companies

Albert works as a technician for a large manufacturer of biomedical equipment. He has discovered a technique to produce composite materials more efficiently. The company encourages its employees to pursue new ideas on company premises. Which of the following does Albert's company support?

bootlegging

Companies should tolerate some _____, and some even encourage it.

bootlegging

Informal efforts, as opposed to official job assignments, in which employees work to create new products and processes of their own choosing and initiative refer to

bootlegging

false

bootlegging refers to creating official job assignments for employees to create new products and processes of their own choosing

intermediary

bringing buyers and sellers together and charging a commission for each sale is known as the __ model

A(n) _____ describes all the elements involved in starting a new venture.

business plan

In the context of entrepreneurship, a(n) _____ focuses on an entire venture and describes all the elements involved in starting it. Multiple Choice initial public offering business plan tax invoice balance sheet income statement

business plan

Valeria has been planning to open a child care center and has been asked by the small business center to create a document that includes the market, strategies, and future directions. This document is called a(n)

business plan

Functions of a Leader

challenge the process inspire a shared vision enable others to act model the way encourage the heart

tranaction fee model

charging fees for goods and services

advertising support model

charging fees to advertise on a site

Advertising Support Model

charging fees to advertise on site

intermediary model

charging fees to bring buyers and sellers together

affiliate model

charging fees to direct site visitors to other companies' on site

affiliate model

charging fees to direct site visitors to other companies' sites

"packs an emotional wallop for followers above and beyond ordinary esteem, affection, admiration and trust..... idolized hero, messiah and a savior"

charisma

A leader with _____ power has control over punishments; people comply to avoid those punishments.

coercive

has control over punishments; people comply to avoid those punishments

coercive power

Research indicates that substitutes for leadership may be better predictors of __________________ than of performance

commitment and satisfaction

Charisma has been shown to improve...

corporate financial performance, particularly under conditions of uncertainty

Disadvantages

cross-department coordination can be difficult may lead to slower decision making

Advantages of Matrix Design

cross-functional problem solving leads to better informed and more creative decisions decision making is decentralized extensice communications networks help process large amounts of information higher management levels are not overloaded with operational decisions resources utilzation is efficient

Traits of an organic organization

cross-functional teams cross-hierarchial team free flow of control decentraliztion low formalization

These three questions create __________ in which a situation is classified into one of eight categories

decision trees

_____ leadership seeks information, opinions, and preferences, sometimes to the point of meeting with the group, leading discussions, and using consensus or majority vote to make the final choice.

democratic

______ leadership seeks information, opinions, and preferences, sometimes to the point of meeting with the group leading discussions and using consensus or majority vote to make the final choice

democratic

a form of leadership in which the leader solicits input from subordinates

democratic leadership

_____ are not always the most appropriate.

democratic styles

Functional organization

departmentalization around specialized activities such as production, marketing and human resources

Divisional organization

departmentalization that groups untis around products, customers or geographic regions

Advantages of Decentralization

develops employee capabilities faster decision makin more satisfied employees and customers better emlployee performance

Effective leaders rely on _____ style(s) of leadership.

different

Four leadership styles in this theory?

directive leadership supportive leadership participative leadership achievement-oriented leadership

Organizations that understand the need for _____ will have a competitive advantage in the modern business environment.

diverse leadership

Charismatic Leader

dominant and exceptionally self-confident and they have a strong conviction in the moral righteousness of their beliefs

in the context of the trait approach to leadership _____ refers to a set of characteristics that reflect a high level of effort including high need for achievement constant striving for improvement, ambition, energy, tenacity, and initiative.

drive

reflect high level of effort; high need to achievement, constant striving for improvement, ambition, energy

drive

important characteristics that leaders should have

drive leadership motivation integrity self-confidence knowledge of the business

Product Departmentalization Disadvantages

duplication coordination across different product departments

Geographic Departmentalization Disadvantages

duplication of resources difficult to coordinate departments

Customer Departmentalization Disadvantage

duplication of resources workers might please customer but hurt business

Advantages of Functional Organization

economies of scale can be realized monitoring of the environment is more effective performance standards are better maintained greater opportunity for specialized training and in-depth skill development technical specialist are relatively free of administrative work decision making and lines of communication are simple and clrearly understood

The tendency of an organization to identify and capitalize successfully on opportunities to launch new ventures by entering new or established markets with new or existing good or services is known as:

entrepreneurial orientation.

A(n) _____ is a new business having growth and high profitability as primary objectives.

entrepreneurial venture

_____ use networks of contacts more than formal authority.

entrepreneurs

false

entrepreneurs are best characterized as gamblers in their approach to risk

true

entrepreneurs are frequently challenged by an aversion to record keeping

true

entrepreneurs spot, create, and exploit opportunities in a variety of ways

dislike the bureaucracy in corporate life

entrepreneurs start their own firms because they...

false

entrepreneurs with plenty of business experience tend to overlook the risk factor involved in starting a new business

false

entrepreneurs' primary motivation to start their own firms is most often to get rich quickly

formal control systems

entrepreneurs, in part because they are very busy, often fail to use...

