MGMT Final Review

Which of the following statements is true of a BATNA?

At the BATNA point, a negotiator is better off not negotiating at all.

Which of the following answer options is an example of a manager's tacit knowledge?

Bolin believes a sales spike is imminent and pushes employees to increase production.

____ are stressful demands that are perceived as opportunities for learning, growth, and achievement.

Challenge Stressors

Which of the following factors is not included in the time-driven model of leadership?

Team cohesiveness

Jasmine, Mercedes, Marcus, and Pramila are managers at Harbor Holiday Group, a regional hotel chain. They each supervise employees who are very different from each other. From a readiness point of view, it can be said that Jasmine's group is able but unwilling, Mercedes's unit is both able and willing, Marcus's is neither able nor willing, and Pramila's is not able but highly willing to take on the responsibilities. Which of the following leadership behaviors should Pramila adopt to deal with her group's readiness?

Telling

Which of the following is an example of a strain?

Amrita develops insomnia while trying to meet a coding deadline.

The style of conflict resolution generally regarded as the most effective is

Collaboration

The style of conflict resolution that is considered a win-win approach is

Collaboration

___ happens when the targets of influence are willing to do what the leader asks, but they do it with a degree of ambivalence.

Compliance

Sharelle has a conflict resolution style that works for her. Whenever she is involved in settling an issue, everybody comes away feeling that for anything they lost, they gained something else in return. Her efforts have helped save friendships and prevent interdepartmental rivalries from taking over, and along the way she has gotten positive evaluations from everyone who has ever worked for her. Sharelle is adept at the conflict resolution style known as

Compromise

The target's stake in seeing that their opinions are proven right serves to increase commitment under the influence tactic known as

Consulation

An up-and-coming gubernatorial candidate has the ability to make voters feel that they are helping decide the state's future. One of the candidate's slogans is, "Help me build a better future," a message repeated at town hall meetings across the state. Often, the candidate's team invites "ordinary citizens" from the audience to come to the microphone and share their concerns—concerns that are then fitted into the candidate's platform. This candidate is adept at using the influence tactic known as

Consultation

The target's stake in seeing that their opinions are proven right serves to increase commitment under the influence tactic known as

Consultation

Melba, a department manager at Gambit Sales, makes most of her decisions by counting on the skills, experiences, and ideas of others. The final decision-making power rests with Melba. However, she is careful not to make major decisions without getting input from those who will be affected. Melba uses the _____ style of leader decision making.

Consultative

______ refer(s) to the behaviors and thoughts that people use to manage both the stressful demands that they face and the emotions associated with those stressful demands.

Coping

_____ is the process of generating and choosing from a set of alternatives to solve a problem.

Decision Making

In the time-driven model of leadership, which style is appropriate for circumstances in which the decision significance is low, employees have expertise and strong teamwork skills, and leader expertise is low?

Delegative

Peg, Rahul, Addison, and Yasmine are managers at Universal Software. Each uses a different decision-making style, which they each believe is the best. Peg always presents the problem to her employees and gathers their opinions and suggestions but makes the decision herself. Rahul gives his employees the responsibility for making the decision within a set of specified boundary conditions. Addison makes the decision without asking his employees for their opinions or suggestions. Yasmine presents the problem to her employees and seeks consensus, emphasizing that her opinion is only as important as every other employee's in her department. Rahul is using the ____ decision-making style.

Delegative

Which of the following statements concerning stress is not true?

Different people experience the same levels of stress when confronted with the exact same situation.

Kya in as administrative manager with a number of exciting new ideas about how to change organizational procedures and run the company more efficiently. However, she soon ran into opposition from company leadership, who insisted that she stick with policies adopted several decades earlier. This indicates a low degree of ______, which limits Kya's ability to influence others.

Discretion

Which of the following terms refers to the degree to which managers have the right to make decisions on their own?

Discretion

Which of the following is an example of a Type A Behavior Pattern?

During weekly meetings, Sharona talks over other people and is always in a hurry to get back to her desk and get back to work.

Eduarda was the sales manager of a highly skilled group of salespeople. Eduarda heard through the grapevine that two of her sales associates had just gotten into a physical scuffle in the employee's break area over a perceived threat to steal a customer. She heard there was much shouting and accusations and a little pushing and shoving but nothing to be too surprised at with the sales quota deadline approaching. Both employees were due to go to lunch in an hour and neither had apologized yet. What is the best suggestion for Eduarda in this situation?

Eduarda should wait until after lunch to discuss the issue with the two employees.

Alejandro hires Leona as a new sales coordinator at Rainproof Outdoor Gear after the previous coordinator quit unexpectedly. After Leona completes orientation, Alejandro needs her to quickly plan an upcoming sales meeting for all of the company's field sales representatives, who will be gathering at the office in a week to go over the new product line. Despite the fact that her predecessor did little planning for the meeting before she left, Leona wants to make a good impression and begins to prepare the meeting even though she has never planned one before. ...

Explain to Leona the basic requirements for the meetings and provide her with the expected times and locations needed for each group presentation.

