MGMT, GGC, CH 15-18

1) ________ refers to the process of monitoring, comparing, and correcting work performance. A) Controlling B) Checking C) Measuring D) Verifying

A) Controlling

3) ________ is a performance measure of both the efficiency and effectiveness of employees. A) Employee productivity B) Organizational citizenship behavior C) Job satisfaction D) Employee morale

A) Employee productivity

31) The ________ model proposed that effective group performance depended upon the proper match between the leader's style of interacting with his or her followers and the degree to which the situation allowed the leader to control and influence. A) Fiedler contingency B) situational leadership C) Tiger Woods D) path-goal

A) Fiedler contingency

5) Joe watches his youngest employees like a mother hen to make sure they stay on task and off their cell phones. Joe is behaving like a ________ manager. A) Theory X B) Theory Y C) Theory Z D) Two-factor

A) Theory X

45) ________ leadership is the ability to create and articulate a realistic, credible, and attractive vision of the future for an organization that improves on the present. A) Visionary B) Charismatic C) Trait D) Transactional

A) Visionary

27) Bernard expects his employees to "check their brains at the door." He does all the thinking, makes all the decisions, and issues commands to his subordinates. Bernard uses the ________ style of leadership. A) autocratic B) authoritarian C) democratic D) laissez-faire

A) autocratic

7) Which component of attitude is reflected in the sentence, "This is the best way to get to our destination"? A) cognitive B) behavioral C) emotive D) affective

A) cognitive

6) The three components that make up an attitude are ________ components. A) cognitive, affective, and behavioral B) active, behavioral, and adjustable C) emotional, creative, and environmental D) intentional, reactive, and adjustable

A) cognitive, affective, and behavioral

30) Susan has a reputation of being fair, helpful, and understanding. She even helped her subordinate overcome a personal crisis. Which one of the following dimensions of leadership is Susan displaying here? A) consideration B) initiating structure C) employee orientation D) task orientation

A) consideration

39) When Fred recently met with the employees to let them know the product schedules and what he expected of them, he displayed which one of the following leadership styles? A) directive B) supportive C) participative D) achievement-oriented

A) directive

18) It is very difficult to ruffle Doreen's feathers. She has been called a rock, steadfast, slow to anger, calm in the middle of the storm. Doreen is high in ________. A) emotional stability B) sensing C) conscientiousness D) thinking

A) emotional stability

21) Filing of fraudulent expense reports is an example of ________. A) employee theft B) workplace piracy C) workplace violence D) privacy intrusion

A) employee theft

18) When data is analyzed and processed, it becomes ________. A) a system B) information C) fact D) a structure

B) information

24) Corporate governance ________. A) refers to executive governance practices in companies B) is a system used to govern a corporation so that the interests of corporate owners are protected C) is a term that refers to legal agreements made between two or more partner firms D) refers to the compliance of the company to applicable laws and regulations

B) is a system used to govern a corporation so that the interests of corporate owners are protected

26) Persons who are able to influence others and who possess managerial authority are termed ________. A) entrepreneurs B) leaders C) managers D) visionaries

B) leaders

16) The ________ ratios measure an organization's ability to meet its current debt obligations. A) activity B) liquidity C) leverage D) profitability

B) liquidity

4) The first step in the control process is ________. A) setting the desired standards B) measuring actual performance C) comparing performance against expectations D) enforcing managerial control

B) measuring actual performance

42) Adrienne receives more attention and information from her supervisor than some of her coworkers. Because she feels "special," she puts more effort into her performance and scores higher on her evaluations. According to LMX theory, Adrienne is a ________. A) naturally high achiever B) member of the in-group C) protégé of her supervisor D) task-oriented employee

B) member of the in-group

32) Fiedler assumed a person's leadership style was ________. A) contingent upon the situation B) relatively flexible C) democratic D) fixed

D) fixed

9) ________ corrects the problem at once to get performance back on track. A) Basic corrective action B) Immediate corrective action C) Verbal feedback D) Disciplinary action

B) Immediate corrective action

6) John knows his more experienced workers don't need him to "babysit" them; he trusts them to know what to do, how to do it, and to get it done on time. In this respect, John is a ________ manager. A) Theory X B) Theory Y C) Theory Z D) Two-factor

B) Theory Y

8) The three-needs theory of motivation states that there are three ________ needs that are major motivators in work. A) psychological B) acquired C) safety D) innate

B) acquired

10) According to the three-needs theory, the need for ________ is the desire for friendly and close interpersonal relationships. A) belonging B) affiliation C) affection D) achievement