Gerard realizes that the availability of appliances with embedded computer chips is low in the market. Hence, he uses this lucrative opportunity and sets up a store that sells appliances with embedded computer chips exclusively. Which of the following is Gerard engaging in? Multiple Choice partnership brokerage contracting entrepreneurship bootlegging

entrepreneurship

true

entrepreneurship occurs when an enterprising individual pursues a lucrative opportunity

Standardization

establishing common routines and procedures that apply uniformly to everyone

The ability to lead effectively sets the _____ apart from the average ones.

excellent managers

in the context of the trait approach to leadership, the correspondence between actions and words is known as

expectancy

In the context of the trait approach to leadership, the correspondence between actions and words is known as:

expectancy.

has certain expertise and knowledge; people comply because they believe in, can learn from, or can otherwise gain from this expertise

expert power

An entrepreneur is not a manager but engages in additional activities that all managers do.

false

Leaders act alone. true or false

false

Research shows that a clear vision and communication of that vision lead to lower venture growth in entrepreneurial firms true or false

false

TF effective leaders rely on one leadership style

false

TF effective managers are necessarily true leaders

false

TF task performance behavior has a strong positive impact on follower satisfaction and motivation and also on leader effectiveness

false

Visions are always large and exist only at higher organizational levels.

false

transformational leadership is exclusive domain of presidents and chief executives true or false

false

Which model brought a focus on the significance of finding a fit between a situation and a leader's style?

fielders contingency model

In order for family-managed businesses to survive and prosper, management guru Peter Drucker advised them to

fill at least one key position with a nonfamily member.

wide span of control

flat organization

Customer Departmentalization Advantages

focuses organization on customer needs allows companies to specialize product and services to customer needs

The difference between the transaction fee and intermediary models of e-commerce is that the transaction fee model charges a fee Multiple Choice to advertise on a website while the intermediary model charges a fee to bring buyers and sellers together. for goods and services while the intermediary model charges a fee to bring buyers and sellers together. to bring buyers and sellers together while the intermediary model charges a fee to advertise on a website. to advertise on a website while the intermediary model charges a fee to direct website visitors to other companies' websites. for goods and services while the intermediary model charges a fee to direct website visitors to other companies' websites.

for goods and services while the intermediary model charges a fee to bring buyers and sellers together.

The difference between the transaction fee and intermediary models of e-commerce is that the transaction fee model charges a fee:

for goods and services while the intermediary model charges a fee to bring buyers and sellers together.

Tannenbaum and Schmidt think you should consider what three factors before you lead?

forces in the manager, forces in the subordinate, and forces in the situation

true

franchising is an entrepreneurial alliance between two organizations

A(n) _____ is an innovator who has created at least one successful store and seeks partners to operate the same concept in other local markets.

franchisor

Four basic forms of horizontal structures

functional, divisional, matrix, network

There is a myth that entrepreneurs are essentially

gamblers

conduct an opportunity analysis

generally, the first formal planning step is to...

tolerance of risk and uncertainty

generally, what characteristic contributes to entrepreneurs' success

Use the information given below to answer the questions that follow. Three managers of a company list the behaviors that have led them to success: Natalie expects a lot from her staff. She sets high goals for them. Hence, they need to work hard. She also expects high quality output. Tiffany works toward maintaining good relationships with each employee. She regularly praises them and seeks ways to help them solve problems and reduce stress. She has been told she is easy to talk to. Abby solicits input from her employees on certain decisions and tries to incorporate them. Sometimes, she even meets her entire team and tries to reach a consensus. In the context of Scenario B, Tiffany favors a(n) _____ style of leadership.

group maintenance

_____ behavior includes a focus on people's feelings and comfort, appreciation of them, and stress reduction.

group maintenance

in exhibiting _____ behaviors, leaders take action to ensure the satisfaction of team members develop and maintain harmonious work relationships and preserve the teams social stability

group maintenance

actions take to ensure the satisfaction of group members, develop and maintain harmonious work relationships, and preserve the social stability of the group; focus on people's feelings and comfort, appreciation of them and stress reduction

group maintenance behaviors

Supervisory leadership is behavior that provides:

guidance, support, and corrective

supervisory leadership is behavior that provides:

guidance, support, and corrective feedback for day to day activities

What are some developmental experiences you can seek to become a leader?

hardships, assignments, other people, and other events

Legitimacy in the minds of the public increases the probability of success of a new business by Multiple Choice eliminating any risk from the business plan. reducing the number of resources necessary to start the firm such as office space, loans, and supplies. helping to revise the rules and expectations of society. helping a firm acquire other resources such as top managers, good employees, and government support. weakening the competition and its ability to operate in the future.

helping a firm acquire other resources such as top managers, good employees, and government support.

Geographic Departmentalization Advantages

helps companies respond to different markets reduces costs by locating unique resources closer to customers

In the context of the entrepreneurial strategy matrix, a novel product idea that involves a large financial investment would be described as

high innovation/high risk

Traits of a mechanistic organization

high specialization rigid departmentalization clear chain of command narrow spans of control centralization high formalization

Transformational leaders generate excitement in all of the following ways except

highlighting problems

Transformational leaders generate excitement in all of the following ways except

highlighting problems.

horse trading

building support for an intrapreneurial idea

horse trading, making cheerleaders, getting the blessing, and clearing the investment are the steps in..

If a vision conveys an ______, it communicates a standard of excellence and a clear choice of positive values

ideal

ready-made solutions

ideas that have been seen or tried before

true

in e-commerce, the advertising support model involves advertisers paying for access to the demographic group that visits the operator's site

fill at least one key position with a non family member

in order for family-managed businesses to survive and prosper, management guru Peter Drucker advises them to...

false

in the subscription model for e-commerce, fees are charged to bring buyers and sellers together

opportunity analysis

includes a description of the good or service, an assessment of the opportunity, an assessment of the entrepreneur, a specification of activities and resources needed to translate the idea into a viable business, and the individual's source of capital

Employee empowerment

increasing the decision-making authority of employees

The performance and maintenance dimensions of leadership are _________ of each other

independent

bootlegging

informal work on projects, other than those officially assigned, of employees' own choosing and initiative

Montgomery Donuts has made the decision to sell shares of stock publicly. This is called

initial public offering

The sale to the public, for the first time, of federally registered and underwritten shares of stock in a company is called a(n) Multiple Choice futures exchange. commodity exchange. add-on sale. trade sale. initial public offering.

initial public offering.