Alejandro hires Leona as a new sales coordinator at Rainproof Outdoor Gear after the previous coordinator quit unexpectedly. After Leona completes orientation, Alejandro needs her to quickly plan an upcoming sales meeting for all of the company's field sales representatives, who will be gathering at the office in a week to go over the new product line. Despite the fact that her predecessor did little planning for the meeting before she left, Leona wants to make a good impression and begins to prepare the meeting even though she has never planned one before...

Explain to Leona the basic requirements for the meetings and provide her with the expected times and locations needed for each group presentation.

_______ is the removal of positive consequences following an unwanted behavior.

Extinction

Tarquin is a quality control manager at Olympia Sporting Goods. Any time a problem arises and a decision needs to be made, he believes in getting his people involved. He presents the problem to his employees and seeks consensus on a solution. He insists in these problem-solving meetings that his opinion and suggestions carry no more weight than anyone else's. Which of the following is the decision-making style that Tarquin is displaying?

Facilitative

Zemin is the creative director at Essex Marketing. The firm recently acquired a new client, Pillar Homewares. The Essex team is designing a logo, website, mailers, and other promotional items for the client. Zemin meets with the entire team, and together they develop ideas for the visual approach they should take on the project. Designers bring prototypes, everyone votes on them, and the majority wins. Zemin's leadership style is

Facilitative

Which of the following is a nonwork hindrance stressor?

Financial uncertainty

Eisha is an independent graphic designer who works with a number of advertising agencies. She used to charge by the hour, but she has now switched to charging by the ad. In other words, she has moved from a ______ schedule.

Fixed interval to a fixed ratio

The senator was having trouble getting support for a piece of legislation called The Omnibus Tax Increase Act. After soliciting input from his staff, he renamed it An Act to Protect the American Way of Life. Suddenly, public opinion was on his side, and he soon had the votes he needed. The reason stems from a decision-making bias known as

Framing

Simon started working at Solaris Industries right after college, and he had instant rapport with his boss, Felix. Felix not only showed him the ropes but always encouraged Simon as he pursued his goals, such as starting graduate school. Over the years, Simon and Felix developed a close relationship, and Felix attended Simon's wedding. The other employees in Felix and Simon's department love Felix as well. A few months ago, Felix retired and was replaced by Emmett. Emmett has a very different personality but soon proves himself to be an effective and motivating boss. Which of the following scenarios describes Simon's most likely reaction to this change?

He tells his colleague Naomi that things are not the same and that he is thinking about leaving.

When management brought Julie in to run the creative department, they told her that, within reason, she could reorganize and direct its operations as she saw fit. This illustrates the _________ contingency of power.

discretion

Which of the following situations demonstrates the connection between hindrance stressors and organizational commitment?

Hilary's manager constantly makes unreasonable demands that force her to work long hours, and as a result she is looking for another job.

Quon is project manager over a seven-member team. This project is for an important new client who is requesting some outlandish things like purple pillows in her hotel room when she arrives in town for the next meeting. Quon really wants to impress this client, and he politely appoints Jayvion to order the pillows. He explains the situation to Jayvion and asks him to take on a new role of "client liaison" for this one project. It looks to be a tough job, but if Jayvion agrees to take on the extra responsibilities Quon told him he would get a 5 percent bonus on top of his annual wage increase at the end of the year. Quon hopes he can convince his supervisor that Jayvion needs the extra bonus, but he is unsure because his supervisor has turned down many similar requests. Which of the following statements is true of this scenario?

In promising Jayvion a bonus on top of his annual wage increase and being unsure if the supervisor will approve the raise means Quon may not be able to follow through on his offer, a guideline for reward power.

_________blank involves behaving in ways that foster an enthusiasm for and commitment to a shared vision of the future.

Inspirational motivation

Charene is a product development manager for Unique Automotive Accessories. When she was first hired, she proved herself to be one of the most productive new employees. Lately, Charene's supervisor, Ivan, has noticed that her productivity is slipping from its previous high point. Whenever Ivan stays late at the office, he sees that Charene is always at her desk, eating fast food, and she is always the first to arrive in the morning. He also observes that her email replies are often time-stamped on the weekend. Ivan decides to hire Charene an assistant to ease her workload and improve her work-life balance. ...

Instrumental support

blank involves behaving in ways that challenge followers to be innovative and creative by questioning assumptions and reframing old situations in new ways.

Intellectual stimulation

_____ occurs when the target of influence agrees with and becomes committed to the influence request.

Internalization

________ occurs when the target of influence agrees with and becomes committed to the influence request.

Internalization

Which of the following is an example of instrumental support?

Jenny offers to answer phones to give the receptionist a chance to get caught up on his filing.

What occurs during the second step of the modeling process, the retention processes step?

Learners must remember the behaviors of the model once the model is no longer present.

Building competence is deemed more important than demonstrating competence when person has a(n)

Learning orientation

What is representative of the accommodating style of conflict resolution?

Low assertiveness and high cooperation

Which of the following is an example of behavioral coping?

Marcel asks his manager for advice on how to create a spreadsheet to track defective items.

A personal characteristic that fosters organizational politics is the

Need for power

_____ is when an unwanted outcome is removed following a desired behavior.

Negative reinforcement

Which of the following statements concerning contingencies of reinforcement is not true?

