MGMT MIDTERM

Ball Game manufacturers A1 gold balls and prices these balls at about three times what ordinary golf balls cost. the A ball selss excpeitonally well beecause customers preieve its patented three layer construction to improve handling....

sustainable competitive advantage

An Australian manufacturer of surfboards wants to increase awareness of its brand in the U.S. market. A ____ plan to accomplish this objective might be to host a series of surfboard competitions in California .

tactical

Which of the following is an accurate comparison between tall organizations and flat organizations?

tall organizations foster more communication problems than flat organizations

_____ is the conversion process used by an organization to transform inputs into outputs.

technology

Organizations with a diverse workforce:

tend to have conflicts

When decision making is under a condition of uncertainty:

the alternatives are not known.

According to the job characteristics approach, task identity is _____.

the extent to which a worker does a complete portion of the total job

In the context of the job characteristics approach, skill variety refers to:

the number of things a person does in a job

In the context of the job characteristics approach, skill variety refers to:

the perceived importance of a task

Satisficing

the tendency to search for alternatives only until one is found that meets some minimum standard of sufficiency

A job description is most likely to provide information about:

the tools, materials, and equipment used to perform the job

Which of the following is an advantage of the web based training methods

they can be easily updated and revised

Which of the following statements is true about entrepreneurs?

they essentially start new businesses

which of the following is true about small businesses

they have a strong presence in the economy of the US

Which of the following statements is true about organic organizations?

they operate in unstable environments

In human resource management,_______usually refers to teaching operational or technical employees how to do the job for which they are hired.

training

a virtual organization:

typically has only a handful of permanent employees

In general, the biggest cause of worker resistance to change is _____.

uncertainty

Managers are most prone to error in a condition of _____.

uncertainty

Wendy is reluctant to accept a new job offer because she's worried about her ability to meet new job demands. The most likely reason for such employee resistance to change is _____.

uncertainty

When Beta Inc. acquired Redd Communications, there was a huge uproar by the staff of Redd Communications as there were rumors of staff reductions and operations closures. _____ was the cause for this reaction by the Redd Communications staff.

uncertainty

A manager who has a low-risk propensity would -make decisions aggressively -reach decisions quickly -easily invest large sums of money in support of his or her decisions -rely on intuition for his or her decision making -use the rational decision making model

use the rational decision making model

_____ was developed to increase the total number of tasks workers perform. As a result, all workers perform a wide variety of tasks, which presumably reduces the level of job dissatisfaction.

Job enlargement

_____ attempts to increase both the number of tasks a worker does and the control the worker has over the job.

Job enrichment

In________,the jobs do not change, but instead workers move from job to job.

Job rotation

3M is a highly innovative firm that is constantly seeking new markets and is oriented toward growth and taking risks. It uses a(n) __________ strategy. -reactor -analyzer -rescuer -defender -prospector

Prospector

According to the Miles and Snow model of business strategy, which of these strategies is the most appropriate for use in an unstable environment? -Defender -Reactor -Rescuer -Analyzer -Prospector

Prospector

Small businesses:

Provide big businesses with many of the services they need.

Employment requirements such as test scores and other qualification are legally defined as having a(n)______on minorities and women when such individuals meet or pass the requirement as a rate less than 80% of the great majority group members.

adverse impact

According to the text, the major problem associated with total factor productivity is that -it is not compatible with standard accounting principles -it does not tell the manager what to do to correct a problem -it is nothing more than a cost-benefit analysis -all ingredients must be expressed in the same terms -the data are too hard to obtain

all ingredients must be expressed in the same terms

intuition

an innate belief about something without conscious consideration

Service businesses:

appeal to the talent for innovation typified by many small enterprises

Teresa, a recruiter, needs to know basic information such as the name, educational background, and the work experience of a candidate she will be interviewing. Teresa can find this information in the candidates:

application blank

Small businesses

are a key source of new jobs in various industries

Entrepreneurs:

are involved in planning and organizing activities of a business venture.