The sale to the public, for the first time, of federally registered and underwritten shares of stock in the company is called a(n):

initial public offering.

true

initial public stock offerings provide a way to raise capital through federally registered and underwritten sales of shares in the company

correspondence between actions and words

integrity

Coordination by plan

interdependent units are required to meet deadlines and objectives that contribute to a common goal

coordination by plan

interdependent units are required to meet deadlines and objectives that contribute to a common goal

Polo Corp. brings buyers and sellers together and charges a commission for each sale. This type of business model is known as the

intermediary model

_____ create new independent businesses with the benefit of corporate support.

intrapreneurs

Organizations that encourage _____ face an obvious risk: the effort can fail.

intrapreneurship

Efficient

is found in the wide spaces between steps

in the context of leadership, which of the following is true of vision?

it expresses the leader's ambitions for the organization

Charisma is a rather elusive concept because

it is easy to spot but hard to define

according to hersey and blanchards situational theory______ is the level of the followers skills and technical knowledge relative to the task being performed

job maturity

the level of the employees skills and technical knowledge relative to the task being performed

job maturity

Bruce's boss makes no managerial decisions but asks his employees to take the necessary steps in all aspects of work. Which of the following decision styles does Bruce's boss follow?

laissez-faire

a leadership in which the leader solicits input from subordinates

laissez-faire

rob though a lively person, is a poor performer at work. his boss makes no managerial decisions but asks his employees to take necessary steps in all aspects of work. which of the following decision styles does robs boss follow?

laissez-faire

rob

laizerre faire

false

large corporations are merely passive bystanders in the entrepreneurial explosion

style in which colleagues at the same hierarchical level are invited to collaborate and facilitate joint problem solving; you can help create a endless stream of innovation

lateral leadership

What happens in situation 8?

leader has little control, relations are poor, tasks lack structure, and leader's power is weak

which of the following highlights the importance of leader behaviors, not just toward the group as a whole but toward individuals on a personal basis?

leader member exchange

Task Performance Behaviors

leader's efforts to ensure that the work unit or organization reaches its goals. -concern for production, directive leadership, initiating structure, or closeness of supervision.

highlights the importance of leader behaviors not just toward the group as a whole but toward individuals on a personal basis

leader-member exchange (LMX) theory

Transformational Leadership

leaders get people to transcend their personal interests for the sake of the larger community

Group Maintenance Behavior

leaders take action to ensure the satisfaction of group members, develop and maintain harmonious work relationships, and preserve the group's social stability

Group Maintenance Behaviors

leaders take action to ensure the satisfaction of group members, develop and maintain harmonious work relationships, and preserve the social stability of the group.

Transactional Leaders

leaders who manage through transactions, using their legitimate, reward, and coercive powers to give commands and exchange rewards for services rendered.

one who influences others to attain goals, combine good strategic substance and effective interpersonal processes to formulate and implement strategies that produce results and sustainable competitive advantage

leadership

want to lead, helps if they are introverts because they have great strengths that can contribute to effective leadership and extroversion can backfire.

leadership motivation

Situational Approach

leadership prospective proposing that universally important traits and behaviors do not exist and that effective leadership behavior varies from situation to situation. -the leader should first analyze the situation then make a decision.

franchisee

leah is interested in running a business and decides to open a branch of a successful fashion store that her sister owns in another town. in this case, leah could be best described as...

People's judgment of a company's acceptance, appropriateness, and desirability, generally stemming from company goals and methods that are consistent with societal values is known as:

legitimacy

A leader with _____ power has the right, or the authority, to tell others what to do.

legitimate

has the right, or authority, to tell others what to do

legitimate power

For low-maturity followers, performance leadership is ______ important and maintenance behaviors become more ______

less, more important

Advantages of Delegation

leverages managers' energy and talent conserves managers' mos valuable asset: time Develops subordinates' managerial skills and knowledge Promotes subordinates sense of importance and commitment

Which of the following highlights the importance of leader behaviors, not just toward the group as a whole, but toward individuals on a personal basis?

lmx

In the context of the path-goal theory, _____ is the extent to which individuals see events as being under their influence.

locus of control

Modular Organization Disadvantages

loss of control noncore activities that are outsourced may become source of advantage suppliers to whom work is outsourced can become competitors

Orson Inc., an entrepreneurial venture, does not have any distinctive services when compared with the well-established competitors in the same field, and the business will require a sizable investment. In which quadrant of the entrepreneurial strategy matrix will the venture be placed?

low innovation/high risk

Most small business ventures are located in the _____ quadrant of the entrepreneurial strategy matrix.

lower right

The _________ the category number, the more favorable the situation is for the leader; the ________ the number, the less favorable the situation

lower, higher

true

magazines and newspapers that are available online frequently use an affiliate model for e-commerce

according to the LMX theory, _______________ behaviors such as trust, open communication, mutual respect and obligation, mutual loyalty form the _____________

maintenance cornerstone of relationships that are satisfying and perhaps more productive

When a leader is high on performance-oriented behaviors, he or should should also be _________

maintenance oreinted

in exhibiting _____ behaviors, leaders take action to ensure the satisfaction of team members, develop and maintain harmonious work relationships, and preserve the team's social stability.

maintence

Autocratic Leadership

makes decisions and then announces them to the group

Autocratic Leadership

makes decisions and then announces them to the group.

"Loading the gun," or lining up ammunition in support of one's idea, is a phrase used by managers at General Electric that parallels which stage of building support for an idea?

making cheerleaders

false

many great organizations have been built on the founder's desire to offer a product

An organization that resists entrepreneurial initiative

may lose its ability to adapt when conditions dictate change.

Vision

mental image of a possible and desirable future state of the organization.