Negative reinforcement is designed to decrease desired behaviors.

Which of the following is not one of the four styles leaders can use to make decisions?

Negotiative

_____ is the process of selecting, organizing, storing, and retrieving information about the environment.

Perception

Thanks to donations from merchants in the community, an after-school club for disadvantaged children has introduced a new promotion: those who maintain a B average for the school year will each receive $100 in gift certificates from local businesses, such as an ice cream parlor and a clothing store. This is an example of

Positive reinforcement

The dean of students at a military school told all the students that they had to keep their lockers secured at all times. Dominique forgot and failed to use a lock, so when the dean discovered this, he made Dominique mop the bathroom and the hallway of the dorms. This is an example of

Punishment

_________blank knowledge is typically learned by employees only through experience.

Tacit

Margarita recently started working as a temp for Lucid Systems Technology. On her first day, Shari, her team leader, goes over the details of how to use the accounting software and how to file a report on her work at the end of each day. By the end of the first week, Margarita is confident and able to do her work without asking Shari for guidance, but Shari still checks in periodically to give her encouragement and suggestions. By the end of the week, Shari is demonstrating which stage in the life cycle theory of leadership?

R3, Participating

Bashir is part of a team working on a new company website. Bashir is new to the company but taught himself to code at age 13 and has a degree in web design. When Donna, his supervisor, realizes the extent of Bashir's expertise in this area, she asks Bashir to take over the back-end design of the website. Donna's behavior is an example of

R4, delegating.

Rashaad, an intern, is well-liked by everyone in the office. He has seemingly boundless energy, asks a lot of questions, and is self-confident without being arrogant. His supervisor, Margaret, is discussing Rashaad's time at the company with her colleague Finn. Margaret predicts that

Rashaad's personality and energy mean he is likely to emerge as a leader.

The life cycle theory of leadership suggests that ____ varies across employees and can be expressed in terms of four important snapshots from low to high.

Readiness

Tyrell is widely known and liked throughout the company. His magnetic personality is obvious to anyone who meets him, and strangers can recognize his influence in an instant just by observing how many people gravitate to him wherever he goes. Which type of power does Tyrell possess?

Referent

____ manifests when the target refuses to perform the influence request and puts forth an effort to avoid having to do it.

Resistance

______ manifests when the target refuses to perform the influence request and puts forth an effort to avoid having to do it.

Resistance

_____ refer(s) to a lack of information about what needs to be done in a role, as well as unpredictability regarding the consequences of performance in that role.

Role Ambiguity

_______ refer(s) to a lack of information about what needs to be done in a role, as well as unpredictability regarding the consequences of performance in that role.

Role ambiguity

_________blank refer(s) to a lack of information about what needs to be done in a role, as well as unpredictability regarding the consequences of performance in that role.

Role ambiguity

______ is a work hindrance stressor that occurs from incompatible demands within a single role that a person may hold.

Role conflict

During which phase of the leader-member exchange theory does a manager describe role expectations to employees, with employees attempting to fulfill those expectations with their job behaviors?

Role taking

In the _____ leader behavior, leaders supplement their directing with support and encouragement to protect the confidence levels of the employees.

Selling

The dean of the college of arts and sciences held a mixer last night but was dismayed to see that, rather than mixing, the students tended to split off into groups by major: arts and humanities students there, students majoring in the natural sciences there, and social-science majors over there. This is an example of _____ in action.

Social identity theory

_________blank reduce the importance of the leader while simultaneously providing a direct benefit to employee performance.

Substitutes

Mohammed, who manages the IT department at the corporate headquarters of the retail clothing chain Real Cheap Shirts, noticed that one of his best technicians, Mia, was often coming in late. Even when she was on time, she was distracted and harried. Mia occasionally ran diagnostic tests on the wrong systems or lost focus when presenting her weekly recap reports to the team. Mohammed asked if something was going on, and Mia admitted that her grandfather was showing signs of dementia, and she was trying her best to care for him alone, but it was hard to do that and commit 100 percent to her work duties...

Supportive practices

Although it is not easily communicated, ______ knowledge could very well be the most important aspect of what we learn in organizations.

Tacit

____ knowledge is typically learned by employees only through experience.

Tacit

Rodrigue started as a receptionist at a large printing company and worked his way up to a management position within a few years. For the first six months as manager of the prepress department, Rodrigue reflexively adopted a fairly autocratic style of leadership. The department did well enough, with good job output numbers and a middling level of employee commitment. Then Rodrigue participated in a two-week transformational leadership retreat offered by the corporate headquarters. Several months after the retreat, Chris and Aoki, two of Rodrigue's employees, are having lunch and discussing his leadership. What do you think they most likely observe about the effect of Rodrigue's new leadership style on the atmosphere in the office?

They discuss how everyone in the office seems a lot more motivated and how much it has affected their job output numbers, which are the highest the department has reported in years.

Many training programs (ideally) focus on _____ leadership content, and research suggests these programs can be effective.