When compared to flat organizations, tall organizations:

are more expensive

Mechanistic organizations:

are most frequently found in stable environments

Which of the following is the first step in human resource planning?

assessing external and internal trends

The company has all of its candidates who are qualfiable for promotion attend a five day evaluation session during which they take a battery test, interviews, and perform in stimulated works scenarios. The _______ method is used for the selection process in this scenario.

assessment center

​_____ are aimed at analyzing the current condition of an organization; this approach involves using questionnaires, opinion surveys, interviews, archival data, and meetings to assess the various characteristics of the organization.

diagnostic activities

when an automobile manufacturer learned that it took longer than any other manufacturer to assemble a vehicle, it purchased newer more flexible manufacturing systems to replace its older ones. which stage of the technology cycle is displayed?

discontinous change

Spoked Wheels Inc introduced a spec. mountain bike to the marked. 2/3 of its profits come from the sale of mountain bikes. it is recognized worldwide for its ability to produce superior mountain bikes that are tough durable and reliable. this is

distinctive competence

In the business world, the term_______is generally used to refer to demographic differences among people - differences in gender, age, ethnicity, and so forth

diversity

The _____ design is based on multiple businesses in related areas operating within a larger organizational framework.

divisional

Which of the following is a basic component of a total quality management strategy? a. Employee involvement b. Technology c. Materials d. Strategic commitment e. All of these choices

e. All of these choices

Ben is planning a ground-breaking ceremony for the company's new headquarters in Charlotte, North Carolina. He has a limited budget. He could spend money on renting ceremony equipment, renting air-conditioned tents, buying engraved shovels for the CEO and Governor, buying construction helmets with the company logo, and/or catering the reception after the ceremony. Ben is in which step of the rational decision-making process? a. Recognizing and defining the situation b. Evaluating alternatives c. Selecting the best alternatives d. Implementing an alternative e. Identifying Alternatives

e. Identifying Alternatives

Statistical quality control is a. a computerized quality control monitoring service. b. a team approach to quality control. c. useful only in determining completed items to reject. d. most useful in service organizations. e. a set of specific statistical techniques used to monitor quality control.

e. a set of specific statistical techniques used to monitor quality control.

Tactical plans a. require a planning staff for development. b. are used to react to unforeseen circumstances. c. are normally developed by the board of directors. d. cover many years. e. are an organized sequence of steps designed to execute strategic plans.

e. are an organized sequence of steps designed to execute strategic plans.

Which of the following is NOT a behavioral force that influences decision making? a. Intuition b. Coalitions c. Risk propensity d. Ethics e. Optimization

e. ethics

Porter's generic strategies classify firms by which of the following? a. Stagnant b. Growth c. Declining d. Analyzing e. Focus

e. focus

A single-use plan for a large set of activities is called a a. project. b. policy. c. standard operating procedure. d. rule. e. program.

e. program

Hewlett Packard contemplated selling its PC division. This is an example of change in ____. a. alignment b. synergy c. distinctive competence d. resource deployment e. scope

e. scope

The idea that the manufacturing costs per unit decrease as the number of units produced increases is known as _____.

economy of scale

Martin is trying to adopt more automated equipment in his soda bottling facility, and workers are resisting the change. When Martin decides to hold a meeting to explain to workers how the change will be beneficial to them, he is using _____ as a means of overcoming resistance to change.

education

Sarah has started a day care centre of her own. She makes the major decisions about how the centre runs, what services it provides, and at what prices. She has funded the venture with her own savings and will be taking up complete responsibility of the success or failure of the venture. Sarah is most likely a(n) _____.

entrepreneur

Ch. 5 : Jason has started a restaurant of his own. He makes all the major operational decisions and is completely liable for the profits and losses the restaurant makes. Jason is most likely to be a(n):

entrepreneur.

according to the classical decision model, managers

evaluate all aspects of a decision situation logically and rationally

Creating different teams for finance, production, and marketing is consistent with _____ departmentalization.

functional

A disadvantage of using interacting groups to make decisions is -group politics -an increase in programmed costs -too much brainstorming -faster decision making -void of expert opinion

group politics

Omega Inc., a large appliances company, went bankrupt because of a series of poor managerial decisions and a downturn in the economy. In retrospect, it would seem that there was too much emphasis on the group reaching a consensus decision whenever the managers were involved in decision making. As a result, many decisions by the managers at Omega were made to avoid conflict. What disadvantage of group decision making does this scenario represent?

groupthink

​_____ is a situation that occurs when a group or team's desire for consensus and cohesiveness overwhelms its desire to reach the best possible decision.