A __________ reinforces the important concept of vision

metaphor

Entrepreneurs experience stress, but they also have high job satisfaction. They tend to be

more healthy and less likely to retire than those who work for others.

Under transformational leadership, people view their jobs as ___________________ and _____________

more intrinsically motivating and are more strongly committed to work goals

low innovation/high risk

most small business ventures are in the ____ category of the entrepreneurial strategy matrix

an employee at a company is extremely eager to take up higher positions in the organization. he is an extrovert and tries to influence the decisions made by his boss, he prefers to lead his colleagues father than follow them. according to the trait approach to leadership, which of the following traits does he display?

motivation

skunkworks

nathan works as a materials scientist for a carpet manufacturer. he has developed a material that does not work well in carpeting, but it could have applications in hard flooring or other construction products. nathan has been made the team lead of scientists tasked with determining some marketable uses for the new material. the group could be referred to as...

true

natural disasters can provide opportunities for entrepreneurs

Intrapreneur

new venture creators working inside big companies

intrapreneurs

new venture creators working inside big companies

true

new venture creators working inside big companies are called intrapreneurs

custom-made solutions

new, creative solutions designed specifically for the problem

Trait Approach to Leadership

oldest leadership perspective focuses on individual leaders tries to determine the personal characteristics that great leaders share

true

online travel agents typically use the transaction fee model for e-commerce

Which of the following key planning elements involves a competitive advantage that can be defended and should be focused on customer?

opportunity

Fundamental characteristics of organization structure

organic, mechanistic, differentiation, integration

centralized organization

organization in which most decision-making authority is held by upper-level management

true

organizations that encourage intrapreneurship face the obvious risk that the effort can fail

Even though leaders know what they want, they still have to be able to communicate it to

other people in the organization

Charismatic leaders serve _______ and

others needs and arouses a sense of excitement and adventure

leaders behaviors that managers perform in involving their employees in making decisions; can range from autocratic to democratic

participation in decision making

the ____ theory is concerned with how leaders influence followers perceptions of their work aims and the courses they follow toward attaining the end.

path goal

_____ suggests that leaders should use a directive leadership style with subordinates who are highly authoritarian because such people respect decisiveness.

path goal theory

a theory that concerns how leaders influence subordinates perceptions of their work goals and the paths they follow toward attainment of those goals

path-goal theory

illusion of control

people's belief that they can influence events, even when they have no control over what will happen

legitimacy

people's judgment of a company's acceptance, appropriateness, and desirability, generally stemming from company goals and methods that are consistent with societal values, is known as...

Appropriate leadership is determined by three important environmental factors

people's task, the formal authority system of the organization, and the primary work group

in organizations ______ often means the ability to get things done or accomplish one's goals despite resistance from others

power

n organizations, _____ often means the ability to get things done or accomplish one's goals despite resistance from others.

power

the ability to influence others; central to effective leadership

power

The focus in the original leader-member exchange theory formulation is

primarily on the leader behaviors.

Continuous process

process that is highly automated and has a continuous production flow

Situational Approach

proposes that universally important traits and behaviors don't exist effective leader behaviors vary from situation to situation

true

protected environments for new, small businesses are known as business incubators

Business incubators, often located in industrial parks or abandoned factories, are

protected environments for new, small businesses.

business incubators

protected environments for new, small companies

social capital

provides a lasting source of competitive advantage

leaders who talk about how positive change but allow their self-interest to take precedence over followers needs

pseudotransformational leaders

an employee's self-confidence and self-respect

psychological maturity

Modular Organization Advantages

reduced costs better responsiveness to product and demand changes

A leader with _____ power has personal characteristics that appeal to others.

referent

has personal characteristics that appeal to others; people comply because of admiration, personal liking, a desire for approval or a desire to be like the leader

referent power

bootlegging

refers to informal efforts- as opposed to official job assignments- in which employees work to create new products and processes of their own choosing and initiative

a leader with ______ power has personal characteristics that appeal to others

regerent

in the context of fiedler's contingency model_____ leadership is more likely from high-LPC leaders

relationship model

In the context of Fiedler's contingency model, _____ leadership is more likely from high least preferred coworker (LPC) leaders.

relationship-motivated

leadership that places primary emphasis on maintaining good interpersonal relationships; high LPC scores

relationship-motivated leadership

in the context of the research program conducted at the University of Michigan on the impact of leaders behaviors on job performance, demonstrating trust and confidence, being friendly and considerate, showing appreciation, and keeping people informed is known as _____ behavior

relationship-oriented

demonstrating trust and confidence, being friendly and considerate, showing appreication, keeping people informed

relationship-oriented behaviors

Matrix Departmentalization Disadvantages

requires a high level of duplication confusion and conflict between project bosses requires much more management skill

A leader who has _____ power influences others because he or she controls valued benefits; people comply with the leader's wishes to receive those benefits.

reward

a leader who has _____ power influences others because he or she controls valued benefits; people comply with the leader's wishes to receive those benefits

reward

a leader who has _____ power influences others because he/she controls valued benefits, people comply with the leader's wishes to receive those benefits

reward

influences others because controls valued rewards so people comply with the leader's wishes to receive those rewards

reward power

Successfully fostering and managing intrapreneurship involves:

rewarding risk taking.

In the context of entrepreneurial orientation, which of the following tendencies occurs when an organization is as willing to commit significant resources and perhaps borrow heavily, to venture into the unknown?

risk taking

Shared Leadership

rotating leadership, in which people rotate through the leadership role based on which person has the most relevant skills at a particular time.