Transformational

Gregor has worked in software quality assurance for three years but is looking for opportunities at other companies as a means to increase his salary and gain responsibility. To prepare for his interview for a software engineer position, he studies programming in his spare time and asks friends who are already programmers for interview tips. Despite his relative lack of experience, he is thrilled when the human resources manager for the new company calls to tell him he has been hired. Although he is eager to please his new boss, he gets nervous when his first assignment requires him to implement a new user interface feature in a programming language that he is not very familiar with. ...

Work Complexity

______ refers to the nature of the obligations that a person has toward others.

Work responsibility

________ refers to the nature of the obligations that a person has toward others.

Work responsibility

In distributive bargaining, when one person gains, the other person loses. This is also known as a _____ condition.

Zero-sum

What happens when employees respond to influence tactics with compliance?

a shift in the behaviors of employees, but not their attitudes

A slot machine is an example of

a variable ratio schedule.

What is the process by which two parties resolve conflict through use of a specially trained third party?

alternative dispute resolution

Punishment occurs when

an unwanted outcome follows an unwanted behavior.

In the time-driven model of leadership, which style is reserved for decisions that are significant and in which the leader's expertise is high?

autocratic

The board was split over a fundamental question of the company's future direction, but Mr. Tran declared himself neutral in the conflict. As the oldest member of the board, he said, he should not take sides. His behavior exemplifies an approach to conflict resolution known as

avoiding

Wes's employer has established a course of learning for him. From the standpoint of organizational behavior, this is particularly important because learning will help him to

become a better decision maker.

When employees observe the actions of others, learn from what they observe, and then repeat what they have observed, they are engaging in

behavioral modeling.

A year ago Niantha was promoted to project manager at FeedOurWorld.com, an online charity organization that facilitates the distribution of out-of-date food from supermarkets and restaurants to homeless shelters and food pantries. In an effort to boost productivity and keep the team engaged and relaxed, Niantha implemented a number of light-hearted strategies such as casual Fridays, Random Theme Mondays, and Pajama Wednesdays. Because there is little client contact at the office, she saw no reason for her team to dress formally, and she wanted them to feel as comfortable as possible in the workplace. ... Given what you know about the nature of challenge stressors, how should Niantha address the issue of lost productivity?

by requiring that Reggie and Shay use at least one day of paid time off per month and sending them home if they come to work visibly sick, tired, or distressed

A year ago Niantha was promoted to project manager at FeedOurWorld.com, an online charity organization that facilitates the distribution of out-of-date food from supermarkets and restaurants to homeless shelters and food pantries. In an effort to boost productivity and keep the team engaged and relaxed, Niantha implemented a number of light-hearted strategies such as casual Fridays, Random Theme Mondays, and Pajama Wednesdays. Because there is little client contact at the office, she saw no reason for her team to dress formally, and she wanted them to feel as comfortable as possible in the workplace. To keep her team energized and goal-oriented, she created weekly challenge goals and friendly competition among team members by posting the total amount of food each person managed to reclaim that week. ...

by requiring that Reggie and Shay use at least one day of paid time off per month and sending them home if they come to work visibly sick, tired, or distressed

When confronted with a conflict at work or in other organizational aspects of her life, Millie tends to take an avoiding style. That is best used when she is in a situation where she

cannot win and there is no acceptable alternative.

Leaders who perform critical tasks and interact with others regularly have a greater ability to use their power to influence others. These leaders are exhibiting the contingency factor called

centrality.

People who experience higher levels of _________ tend to have higher levels of job performance.

challenge stressors

True learning only occurs when

changes in behavior become relatively permanent.

The concept of bounded rationality suggests that we are likely to

choose the first acceptable alternative.

Raul has a plan to completely reorganize the workflow in his department, but before presenting it to Gordon, his supervisor, he recruits the support of his colleagues Natalie and Andre. This is an example of the influence tactic known as

coalitions.

Which of these techniques attempt(s) to help people appraise and cope with stressors in a rational manner?

cognitive-behavioral techniques

Groups of employees, or _________, work together and learn from one another by collaborating over an extended period of time.

communities of practice

Which two styles of conflict resolution are likely to result in negative feelings toward the leader?

competing and avoiding

Indira manages a team of people in the accounting department at Financial Partners, LLP. The company has been in buyout talks with a large competitor for the past few months. As the merger deal nears completion, Indira started noticing a change in her team's conduct. One of the collection agents, Malcolm, is taking longer lunches and often returns reeking of alcohol. She observed Akobo, the accounts receivable supervisor, uncharacteristically lashing out at vendors on the phone. Her own assistant, Marjorie, started nervously tapping her feet and pulling at her hair during meetings. Indira is worried about her team members and their well-being. According to the protocols of assessment, which of the following actions will help Indira best understand her team members' issues?

considering what might be causing the issues and surveying team members about the sources of their anxieties

The target's stake in seeing that their opinions are proven right serves to increase commitment under the influence tactic known as

consultation.