B) affiliation

19) Sarah is using the JCM to redesign jobs for her small team of writers. After carefully analyzing their jobs, she determines that while their jobs are high in skill variety, task identity, task significance, and autonomy, they receive little feedback about their work. Which one of the following steps will enable Sarah to improve this aspect of their jobs? A) adding editing and proofreading duties to their existing work B) allowing the writers to directly conduct business with their clients C) allowing writers to choose their topics and assignments D) making employees responsible for executing a piece of work from start to finish

B) allowing the writers to directly conduct business with their clients

12) "Cody has retired on the job" is an expression used to describe ________. A) a person approaching full retirement age B) an employee who is disengaged C) someone who draws retirement income while continuing to work D) a person on extended medical leave

B) an employee who is disengaged

1) Individual behavior in organizations includes ________. A) strategies, norms, and roles B) attitudes, learning, and motivation C) structure, culture, and team building D) policies and procedures

B) attitudes, learning, and motivation

9) When someone chooses to act in a certain way, she is demonstrating the ________ component of her attitude. A) cognitive B) behavioral C) affective D) practices

B) behavioral

14) The way tasks are combined to form complete jobs is referred to as ________. A) job evaluation B) job rotation C) job design D) job specification

C) job design

34) Which one of the following leadership styles describes a leader who provides both directive and supportive behavior? A) telling B) selling C) participating D) delegating

B) selling

6) Andrew prefers to get his performance data in the form of charts and graphs. Andrew prefers ________. A) personal observations B) statistical reports C) oral reports D) written reports

B) statistical reports

40) According to the path-goal model, when Ginger spends time with the employees so they can see that she is friendly and has concern for them, she displays which one of the following leadership styles? A) considerate B) supportive C) participative D) people-oriented

B) supportive

24) Temporary workers are often motivated by ________. A) autonomy in their work and flexibility in their schedules B) the opportunity to become regular, full-time employees C) the ability to change assignments frequently D) recognition and responsibility

B) the opportunity to become regular, full-time employees

22) In the expectancy theory, ________ is the importance that the individual places on the potential outcome or reward that can be achieved on the job. A) expectancy B) valence C) instrumentality D) saliency

B) valence

20) ________ is the search for the best practices among competitors or non-competitors that lead to their superior performance. A) Factor analysis B) Total quality management C) Market positioning D) Benchmarking

D) Benchmarking

15) ________ refers to the degree of control employees have over their work. A) Task identity B) Task significance C) Job scope D) Job depth

D) Job depth

1) Matthew is worried that he will not be able to pay his mortgage and feed his family since he was laid off from his production job. Which one of Maslow's levels of need is a concern to Matthew? A) self-actualization B) esteem C) psychological D) physiological

D) physiological

24) Emotional intelligence has been shown to be ________. A) negatively related to job performance at all levels B) negatively related to job performance in middle management only C) positively related to job performance only in mechanistic organizations D) positively related to job performance at all levels

D) positively related to job performance at all levels

49) When a young child emulates a professional sports star's behavior, what kind of power does the star have over the child? A) legitimate B) expert C) coercive D) referent

D) referent

33) Jill has tried hard to build a good rapport with her employees and knows each of their families. She encourages her employees to work hard, but to be certain to take time out for themselves and their families. Fiedler's contingency model would classify Jill as ________ oriented. A) production B) consideration C) task D) relationship

D) relationship

17) Which one of the following ratios measures how efficiently and effectively the firm is using its assets to generate revenue? A) total asset turnover ratios B) inventory turnover ratios C) acid test ratio D) return on investment

D) return on investment

5) Andrea closely monitors the job satisfaction of her subordinates because she believes ________. A) she will be rated in this area on her performance evaluation B) it is hard to discipline an employee because of the employee's attitude C) low satisfaction leads to counterproductive behaviors D) satisfied workers are more productive

D) satisfied workers are more productive

3) According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, a person's needs for growth, achieving one's potential, and self-fulfillment constitute his or her ________ needs. A) psychological B) esteem C) social D) self-actualization

D) self-actualization

43) Rachel's colleagues and subordinates have a very high regard for her. They know that no one can get high-quality work done the way Rachel can. She inspires her team to excel in their work, even exceeding their own expectations. What her subordinates like best about Rachel is that they are free to discuss her decisions with her, even question her once in while if they are not sure about her strategy. Which one of the following best describes Rachel's leadership style? A) transactional B) charismatic C) authentic D) transformational

D) transformational

8) At the end of every month, the accounting department submits a balance sheet, statement of profit and loss, and cash flow statement to the senior management team. These are all ________. A) personal observations B) statistical reports C) oral reports D) written reports

D) written reports

19) Raw, unanalyzed facts are called ________. A) data B) information C) database D) factoids

A) data

12) Disciplinary action is helpful to the organization because ________. A) employees know what to do to correct their undesirable behavior B) disciplined employees are less likely to leave the organization C) the manager will monitor the disciplined employee more closely D) after the first rule violation, problem employees are eliminated from the organization.