Initial Public Offering (IPO)

sale to the public, for the first time, of federally registered and underwritten shared of stock in the company

In the trait approach to leadership, which of the following traits distinguishes effective leaders from other people?

self-confidence

overcome obstacles, make decisions despite uncertainity, instill confidence in others

self-confidence

According to the trait approach to leadership, a(n) _____ leader overcomes obstacles, makes decisions despite uncertainty, and instills assurance in others. A. self-confident B. legitimate C. autocratic D. coercive E. referent

self-confident

a leader who serves others' needs while strengthening the organization; relationship with employees is more like that of serving customers

servant-leader

Leading includes

setting a direction for the firm, inspiring people to achieve the vision, motivate others

rotating leadership, in which people rotate through the leadership role based on which person has the most relevant skills at a particular time; most important when tasks are interdependent, complex and require creativity

shared leadership

The leadership perspective that proposes that universally important traits and behaviors do not exist and that effective leadership behavior varies from circumstance to circumstance is known as the:

situation

Look before you lead is part of what approach to leadership?

situational

The leadership perspective that proposes that universally important traits and behaviors do not exist and that effective leadership behavior varies from circumstance to circumstance is known as the:

situational approach

The leadership perspective that proposes that universally important traits and behaviors do not exist and that effective leadership behavior varies from circumstance to circumstance is known as the: A. situational approach. B. behavioral approach. C. trait approach. D. directive approach. E. charismatic approach.

situational approach

leadership perspective proposing that universally important traits and behaviors do not exist and that effective leadership behavior varies from situation to situation

situational approach

According to the proponents of the _____, universally important traits and behaviors do not exist.

situational approach to leadership

the leadership perspective that proposes that universally important traits and behaviors do not exist and that effective leadership behavior varies from circumstance to circumstance is known as the:

situational model

Vroom Model

situational model that focuses on the participative dimension of leadership.

In the _____ approach to corporate innovation, risk takers are not punished for taking risks and failing—their former jobs are held for them. Multiple Choice job sharing skunk works bootlegging spinoff horse trading

skunk works

In the _____ approach to corporate innovation, risk takers are not punished for taking risks and failing—their former jobs are held for them.

skunkwork

true

skunkworks are project teams designated to produce new, innovative products

_____ is a competitive advantage in the form of relationships with other people and the image other people have of an entrepreneur.

social capital

true

social capital is a competitive advantage in the form of relationships with other people and the image other people have of you

A competitive advantage in the form of relationships with other people and the image other people have of an entrepreneur is known as:

social capital.

Democratic Leadership

solicits input from others

Democratic Leadership

solicits input from others.

Mechanisms to coordinate work

standardization, planning, mutual adjustment

false

start ups have at least two major liabilities: completeness and effectiveness

behavior that gives purpose and meaning to organizations, envisioning and creating a positive future

strategic leadership

involves anticipating and envisioning a viable future for the organization and working with others to initiate changes that create such a future

strategic leadership

How organizations can improve their agility

strategy, commitment to customers, technology

Lateral Leadership

style in which colleagues at the same hierarchical level are invited to collaborate and facilitate joint problem solving.

Departmentalization

subdividing an organization into smaller subunits

factors in the workplace that can exert the same influence on employees as leaders would provide; certain follower, task and organizational factors are substitutes

substitues for leadership

adequate succession planning

success of entrepreneurial ventures is often jeopardized by the death of the founder. what is an important measure to minimize this problem?

Transformational leaders strive for ______ rather than merely try to avoid ______

success, failure

true

successful entrepreneurs are innovators and also have good knowledge and skills in management, business, and networking

true

successful entrepreneurs often exhibit creativity, self-reliance, and the ability to adapt

rewarding risk taking

successfully fostering and managing intrapreneurship involves...

behavior that provides guidance, support, and corrective feedback for day-to-day activites

supervisory leadership

narrow span of control

tall organization

In the context of a research program conducted at the University of Michigan, planning, scheduling, coordinating, providing resources, and setting performance goals is known as _____ behavior.

task oriented

in the context of a research program conducted at the university of Michigan, planning, scheduling, coordinating, providing resources, and setting performance goals is known as ____ behavior

task oriented

In the context of the research program conducted at the University of Michigan on the impact of leaders' behavior on job performance, demonstrating trust and confidence, being friendly and considerate, showing appreciation, and keeping people informed is known as _____ behavior.

task orienttion

According to the behavioral approach to studying leadership, the _____ behavior includes a focus on work speed, quality and accuracy, quantity of output, and following the rules.

task performance

_____ behaviors improve leader job performance and group organizational performance.

task performance

Actions taken to ensure that a work group or organization reaches its goals are known as: A. task performance behaviors. B. organizational structures. C. group maintenance behaviors. D. situational approaches. E. decision styles.

task performance behaviors

_________ are actions taken to ensure that a work group or organization reaches its goals.

task performance behaviors

actions taken to ensure that the work group or organization reaches its goals are known as

task performance behaviors

actions taken to ensure that the work group or organization reaches its goals; includes a focus on work speed, quality, accuracy, quantity of output or following the rules. Often referred to as concern for production, directive leadership, initiating structure, or closeness of supervision

task performance behaviors

Actions taken to ensure that the work group or organization reaches its goals are known as:

task-

In the context of Fiedler's contingency model, _____ leadership is more likely exhibited by leaders with low least preferred coworker (LPC) scores.

task-motivated

leadership that places primary emphasis on completing a task; low LPC scores

task-motivated leadership

In the context of a research program that was conducted at the University of Michigan, planning, scheduling, coordinating, providing resources, and setting performance goals is known as _____ behavior.

task-oriented

Effective leaders exhibit the following behaviors

task-oriented and relationship-oriented

planning, scheduling, coordinating, providing resources, and setting performance goals

task-oriented behaviors

Small Batch

technolgies that produce goods and services in low volume

Large Batch

technologies that produce goods and services in high volume

Large batch

technologies that produce goods and services in high volume

Small Batch

technologies that produce goods and services in low volume

Small batch

technologies that produce goods and services in low volume

Modular network

temporary arrangements among partners that can be assembled and reassembled to adapt to the environment

modular network

temporary arrangements among partners that can be assembled and reassembled to adapt to the environment; also called virtual network

subscription

the Draconian Times requires regular viewers of its online articles to pay a monthly fee to maintain uninterrupted access to its content. this is an example of the ___ model

Power

the ability to influence others

the personal skill that is most important?

the ability to perceive the needs and goals of others and to adjust ones personal leadership approach accordingly

the side effect refers to:

the appearance of unexpected opportunities as one follows a plan.