Item49 0/0.02points awarded ItemScored eBook Explanationsame page Item 49 Peg, Rahul, Addison, and Yasmine are managers at Universal Software. Each uses a different decision-making style, which they each believe is the best. Peg always presents the problem to her employees and gathers their opinions and suggestions but makes the decision herself. Rahul gives his employees the responsibility for making the decision within a set of specified boundary conditions. Addison makes the decision without asking his employees for their opinions or suggestions. Yasmine presents the problem to her employees and seeks consensus, emphasizing that her opinion is only as important as every other employee's in her department. Peg is displaying the _________blank style of decision making.

consultative

Alisha is the manager of Fresh Marketplace, an organic café, juice bar, and supermarket. The company has recently faced competition from Oriole Organic Supermarket. Alisha meets with her team to get their thoughts on how Fresh Marketplace can become more competitive. They have a limited budget, so she needs to figure out where to best spend the money they have. After the meeting, she weighs their ideas before making a decision. Alisha's leadership style is

consultative.

Organizations use four specific consequences to modify employee behavior. These are known as

contingencies of reinforcement.

Researchers found two particular limitations to trait theory: traits had less practical relevance than leader actions and

correlations between leader traits and leader effectiveness were weak.

Jackson's boss, Samira, is excited about a new project management system she learned about at a weekend seminar, which purports to increase accountability and efficiency by 30 percent. She bought it for the office and hired a trainer to teach everyone in the office how to use it. What dimension of day-to-day leadership is Samira demonstrating?

initiating structure

As manager of a 10-person team, Art has legitimate power over his employees. But he would be abusing his legitimate power if he

creates a team schedule for members to feed his cat while he is gone for the weekend.

Which of the following reflect(s) the relatively minor routine demands that get in the way of accomplishing the things that we really want to accomplish?

daily hassles

A leader's _________blank reflects the process that the leader uses to generate and choose from a set of alternatives to solve a problem.

decision-making style

Jasmine, Mercedes, Marcus, and Pramila are managers at Harbor Holiday Group, a regional hotel chain. They each supervise employees who are very different from each other. From a readiness point of view, it can be said that Jasmine's group is able but unwilling, Mercedes's unit is both able and willing, Marcus's is neither able nor willing, and Pramila's is not able but highly willing to take on the responsibilities. Which of the following leadership behaviors should Mercedes adopt for her group?

delegating

In the time-driven model of leadership, which style is appropriate for circumstances in which the decision significance is low, employees have expertise and strong teamwork skills, and leader expertise is low?

delegative

Julio has been newly appointed as the CEO of SmartSystems Inc. He is still learning how various departments function in the organization. Until he is able to gain sufficient knowledge and can suggest some changes, he relies on the suggestions and opinions of his team members and lets them do things the way they are used to. He does not generally interfere in the decisions made by the employees but, at times, shares his past experiences with them. It can be said that Julio has adopted a(n) _________blank style of decision making.

delegative

Raj has a strongly collaborative style of conflict resolution, which will prove especially helpful for him in a situation where

different perspectives might help arrive at a better alternative.

The staff at company headquarters seemed to have a problem with motivation, so the organization's leadership brought in Herb Sewell, one of the most prominent motivational experts in the industry. Herb had what sounded at first like a lot of crazy ideas, but as it turned out, there was a method to his madness, and after a week of doing his strange-sounding, sometimes downright comical team-building exercises, the staff had a renewed level of excitement and commitment. This happened in part because the company leadership gave Herb a high degree of _________ in doing his job.

discretion

Makayla was taking the trash out to the dumpster behind the bakery where she worked when she heard a loud noise. Just around the corner she saw her coworker Narayan kicking at the brick wall and cursing under his breath. She asked him what was wrong, and he told her that his boss had denied his request for vacation even though it had been approved two months before. Narayan was told that due to the recent layoffs, they would be understaffed for the Thanksgiving holiday, and all previously approved vacation requests had been put on hold. Narayan was upset because this meant he would be unable to attend his cousin's wedding, where he was looking forward to seeing his extended family. Narayan's outburst is an example of _________ coping.

emotion-focused behavioral

Recent research shows that individuals most likely to choose constructive forms of conflict management score high in terms of

emotional intelligence

The president of a country has dedicated the bulk of the country's military power to an invasion of a neighboring country. For a time, the war seems to be going his way. Then the enemy begins to take the offensive, conducting massive encircling movements, taking tens of thousands of prisoners, and forcing whole divisions into retreat. Still the president presses on, ordering more troops to the front, in spite of protests from his generals. This is known as

escalation of commitment.

Bounded rationality says we are likely to

evaluate each alternative as soon as we think of it.

As the most experienced botanist in the world when it comes to a particular rare but serious tree fungus with the potential to destroy thousands of acres of forests, Chitra possesses enormous _________blank power within the botanical community.

expert

The knowledge and skills that distinguish specialists from novices are referred to as

expertise.

The leadership at Morgan Industrial Chemicals has been confronted with a crisis: someone incorrectly filed a purchase order from a key client, thus resulting in a shipment of the wrong materials. Not knowing this, the client proceeded to make use of the chemicals—with disastrous results. This has never happened to the company before, and although it has procedures for addressing various contingencies, the situation at hand requires quick thinking. The task of addressing the problem has fallen to Beth, who is an experienced manager, and she readily comes up with a solution.

explain the situation, present her solution and reasoning, point out what the team should be on the lookout for, and invite feedback from team members.