A) employees know what to do to correct their undesirable behavior

15) Donald discovers major flaws in the packaging department. He consults the production manager and formulates control measures to improve packaging. Here, Donald is using the ________ control. A) feedback B) reactive C) concurrent D) feedforward

A) feedback

23) An organization communicates openly to its employees about violent incidents in the workplace and what's being done to handle them. This is an example of a ________ control strategy. A) feedback B) reactive C) concurrent D) feedforward

A) feedback

13) An organization hires additional personnel as soon as they get a major contract. The organization is using ________ control. A) feedforward B) concurrent C) feedback D) management

A) feedforward

50) The dimension of trust that is used to describe honesty and truthfulness is ________. A) integrity B) competence C) consistency D) loyalty

A) integrity

47) Which one of the following is the type of power a person has because of his or her position in the formal organizational hierarchy? A) legitimate power B) coercive power C) reward power D) expert power

A) legitimate power

11) Which one of the following is true for satisfied employees with high organizational commitment? A) lower rates of turnover and absenteeism B) higher rates of voluntary turnover C) higher rates of cognitive dissonance D) lower levels of job involvement

A) lower rates of turnover and absenteeism

7) Which one of the following sources usually provides filtered information which cannot be documented? A) oral reports B) personal observations C) online reports D) written reports

A) oral reports

48) Clay is a transactional leader who can provide tangible rewards for good performance for his employees. Clay holds ________ power. A) reward B) legitimate C) coercive D) referent

A) reward

29) When people judge someone on the basis of their perception of a group to which that person belongs, they are using the shortcut called ________. A) stereotyping B) self-serving bias C) assumed similarity D) the halo effect

A) stereotyping

22) Diane wants to take corrective measures to prevent future theft. Which one of the following is a feedback tactic that Diane could use to control theft? A) use the services of professional investigators B) openly communicate the costs of stealing C) use corporate hotlines for reporting incidents D) educate and train employees about the policies

A) use the services of professional investigators

44) Joanna has a very clear idea of what she wants her team to accomplish and often works that idea into conversations with her subordinates. She uses unconventional and sometimes controversial means to achieve her ends, but her subordinates know she has their backs. Joanna can be described as a(n) ________ leader. A) telling B) charismatic C) authoritative D) participative

B) charismatic

25) The ability to sense how others are feeling is known as ________. A) agreeableness B) empathy C) sympathy D) relationship management

B) empathy

16) George gets along well with most people in the team. He is good at his job but needs to be reassured once in a while. Another of George's traits is that he is always trying to keep everyone happy. George can be described as a(n) ________ personality. A) sensing B) feeling C) introverted D) intuitive

B) feeling

25) Two areas in which corporate governance is being reformed are the role of boards of directors and ________. A) executive bonus systems B) financial reporting C) reports to stockholders D) reporting to government agencies

B) financial reporting

20) The words "I am the master of my fate, I am the captain of my soul" are consistent with someone who ________ A) is high in openness to experience B) has an internal locus of control C) has an external locus of control D) is out of control

B) has an internal locus of control

16) "We can't pay much but our clients could not manage without people like you in their lives." This statement indicates that the position has ________. A) low self-efficacy B) high task significance C) high task identity D) high feedback

B) high task significance

7) Herzberg called the factors that create job dissatisfaction ________ factors; when these factors are adequate, people won't be dissatisfied, but they won't be satisfied either. A) intrinsic B) hygiene C) motivating D) dissatisfiers

B) hygiene

17) Darren enjoys many genres of music and art. He has visited several European countries. It is very likely Darren is high in ________. A) emotional stability B) openness to experience C) conscientiousness D) agreeableness

B) openness to experience

10) The degree to which an employee identifies with a particular organization and its goals and wishes to maintain membership in the organization is the employee's ________. A) job involvement B) organizational commitment C) job satisfaction D) organizational citizenship

B) organizational commitment

5) Which one of the following sources of information for measuring performance is time consuming, obtrusive, and subject to personal biases? A) oral reports B) personal observations C) statistical reports D) written reports