Division of labor

the assignment of different parts of a manufacturing process or task to different people in order to improve efficiency.

Division of labor

the assignment of different tasks to different people or groups

division of labor

the assignment of different tasks to different people or groups

Delegation

the assingment of new or additional responsibilities to a subordinate

true

the best business plans convey five key factors: the people, the opportunity, the competition, the context, and risk and reward

Unity of Command

the concept that a person should have one boss and should report only to that person

Chain of command

the continuous line of authority that extends from upper levels of an organizatiion to the lowest leels of the organization-clarifies who reports to whom

Centralization

the degree to which devision makiing is concentrated at upper level in the organization

Integration

the degree to which differentiated units are put back together so that owrk is coordinated into an overall product

integration

the degree to which differentiated work units work together and coordinate their efforts

Standardization 2

the degree to which jobs within the organization are standardized and the extent to which employee behavior is guided by rules and procedures

false

the entrepreneurial strategy matrix allows one to conceptualize ventures along two dimensions: investment and risk

Accountability

the expectation that employees will perform a job, take corrective action when necessary and report their performance

clearing the investment

the first step to building organizational support for an intrapreneur's idea that involves explaining the idea and seeking approval to look for wider support is called:

Entrepreneurs start their own firms for all of the following reasons except

the great idea

appropriate leadership style

the group leader must try to keep process-related problems to a minimum by ensuring that everyone has a chance to participate, not allowing the group to pressure individuals to conform, and keeping everyone focused on the decision-making objective.

authoirty

the legitimate right to make decisions and to tell other people what to do

Authority

the legitimite right to make decisions and to tell other people what to do

Job Maturity

the level of the employee's skills and technical knowledge relative to the task being performed.

Reward Power

the manager gives you a large bonus for exceptional performance

Expert Power

the marketing team leader is very experienced, so you listen to him

relying too heavily on a single large project

the most dangerous risk in corporate entrepreneurship is possibility of

Layers of Hierarchy

the number of layers such as frontline employees, team leaders, supervisors, managers, and leaders in the organization

Span of control

the number of subordinates who report directly to an executive or supervisor

span of control

the number of subordinates who report directly to an executive or supervisor -around 10 or less

the franchisee

the operator of one or more stores according to the terms of the alliance

Which of the following theories is concerned with how leaders influence followers' perceptions of their work aims and the courses they follow toward attaining that end?

the path-goal theory

Formalization

the presence of rules and regulations governing how people in the organization interact

formalization

the presence of rules and regulations governing how people in the organization interact

A difference between entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs is Multiple Choice the presence or absence of corporate support. the type of computing systems used in their organizations. the salary of people who join their organizations. the level of technical knowledge they have. the degree of success they gain after five years.

the presence or absence of corporate support.

acquire growth and high profitability

the primary objective of an entrepreneurial venture is to...

Coordination

the procedures that link the various parts of an organization for the purpose of achieving the organizatino's overall mission

Entrepreneurship

the process by which enterprising individuals initiate, manage, and assume the risks and rewards associated with a business venture

Mass Customization

the production of varied individually customized products at the low cost of standardized, mass-produced products

false

the reason for nearly all financial failures of entrepreneurial ventures is the lack of adequate start up capital

Organizational Chart

the reporting structure and division of labor in an organization

Coercive Power

the sales director assigns you to the least profitable accounts

certainty

the state that exists when decision makers have accurate and comprehensive information

uncertainty

the state that exists when decision makers have insufficient information

risk

the state that exists when the probability of success is less than 100 percent and losses may occur

technology

the systematic application of scientific knowledge to a new product, process, or service

for goods and services

the transaction fee model involves companies charging fee:

Robert Townsend, who led a legendary turnaround at Avis, said that the most important characteristic of a follower is

the willingness to tell the truth

Path-Goal Theory

theory that concerns how leaders influence subordinates' perceptions of their work goals and the paths they follow toward attainment of those goals.

true

there is a difference between a small business and an entrepreneurial venture

Transformational leaders generate excitement in several ways including

they give their followers individualized attention, delegate challenging work to deserving people, keep lines of communication open, and provide one-on-one mentoring to develop their people and they are intellectually stimulating

according to kouzes and posner, which of the following actions is taken by the best leaders?

they use various approaches to motivate people

Fiedler's theory was not always supported by research. It is better supported by

three levels: high, medium, low instead of eight

enhancement of creativity

to "get" creativity out of other people, give creative efforts the credit they are die, and don't punish creative failures.

constructive conflict

total and consistent agreement among group members can be destructive, leading to groupthink, uncreative solutions, and a waste of the knowledge and diverse viewpoints that individuals bring the group

a leadership perspective that attempts to determine the personal characteristics that great leaders share; assumes the existence of a leadership personality and assumes that leaders are born not made

trait approach

Three traditional approaches to studying leadership are the

trait approach behavioral approach situational approach

A _______ leader manages through activities, using his or her legitimate, reward, and coercive powers to give commands and exchange rewards for services rendered.