Peg, Rahul, Addison, and Yasmine are managers at Universal Software. Each uses a different decision-making style, which they each believe is the best. Peg always presents the problem to her employees and gathers their opinions and suggestions but makes the decision herself. Rahul gives his employees the responsibility for making the decision within a set of specified boundary conditions. Addison makes the decision without asking his employees for their opinions or suggestions. Yasmine presents the problem to her employees and seeks consensus, emphasizing that her opinion is only as important as every other employee's in her department. Yasmine is displaying the _________blank decision-making style.

facilitative

Maksim is an attorney working with a client seeking damages from a restoration expert who failed to properly restore a yacht, leaving it unable to be launched. The client is demanding $150,000, as well as an apology. In order to best help the client, Maksim needs to

find out the lowest settlement amount the client is willing to accept.

When visiting a new city with his family, Tareq found himself staying at a hotel chain he had never been to before. Tareq had boundaries when booking a room at an unfamiliar hotel: the word "hotel"—not "motel" or "inn"—has to be in the name, and the hotel must offer a continental breakfast. Tareq's personal rules are a form of

heuristics.

Pamela's sales have been slipping for the last four quarters, but this has not adversely affected her performance ratings. As her boss, Paul, observes, "Things are tough all over, and especially in that northeastern territory where she's working. I do not think anybody else could have done any better, given the same situation." This indicates _________blank attribution.

high consensus resulting in an external

Pamela's sales have been slipping for the last four quarters, but this has not adversely affected her performance ratings. As her boss, Paul, observes, "Things are tough all over, and especially in that northeastern territory where she's working. I do not think anybody else could have done any better, given the same situation." This indicates ______ attribution.

high consensus resulting in an externalCorrect

Which of the following characteristics is most closely related to leader effectiveness?

high openness to experience

Jasmine, Mercedes, Marcus, and Pramila are managers at Harbor Holiday Group, a regional hotel chain. They each supervise employees who are very different from each other. From a readiness point of view, it can be said that Jasmine's team is able but unwilling, Mercedes's unit is both able and willing, Marcus's is neither able nor willing, and Pramila's is not able but highly willing to take on the responsibilities. Marcus's optimal behavior to deal with his group's readiness should be characterized by _________ initiating structure and _________ consideration.

high; high

Employees whose managers participated in transformational leadership training programs reported _________blank afterward.

higher levels of organizational commitment

Which type of structure reflects the extent to which the leader defines and structures the roles of employees in pursuit of goal attainment?

initiating structure

Charene is a product development manager for Unique Automotive Accessories. When she was first hired, she proved herself to be one of the most productive new employees. Lately, Charene's supervisor, Ivan, has noticed that her productivity is slipping from its previous high point. Whenever Ivan stays late at the office, he sees that Charene is always at her desk, eating fast food, and she is always the first to arrive in the morning. He also observes that her email replies are often time-stamped on the weekend. Ivan decides to hire Charene an assistant to ease her workload and improve her work-life balance. Ivan's approach to alleviating Charene's stressors is an example of

instrumental support.

Involving the use of problem solving and mutual respect to achieve an outcome that is satisfying for both parties, _________blank is aimed at accomplishing a win-win scenario.

integrative bargaining

Leaders who thoroughly understand the conflict resolution style of collaboration are likely to thrive in _________ negotiations.

integrative bargaining

There may be some formal, pompous people on the board at Chen Grains, but the chair and chief executive officer—Mr. Chen himself—is not one of them. He is as comfortable talking to farmers or truck drivers as he is corporate executives. Mr. Chen's behavior illustrates the dimension of political skill known as

interpersonal influence

Miranda is in charge of tracking the output quality of recycled aluminum at Reclaimed Metals. When she went on parental leave, Silas was brought on in a temporary capacity to cover her position during her absence. The department manager, Rochelle, knew that the company's rapid growth had increased Miranda's workload over recent months, and she wanted to ensure that Miranda would not have to work overtime upon her return because Miranda would have a new baby at home. In order to allow Miranda to ease back into work upon her return and to account for increased work demands due to future company growth, Rochelle decided to hire Silas permanently to handle the quality assurance responsibilities with Miranda. This arrangement is known as

job sharing.

Which of the following statements describes intuition?

judgments that are emotionally charged, arising through quick, nonconscious, and holistic associations

Which of the following refers to how well people actually do in a leadership role?

leader effectiveness

The degree to which the leader's actions result in the achievement of the unit's goals; the continued commitment of the unit's employees; and the development of mutual trust, respect, and obligation in leader-member dyads are all called

leader effectiveness.

If a manager fails to communicate their request politely, they are breaking the guideline for using _________blank power.

legitimate

Power derived from a position of authority inside the organization is _________ power.

legitimate

Parker works in an office with about 20 employees. Seven or eight employees go out to lunch together at least once a week. Parker rarely joins the lunches, although all are welcome, but the office manager joins regularly. Parker has just found out about a new office computer system that will be installed and realizes that the workers who go out to lunch together already know about the new computer system. Parker likely has a(n) _________blank dyad with the office manager.

low-quality

The leader-member exchange theory argues that

new relationships between leaders and members are typically marked by a role-taking phase.

