mgmt final (7, 13-18)

Which of the following is a kind of input that is frequently used when determining partial productivity?

labor

A(n) _____ does not start processing or assembling products until it receives a customer request.

make-to-order operation

Which of the following statements best explains the term inventory?

It is the amount and number of raw materials, parts, and finished products that a company has in its possession.

Which of the following statements is true of reinforcement theory?

It says that behaviors followed by negative consequences will occur less frequently.

Which of the following statements describes positive reinforcement?

It strengthens behavior by following behaviors with desirable consequences

___ is the prediction that about every two years, computer processing power would double and its cost would drop by 50 percent.

Moore's Law

Your organization is overhauling its employee retirement plan benefits. You know your employees need information about these changes in order to understand their options and how this will affect them. As a manager, you should probably use which method to overcome resistance to change?

communication and education

Suzy was recently hired as a middle manager at Greenberg Industries. Suzy is mindful of her subordinates, respects their ideas and feelings, and establishes mutual trust. Suzy engages in:

consideration behavior

___ is defined as a regulatory process of establishing standards to achieve organizational goals, comparing actual performance to the standards, and taking corrective action when necessary to restore performance to those standards.

control

___ are workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged.

creative work environment

_____ is a mechanism for monitoring performance inputs to prevent or minimize performance deficiencies.

feedforward control

Gamapro, a company that manufactures gaming devices, has launched a new gaming console along with a new set of games for the new version of the console. However, the games designed for the previous versions of the consoles can also be used on the new console because of backward compatibility. Which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?

generational change

The cost of accessing already-stored and processed information is a(n):

retrieval cost

The products manufactured by Answeronn, a manufacturer of answering machines, initially showed a slow progress rate, but the performance of the products eventually began improving rapidly. However, the progress rate began to drop again. All these changes took place during a three-year period. In the context of technology cycles, this scenario best illustrates _____.

the S-curve pattern of innovation

George is a coach of a minor league baseball team and recently signed a new player named Cosmo. Cosmo has been a bit of a challenge to coach because he isn't happy with the outcomes that are offered by the team. While he's received several awards for being the "Player of the Week," he would really prefer to receive a bonus instead. According to expectancy theory, which of the following is low for Cosmo?

valence

Veronica recently bought a smartphone for $300. The smartphone has excellent camera and battery life. She is quite happy with her purchase as she feels that the smartphone caters to all her needs for its price. In this scenario, Veronica's perception of the smartphone exemplifies _____.

value

_____ produce goods in large batches in standard lot sizes.

Batch production processes

You are a manager at Pirate Pharmaceuticals, which is a drug manufacturing company. After a string of incidents at other drug manufacturing companies that left many people injured, you set a goal of having zero safety violations at your organization over the next year. This would be an example of which step in the control process?

Establishing standards

Which theory of leadership states that leaders need to adjust their leadership styles to match followers' readiness?

Situational theory

Which of the following statements is true of affinity patterns?

They occur when two or more database elements tend to occur together in a significant way

In the context of reinforcement contingencies, which of the following is a difference between negative reinforcement and punishment?

Unlike punishment, negative reinforcement withholds an unpleasant consequence when employees perform a specific behavior.

___ leaders create a positive image of the future that motivates organizational members and provides direction for future planning and goal setting.

Visionary

The cost of obtaining data that you don't have is a(n):

acquisition cost

In the context of the basic perception process, _____ is the process of noticing or becoming aware of new stimuli.

attention

When USB flash drives started becoming popular, customers stopped purchasing CDs. As a result, USB flash drives almost completely replaced CDs in the market and became the accepted market standard for storage devices. In the context of innovation streams, USB flash drives illustrate:

dominant design

The extent to which service providers give individual attention and care to customers' concerns and problems is called _____.

empathy

In the context of the communication process, _____ refers to putting a message into a written, verbal, or symbolic form that can be recognized and understood by the receiver.

encoding

In the context of nonverbal communication, _____ are movements of the body and face.

kinesis

According to the situational theory of leadership, which leadership styles would be most appropriate for followers with moderate levels of performance readiness?

participating and selling

The cost of turning raw data into usable information is a(n):

processing cost

Which of the following is a basic component of equity theory?

referents

According to Alderfer's ERG Theory, ___combine Maslow's esteem and belongingness needs.

relatedness needs

Donnie was watching a movie, but did not remember one of the scenes that his friend thought was most important. This would be an example of a lack of which part of perception?

retention

Jonathan's employer does not provide health coverage for his family members. Therefore, he decides to purchase health insurance for his kids so that he does not have to pay for their vaccinations and doctor visits every time. In the context of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs , this scenario best illustrates Jonathan's _____.

safety needs

At the peak of her career, Evelyn, a tennis champion, wanted to launch her own sports shoe brand. In the context of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs , this scenario best illustrates Evelyn's _____.

self-actualization needs

A person who attributes his or her success to hard work and failure to bad luck is most likely experiencing the _____.

self-serving bias

According to the situational theory of leadership, a(n) ___ involves two-way communication and psychological support to encourage followers to "own" or "buy into" particular ways of doing things.

selling style

_____ are a basis of comparison for measuring the extent to which organizational performance is satisfactory or unsatisfactory.

standards