B) personal observations

27) ________ theory explains how we judge people differently depending on what meaning we ascribe to a given behavior. A) Perception B) Behavior C) Attribution D) Stereotype

C) Attribution

25) ________ is a motivational approach in which an organization's financial statements are shared with all employees. A) Pay-for-performance B) Self-determination approach C) Open-book management D) I-Change model

C) Open-book management

8) The ________ component of attitude is based on emotions. A) cognitive B) behavioral C) affective D) spiritual

C) affective

22) People with high self-esteem ________. A) are more prone to conform to the beliefs of those they respect B) are more likely to seek approval from others C) are more likely to take unpopular stands D) are more susceptible to external influence

C) are more likely to take unpopular stands

13) Mary dislikes having to convince prospective customers to buy products that she believes are inferior to others in the market. However, she has sales targets for all products, superior or otherwise, that she must meet in order to receive her commission. Although Mary tries to meet the target sales for all products, she is torn between her beliefs and the actions she must take. This inconsistency or incompatibility is known as ________. A) negative feedback B) difficult objectives C) cognitive dissonance D) management by objectives

C) cognitive dissonance

28) If everyone who's faced with a similar situation responds in the same way, we can say the behavior shows ________. A) reliability B) consistency C) consensus D) internal attribution

C) consensus

11) Goal-setting theory says that ________. A) goals should be loosely defined and moderately challenging to maximize motivation B) a generalized goal of "do your best" is likely to be most effective in ensuring high performance C) difficult goals, when accepted, result in higher performance than do easy goals D) to be effective, goals set should be easily achievable for the top performers

C) difficult goals, when accepted, result in higher performance than do easy goals

2) In the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, when a company names an "Employee of the Month" and "Employee of the Quarter," the company is addressing employees' ________ needs. A) safety B) self-actualization C) esteem D) psychological

C) esteem

14) Charles wants to prevent problems before their occurrence. Which one of the following is the most desirable type of control to achieve this goal? A) proactive control B) preventive control C) feedforward control D) feedback control

C) feedforward control

17) At 3M, workers are allowed up to 15% of their paid time to devote to projects of their own choosing. For that time, workers have ________. A) high task identity B) high task significance C) high autonomy D) low feedback

C) high autonomy

18) As a flower arranger, Beth doesn't have to wait for someone to tell her. She can look at an arrangement and know whether she did a good job. Beth's job has ________. A) low task significance B) low skill variety C) high feedback D) high autonomy

C) high feedback

13) In a children's book, a locomotive was asked to pull a heavy train up a mountain. The "little engine," kept telling himself "I think I can. I think I can." The little engine was ________. A) high in need for affiliation B) low in commitment C) high in self-efficacy D) low in risk avoidance E) drunk

C) high in self-efficacy

23) Kevin is a whirlwind as a research and development supervisor. His colleagues are surprised that even though he makes decisions very quickly and always with less information than others, his decisions are as good as anybody else's. This information implies that Kevin has ________. A) high intuition B) high Machiavellianism C) high risk-taking ability D) low cognitive dissonance

C) high risk-taking ability

10) "No, James, you must start the timer after you lower the French fry basket into the fryer, not before." This supervisor is using ________. A) basic corrective action B) disciplinary action C) immediate corrective action D) delayed corrective action

C) immediate corrective action

2) The study of group behavior includes the study of ________. A) perception, motivation, and learning B) attitudes and personality C) norms, roles, and leadership D) organization structure and culture

C) norms, roles, and leadership

35) Jeremy is not in the habit of deciding everything on his own. He involves his team in the decision-making process as much as possible. He believes in communicating clearly and is always ready to help his team to get the best out of them. Jeremy's leadership style will be classified as which one of the following? A) telling B) selling C) participating D) delegating

C) participating

37) According to the path-goal theory, a manager who consults with subordinates and uses their suggestions exhibits what type of leadership behavior? A) directive B) achievement oriented C) participative D) supportive

C) participative

2) Statco, Inc., has struggled to meet projected revenues for each of the past ten quarters. The firm hired Mark Adams to design a control system and offer suggestions to improve the firm's performance. Which one of the following is a key activity that the proposed control system should perform? A) organizational planning B) organizational structuring C) performance measurement D) corporate governance

C) performance measurement

3) The control process assumes that ________. A) feedback is the only way to improve performance B) managers will be aware of the actions and activities of their employees C) performance standards are already in place D) employee monitoring costs are part and parcel of doing business