Work-family conflict is a type of _________ stressor.

nonwork hinderance

Major types of power can be grouped along two dimensions,

organizational and personal.

People with a performance-avoid orientation focus on demonstrating their competence so that

others will not think poorly of them.

In the leader-member exchange theory, the low-quality exchange dyad forms the leader's

outgroup

The optimal combination of leader behaviors in the R3 stage of the life cycle theory of leadership is

participating.

Kazue works in a department store. She has noticed that several of her coworkers avoid interacting with customers, take a lot of smoke breaks, and leave their sales areas messy and disorganized. When she discusses the situation with her manager, Rob, he says he will do something about it, but he does not. In fact, nothing changes until several customers file complaints in the space of a single week, at which point Rob takes disciplinary measures toward two of his employees. Rob is demonstrating

passive management-by-exception.

Palesa is making a presentation for new menu items, and she hopes the rest of the kitchen team will support her proposals. In the days leading up to the meeting, she chats with several different colleagues. In each case, at some point, she says something like, "We've covered for each other so many times. Have you got my back on the new menu?" This is an example of the influence tactic known as

personal appeal.

Due to time pressure and heavy workload, Dan has developed high blood pressure and has started to show forgetfulness at work and home. These are examples of _________ strains

physiological and psychological

Soon after becoming the new store manager of Halo Foods, an organic food market, Max discovers that employees are coming in late to work, taking long breaks, and behaving unprofessionally while on the job. After considering the situation, he introduces a new set of guidelines, along with contingencies of reinforcement. Those who show up on time, do not exceed their allotted break schedules, and show themselves behaving professionally at all times while on duty during the next month will be given a $20 Visa gift card, courtesy of management. Those who fail to meet the requirements, on the other hand, will be asked to stay late one night a week and attend an unpaid training session. ...

positive reinforcement and punishment

Tobias is widely acknowledged as one of the best sales trainers in the insurance industry. He has often been described as having an intuitive grasp not only of insurance sales techniques but also of the methods for teaching them. One day after a seminar, a trainee named Lena approaches him and asks him to teach her how to do what he does. Dropping the friendly persona that was typical of his on-stage presence, he simply said, "I can't" and walked out. Tobias was

right, because what he does is based on experience and his personal qualities and is probably not something he could teach someone else how to do, even if he wanted to.

Soon after becoming the new store manager of Halo Foods, an organic food market, Max discovers that employees are coming in late to work, taking long breaks, and behaving unprofessionally while on the job. After considering the situation, he introduces a new set of guidelines, along with contingencies of reinforcement. Those who show up on time, do not exceed their allotted break schedules, and show themselves behaving professionally at all times while on duty during the next month will be given a $20 Visa gift card, courtesy of management. Those who fail to meet the requirements, on the other hand, will be asked to stay late one night a week and attend an unpaid training session. The contingencies Max is planning to implement—the Visa gift card on the one hand and the unpaid training session on the other—are, respectively,

positive reinforcement and punishment.

Andrea was elected student council president partly due to a pledge that she would get the school to put in a skate park. It was a big thing to promise, but she knew that the school system had recently had a large influx of tax dollars and that the money is there; she just needs to win over the powers that be. First, she has to get the school principal on her side, and together they will go to the board of education. The principal, Ms. Hernandez, is new to the school system, and other than simply meeting her, Andrea has had few interactions with her. In her meeting with Ms. Hernandez, the best approach for Andrea is to

present her with data showing that the skate park is not only needed but also affordable and practical.

Some highly motivated individuals come to work even though they are suffering from the physiological, psychological, or behavioral strain caused by stress. This phenomenon, known as _________, can result in reductions in productivity even greater than those resulting from employees who avoid work due to the effects of stress.

presenteeism

Kristen attempts to address time pressure by working harder and seeking assistance in devising a strategy for accomplishing the work more efficiently. In the example, Kristen uses

problem-focused coping

Decisions that become somewhat automatic because people's knowledge allows them to recognize and identify a situation and the course of action that needs to be taken are known as _________blank decisions.

programmed

The life cycle theory of leadership suggests that _________blank varies across employees and can be expressed in terms of four important snapshots from low to high.

readiness

Kate's firm does marketing research studies for film production companies, and this week it showed carefully selected test audiences a soon-to-be-released blockbuster called Love, Explosions, and Laughter. Afterward, it presented participants with a series of questions, including one that asked them to rate their favorite movie of all time. Production company executives were thrilled to see that viewers rated Love, Explosions, and Laughter higher than such classics as Citizen Kane and The Wizard of Oz, but most likely the reason for this was a decision-making bias known as

recency.

After a lengthy, stressful company restructuring, Julia, a project manager, took a six-week medical leave just to keep her sanity intact. This is an example of

recovery

Which of these terms refers to the degree to which energies used for coping with work demands are replenished from a period of rest or relief from work?

recovery

Hana is working as the head of international marketing at Moose Tracks Distillery. Her work requires her to travel extensively and meet customers in various countries. However, Hana's role also requires her to mentor several marketing data specialists assigned to her and keep track of their progress. Because Hana stays away from her office most of the time, she finds it difficult to manage both types of work responsibilities. Hana faces which of the following challenges?

role conflict

For some employees, the initial role-taking phase may eventually be supplanted by

role making

The _________blank process is marked by a free-flowing exchange in which the leader offers more opportunities and resources and the employee contributes more activities and effort.

role-making

When decision makers select the first acceptable alternative considered, the result is

satisficing.