transactional

a leader who manages through activities, using his legitimate reward and coercive powers to give commands and exchange rewards for services rendered is referred to as a

transactional leader

leaders who manage through transactions, using their legitimate, reward, and coercive powers to give commands and exchange rewards for services rendered; it is dispassionate; may be more effective for indvividuals

transactional leaders

a ____ leader has a special ability to generate excitement and revitalize organizations

transformational

A _______ is a person who gets others to transcend their personal interests for the good of the group.

transformational leader

a leader who motivates people to transcend their personal interests for the good of the group; charisma contributes to this; generate excitement and revitalize organizations

transformational leader

Having a vision, communicating a vision, building trust, and having a positive self-regard are strategies that contribute to

transformational leadership

Good leadership unfortunately is all too rare true or false

true

Many administrators, supervisors and even top executives perform their responsibilities successfully without being great leaders. true or false

true

Organizations need people at all levels to be leaders true or false

true

TF Leaders serve people best by helping them develop their own initiative and good judgment, enabling them to grow, and helping them become better contributors

true

TF according to proponents of the situational approach to leadership, universally important traits and behaviors do not exist

true

TF according to the trait approach to leadership, some personality characteristics do distinguish effective leaders from other people

true

TF in the context of the broom model, several different decision styles may work, but the style recommended is the one that takes the least time

true

The concept of substitutes for leadership does more than indicate when a leader's attempts at influence will and will not work. true or false

true

You can have a great leader but if you don't have good followers, your business can still fail true or false

true

Leaders who possess these characteristics or do these things inspire in their followers

trust, confidence, acceptance, obedience, emotional involvement, affection, admiration, and higher performance

Side Street effects

unexpected opportunities that arise as you come to unknown places in your new business

If a vision is also ________, it communicates and inspires pride in being different from other organizations

unique

coordinated by mutual adjustment

units interact with one another to make accommodations in order to achieve flexible coordination

Coordination by mutual adjustment

units interact with one another to make accomodations to achieve flexible coordination

Line Departments

units that deal directly withthe organization's primary goods and services

Staff departments

units that support line departments

staff departments

units that support line departments

entrepreneurship

using his own money and resources, Justin --who recently resigned from his job-- started a new business based on the innovative ideas that he himself had generated. this is an example of...

Which of the following is best described as a mental image of a possible and desirable future state of an organization?

vision

a mental image of a possible and desirable future state of the organization; best are both ideal and unique

vision

Four additional strategies that contribute to transformational leadership

vision communicate their vision build trust by being consistent, dependable, and persistent positive self regard

bootlegging

viviana works in the software development team for a large corporation. her employer encourages employees to pursue new ideas on company premises and therefore she has a side project involving applications for small kitchen appliances. in this scenario, viviana's employer appears to support....

commitment and determination

what characteristic do successful entrepreneurs who are decisive, tenacious, disciplined, and willing to sacrifice possess?

opportunity obsession

what is a characteristic that increases the likelihood of an entrepreneur's success

to analyze whether or not to proceed

what is a fundamental reason for creating an opportunity analysis?

opportunity

what is a key planning element that provides competitive advantage that can be defeated?

top management teams

what is a non financial resource that is crucial to the success of a new business?

to raise more capital

what is a reason for companies to go public

smallness

what is one of the major liabilities of start ups?

getting the blessing

what stage includes building support for an idea that involves guaranteeing the project's technical and political feasibility, often with a formal presentation to higher management

Decentralization

when an organization relegates decision makin to managers who are closest to the action

In this model, maintenance behaviors are important when?

when followers have moderate maturity

lifestyle and taste changes

when spotting an opportunity, which of the following possibilities involves capitalizing on new clothing and music trends, the desire for fast food, and growing interest in sports?

Examples of inappropriate visions

when they reflect merely the leader's personal needs, unethical, or it may fail because lack of acceptance by the market or by those who implement it, ignore the stakeholders needs, doesn't stay abreast of envirnomental changes

Careful definition of duties and responsibilities

which of the following helped organizational managers achieve goals through systematic management?

making cheerleaders

while building support for one's idea, getting together people will offer support before formal approval from higher levels is known as...

intrapreneur

while working at Giggles Corp, Kelly has created a new venture based solely on her idea and Giggles' proprietary technology. Kelly can be described as an...

advertising support model

with what model does a site pay commissions to other sites to drive business to its own sites?

Can charisma be evil and are some against it?

yes

Referent Power

your boss is a really great person, so you're willing to work hard for her

Business Plan

A formal planning step that focuses on the entire venture and describes all the elements involved in starting it

an opportunity analysis

A description of the good or service, an assessment of the opportunity, an assessment of the entrepreneur, specification of activities and resources needed to translate the idea into a viable business, and the source(s) of capital together make up what?

Opportunity Analysis

_____ offer a way for a business to raise capital through federally registered and underwritten sales of shares in the company.

initial public stock offerings

A small business

Often defined as having fewer than 100 employees, as well as being independently owned and operated

business plan

To ensure the success of the business is a function of the:

Laura, an enterprising individual, wants to open a store in her town. She wants her store to be of the same type as a popular coffee chain that is successfully operating in a city nearby. Laura wants to become a(n):

franchise

In the context of the entrepreneurial strategy matrix, a novel product idea that involves a large financial investment would be described as:

high innovation/high risk

entrepreneur orientation

the tendency of an organization to identify and capitalize successfully on opportunities to launch new ventures by entering new or established markets with new or existing goods or services

Which of the following is a function of business plan?

to ensure the success of the business

A small business is often defined as having fewer than 100 employees, as well as being independently owned and operated.

true

As the business grows, entrepreneurs often hesitate to delegate work they are used to doing.

true

Business incubators, often located in industrial parks or abandoned factories, are protected environments for new, small businesses.

true

Entrepreneurs experience stress, but they also have high job satisfaction.

true

Intrapreneurs

New-venture creators working inside big companies

Business Incubators

Often located in industrial parks or abandoned factories, are protected environments for new, small businesses

skunkwork

What is the first formal planning step?