C) performance standards are already in place

9) According to the three-needs theory, the need for ________ is the need to make others behave in a way that they would not have behaved otherwise. A) control B) leadership C) power D) achievement

C) power

21) The company announced it would be laying off several workers because of the loss of several large orders. Employees wondered how the workers to be laid off would be selected. They were concerned with ________. A) equity B) distributive justice C) procedural justice D) need for achievement

C) procedural justice

11) The plant superintendent wants to know the value of products per man hour. She is concerned with ________. A) costs B) waste C) productivity D) profits

C) productivity

20) After seeing Tom's paycheck, Bob decided their inputs were nearly identical but Tom's check was much larger. Bob decided to make things fairer in his mind. He is most likely to ________. A) increase the quantity of his production B) focus on the quality of his production C) reduce his effort at work D) find another person to compare checks with

C) reduce his effort at work

4) Which one of the following needs is a lower-order need in Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory? A) social B) esteem C) safety D) self-actualization

C) safety

41) According to the path-goal theory, directive leadership will lead to higher employee satisfaction when there is ________ within a work group. A) cohesiveness B) high structure C) substantive conflict D) internal locus of control

C) substantive conflict

30) Bill, a manager at a consulting firm, has been keenly analyzing the performance of a new recruit who turns out to be extremely intelligent. He concludes that she will be a good manager in the future even though her interpersonal skills are not half as impressive. This conclusion on Bill's part seems to be the result of ________. A) stereotyping B) selective perception C) the halo effect D) assumed similarity

C) the halo effect

12) Goal-setting theory assumes that an individual is committed to the goal. Commitment is most likely when ________. A) goals are assigned and not self-set B) goals are not made public C) the individual has an internal locus of control D) the individual has low self-efficacy

C) the individual has an internal locus of control

4) Andrew has been tracking how many positions he has to fill, and how many times he fills the same position. He is concerned that so many people are leaving his organization. Andrew is concerned about ________. A) absenteeism B) employee attitudes C) turnover D) productivity

C) turnover

15) Which one of the following is true according to the MBTI®? A) Introverted types are practical and prefer routine and order. B) Feeling types use reason and logic to handle problems. C) Perceiving types are rigid and structured. D) Judging types want control and prefer their world to be ordered.

D) Judging types want control and prefer their world to be ordered.

23) Which one of the following is true about managing cross-cultural motivational challenges? A) Maslow's needs hierarchy largely remains unchanged across cultures. B) In masculine cultures such as Japan and Slovakia, the focus is on quality-of-life benefits. C) Recent evidence suggests that in collectivist cultures, especially in the former socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe, employees link pay solely to performance. D) Most current motivation theories were developed in America by Americans about Americans.

D) Most current motivation theories were developed in America by Americans about Americans.

26) ________ is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory impressions to give meaning to the environment. A) Attribution B) Selection C) Cognition D) Perception

D) Perception

14) The regular use of ________ can alert managers to potential problems and employees' intentions early enough to do something about them. A) employee engagement B) performance incentives C) employee benefit plans D) attitude surveys

D) attitude surveys

36) Which one of the following leadership styles describes a leader who provides little direction or support? A) telling B) selling C) participating D) delegating

D) delegating

29) When employee satisfaction is measured, employees seemed to be more satisfied under a(n) ________ leadership style than under a(n) ________ one. A) laissez-faire; participative B) supportive; laissez-faire C) democratic; directive D) democratic; autocratic

D) democratic; autocratic

38) Eddie generally lets subordinates know what's expected of them, schedules work to be done, and gives specific guidance on how to accomplish tasks. He would be termed a(n) ________ leader. A) high-structure B) situational C) supportive D) directive

D) directive

46) Juan is the person employees go to when knowledge of a topic was needed. Juan holds ________ power. A) legitimate B) reward C) referent D) expert

D) expert

19) If you believe that you control your own destiny, which one of the following personality traits are you likely to possess? A) external locus of control B) risk aversion C) high self-esteem D) internal locus of control

D) internal locus of control

28) Which one of the following describes the leadership style in which the leader generally gives the group complete freedom to make decisions and complete the work in whatever way it sees fit? A) facilitative style B) delegative style C) democratic style D) laissez-faire style

D) laissez-faire style

21) Though clearly capable, Martina does not seem very confident of herself. She is always unsure of whether she can handle assignments that are difficult and as a result ends up choosing jobs that are fairly straightforward and involve routine work. She is also susceptible to evaluations from other people. Martina seems to have ________. A) high cognitive dissonance B) a high Machiavellianism score C) low self-monitoring D) low self-esteem

D) low self-esteem