Which leader behavior, according to the life cycle theory of leadership, comprises high initiating structure and high consideration?

selling

Tameeka has developed a reputation in her industry for her key involvement in several high-profile negotiations where she has used a distributive framework. Now, she likely finds that

she has difficulty negotiating in any other way.

Most research on _________blank focuses on the ways it buffers the relationship between stressors and strains

social support

Preston Productions, a large international production company, has just transferred Omar to Brazil. His supervisor has informed him that he will be involved in a knowledge transfer, which most likely means that

someone with experience living in Brazil will help him learn how to operate and live in his new environment.

Nobuko is a customer service representative at Call Center Central. She thought a job answering phones all day would be easy, and at first it seemed to be. Over time, however, the large daily call volume and the number of angry or aggressive callers have made her edgy, and she finds herself being short with customers for no reason. She now has muscle spasms and gets headaches while at work. Nobuko's physical symptoms are examples of

strains

_________are the negative consequences that occur when demands tax or exceed one's capacity or resources.

strains

Mia, was often coming in late. Even when she was on time, she was distracted and harried. Mia occasionally ran diagnostic tests on the wrong systems or lost focus when presenting her weekly recap reports to the team. Mohammed asked if something was going on, and Mia admitted that her grandfather was showing signs of dementia, and she was trying her best to care for him alone, but it was hard to do that and commit 100 percent to her work duties. Mohammed proposed to alter Mia's work requirements so that she could work whatever hours she wanted to, including some telecommuting from home, as long as she completed her assigned tasks by the end of each week. Mia smiled when she heard this and was grateful that her boss was so understanding. In allowing Mia to have altered work hours, Mohammed was utilizing

supportive practices.

Although it is not easily communicated, _________ knowledge could very well be the most important aspect of what we learn in organizations.

tacit

Which of the following factors is not included in the time-driven model of leadership?

team cohesiveness

What is power?

the ability to influence the behavior of others and to resist unwanted influence in return

Burnout can be defined as

the emotional, mental, and physical exhaustion that results from having to cope with stressful demands on an ongoing basis.

Which of the following theories is also known as the situational model of leadership?

the life cycle theory of leadership

Valeria is the vice president of communications for a shoe and handbag designer. In a typical workweek, she is required to attend four departmental meetings, prepare media reports, handle interviews with media outlets, have one-on-one meetings with each of her three managers, and travel to a satellite location where mock-ups of new products are photographed for catalogs, the company's website, and social media. Most weeks, Valeria puts in more than 70 hours at the office, and she often responds to emails while watching television at night and on the weekends. Despite this, she finds herself falling behind. Valeria's experience is an example of

the number of role demands placed on her being too high.

Tracy and Tonya's business has enjoyed enormous growth, and they are not sure how to handle the growing list of back orders, so they sit down together to figure out what they should do. First, they list the important criteria involved, then they write down all possible solutions. Having done so, they evaluate these alternatives against the criteria they have established, and after a great deal of discussion, they choose an alternative that they believe will yield the best results. Lastly, having made a decision, they set out to implement it. This is an example of

the rational decision-making model.

_________ is when we attribute our failures to external factors and our successes to internal factors.

the self-serving bias

Which of these is a nonwork challenge stressor?

time demands from partners, children, and friends

Which of the following is a systematic effort by organizations to facilitate the learning of job-related knowledge and behavior?

training

Which of the following represents the "carrot-and-stick" approach to leadership?

transactional leadership

Over lunch, Daniela and Hassan are discussing their managers. Daniela describes her boss as extremely motivating. Work goals are more demanding than ever, but even though the rewards of the hard work may not come soon, Daniela trusts her manager's emphasis on the future good that will come from their work. She feels that working with this new manager has led to a much stronger emotional bond with the organization, much more engagement with the work, and an overall increase in her job satisfaction. Daniela's boss can be described as a(n) _________ leader.

transformational

Over lunch, Daniela and Hassan are discussing their managers. Daniela describes her boss as extremely motivating. Work goals are more demanding than ever, but even though the rewards of the hard work may not come soon, Daniela trusts her manager's emphasis on the future good that will come from their work. She feels that working with this new manager has led to a much stronger emotional bond with the organization, much more engagement with the work, and an overall increase in her job satisfaction. Daniela's boss can be described as a(n) _________blank leader.

transformational

Escalation of commitment describes which of the following situations?

when a person decides to continue to follow a failing course of action

Role overload refers to a work hindrance stressor that occurs

when the number of demanding roles a person holds is so high the person cannot perform some or all of the roles effectively.

When should a competing style of conflict resolution be used?

when you believe you are right, and there is no middle ground

With a fixed interval schedule,

workers are rewarded after a certain amount of time, and the time between reinforcement periods stays the same.