Perform and opportunity Analysis

Which of the following is true of entrepreneurial ventures?

Successful companies do not always require a cutting-edge technology or an exciting new product.

entrepreneurial ventures

Successful companies do not always require a cutting-edge technology or an existing new product, this is true when referring to:

Succession planning

The success of entrepreneurial venture is often jeopardized by the death of the founder. What is an important measure to minimize this problem?

Characteristics that help an entrepreneur succeed

Tolerance of risk, ambiguity, and uncertainty

Which of the following characteristics helps an entrepreneur succeed?

Tolerance of risk, ambiguity, and uncertainty

succeed

Tolerance of risk, ambiguity, and uncertainty helps an entrepreneur to

they hesitate to delegate work

What happens to the entrepreneurs as the business grows?

Over relying on a single large product

What is the most dangerous risk in intrapreneurship?

Initial Public Stock Offerings

What offers a way for a business to raise capital through federally registered and underwritten sales of shares in the company?

A Great Idea

When creating a new business one should start with:

opportunity

Which key planning element involves a competitive advantage that can be defended and should be focused on customer?

Intrepreneur

While working at a software company, Ronald has created a new venture based solely on his idea while using his company's proprietary technology. Ronald can be described as an:

Entrepreneurs

Who experiences stress but also has high job satisfaction?

What are some common management challenges?

You may not enjoy it Survival is difficult Growth creates new challenges Hard to delegate Misuse of funds

social capital

a competitive advantage in the form of relationships with other people and the image other people have for you

opportunity analysis

a description of the good or service, an assessment of the opportunity, an assessment of the entrepreneur, and specification of activities and resources needed to translate your idea into a viable business and your source(s) of capital

business plan

a formal planning step that focuses on the entire venture and describes all the elements involved in starting it

When creating a new business one should start with:

a great idea

In the context of successful business models for e-commerce, the _____ model involves charging fees to direct Internet website visitors to other companies' websites.

affiliate

franchising

an entrepreneurial alliance between a franchisor (an innovator who has created at least one successful store and wants to grow) and a franchisee (a partner who manages a new store of the same type in a new location)

entrepreneur

an individual who establishes a new organization without the benefit of corporate sponsorship

_____ are protected environments for new, small businesses offering low rents and shared costs.

business incubators

transaction fee model

charging fees for goods and services

subscription model

charging fees for site visits

In the context of common management challenges, leadership deteriorates into micromanagement when entrepreneurs fail to:

delegate work

As an organization grows, the successful entrepreneur will:

develop an effective top management team.

bootlegging

informal work of projects other than those officially assigned, of employees' own choosing and initiative

While working at a software company, Ronald has created a new venture based solely on his idea while using his company's proprietary technology. Ronald can be described as a(n):

intrepreneur

initial public offering (IPO)

sale to the public, for the first time, of federally registered and underwritten shares of stock in the company

Someone outside of the family or company

According to Peter Drucker who should help plan succession with respect to managing a family business?

develop an effective top management team

An an organization grows, the successful entrepreneur will:

The success of entrepreneurial venture is often jeopardized by the death of the founder. Which of the following is an important measure to minimize this problem?

succession planning

entrepreneurship

the process by which enterprising individuals initiate, manage, and assume the risks and rewards associated with business venture

When creating a new business one should start with

A good idea

Affiliate Model

Charging fees to direct site visitors to other companies' sites

Entrepreneurs, in part because they are very busy, often fail to use _____, resulting in inadequate margins to support growth

Formal Control Systems

delegate work

In the context of common management challenges, leadership deteriorates into micromanagement when entrepreneurs fail to:

Affiliate Model

In the context of successful business models for e-commerce, what model involves charging fees to direct internet website visitors to other companies websites?

high innovation/high risk

In the context of the entrepreneurial strategy matrix, a novel product idea that involves a large financial investment would be described as:

A Franchisee

Laura, an enterprising individual, wants to open a store in town. She wants her store to be of the same type as a popular coffee chain that is successfully operating in a city nearby. What does Lara want to become?

What are the 5 key planning elements?

People Opportunity Competition Context Risk and Reward

Legitimacy

People's judgement of a company's acceptance, appropriateness, and desirability, generally stemming from company goals and methods that are consistent with societal value

legitimacy

Peoples judgement of a company's acceptance, appropriateness, and desirability, generally stemming from company goals and methods that are consistent with societal values is know as:

According to Peter Drucker, which of the following is true with respect to managing a family business?

Someone outside the family and the business should help plan succession.

Entrepreneurial Orientation

The tendency of an organization to identify and capitalize successfully on opportunities to launch new ventures by entering new or established markets with new or existing goods or services

entrepreneurial orientation

The tendency of an organization to engage in activities designed to identify and capitalize successfully on opportunities to launch new ventures by entering new or established markets with new or existing goods or services is known as:

entrepreneurial orientation

entrepreneurial venture

The pursuit of lucrative opportunities by enterprising individuals under conditions of uncertainty is known as:

entrepreneurship

In order for family-managed businesses to survive and prosper they should

fill at least one key position with a nonfamily member

Entrepreneurs, in part because they are very busy, often fail to use _____, resulting in inadequate margins to support growth.

formal control systems

opportunity analysis

The most dangerous risk in intrapreneurship is that of:

over relying on a single large project.

legitimacy

people's judgement of a company's acceptance, appropriateness, and desirability, generally stemming from company goals and methods that are consistent with societal values

business incubators

protected environment for new small businesses, offering low rents and shared costs

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