groupthink

a disadvantage of group decision making is

groupthink might occur

Organizations with a diverse workforce are most likely to _____when compared to less diverse organizations

have higher levels of productivity

After being laid off by their companies, many individuals recognized three options they could choose from before they could secure new jobs: to spend less, to use savings, or to use credit. In the context of the steps involved in the rational decision-making model, they were _____.

identifying alternatives

When Irene wants to buy new laptops for her marketing executives and she has to pick them up from a single brand that is preinstalled with the marketing software that her company needs, she's making a decision under a condition of _____.

imperfect information

According to the results of the class study, employee participation:

increases productivity and satisfaction

According to the results of a classic study, employee participation:

increases productivity and satisfaction.

When the first cell phone was released, only a few people could afford to buy it. Over the years, mobile manufacturers improved the phone designs and features and also reduced their cost to make them more affordable. This signaled the shift to the _____ stage of the technology cycle.

incremental change

A(n) _____ is a person who actually conceives of and develops the new idea, product, or service by means of the creative process.

inventor

A contingency plan... -is developed after considering possible events -is used in conjunction with the organization's originally developed plan -Can be used only at a strategic level -makes an organization less flexible -is necessary for organizations that face a dynamic environment

is developed after considering possible events

The nominal group decision-making technique

is used to generate creative and innovative ideas

One of the disadvantages of job specialization is that:

it does not offer challenges or stimulation to workers.

an alternative should be eliminated during evaluation if

it has several unaffordable consequences

One of the benefits of job specialization is that:

it makes employees proficient at a task.

Which of the following statements is true about the decision-making process

it requires that the nature of a particular situation be defined.

As an organization passes from one stage of the organizational lifecycle to the next, _____.

its coordination demands increase

Which of the following would require continually adding new tasks and challenges as part of the job design?

job enrichment

An attempt to assess the job related to other jobs is known as:

job evaluation

In _____, the jobs do not change, but instead workers move from job to job.

job rotation

Ken is a newly hired a police officer. He has been asked to spend a workday with a more experienced officer to learn about paperwork, how to handle accident scenes, how to interact with people, and other duties that he will be expected to perform. Which of the following concepts as illustrated in this scenario?

on the job training

Omega Corp. has a goal of increasing its production and reducing its overhead costs. To achieve this goal, the company has developed four alternate action plans. Its idea is to monitor how these plans work and then invest more in the plan that shows maximum results. This type of planning that allows for flexibility is known as _____.

option based planning

_____ is one of the three specific ways for promoting innovation in organizations.

organization culture

Image LLC, an advertising company, has recently received several long-term projects from leading companies. Image has decided to switch from functional departmentalization to cross-functional work teams to be able to perform better. This is an example of change in the area of

organization structure and design

Creativity was needed to improve efficiency without raising costs at one automobile maker. Over the last few years, the company has successfully implemented a creative engineering program that allows its plants to produce more than one type of car from the same assembly line. This successful change to a flexible manufacturing system is an example of ____.

organizational innovation

which of the following is not a component of a craetive work enviornment

orgnizational impediment

A company has introduced new rules and regulations and appraisal criteria to promote discipline and commitment among employees. This organization change is in the area of _____.

people

Omega Software Inc. is currently running a training program for employees to upgrade their software skills so that they are able to design more efficient software programs. Omega Software is attempting to make a change in the area of _____.

people

Which of the following forces for change is present in the task environment of an organization?

prices at which suppliers sell raw materials

Susan is a manager at a grocery store. Every morning when she enters the store, there are a series of steps that should be taken by her. She has to switch on all the lights, switch on the air conditioner, check if any product is expired, and check if the cash registers are working. In this context, Susan is following a(n) _____.

procedure

Relish Inc. is a large corporation in the food industry that manufactures canned foods, confectionery, and baked foods. The organization has a separate department for each of these types of food manufactured. Each department integrates all the activities required to manage their respective line of food. Which of the following types of departmentalization is illustrated in the scenario?

product departmentalization

A(n) _____ decision is a decision that is relatively structured or recurs with some frequency (or both).

programmed

Decisions regarding standard organizational transactions are most likely to be _____ decisions.

programmed

When the inventory manager of Cuisine Royale, a restaurant, decides to order a batch of brown bread because the stock is almost empty, she's making a(n) _____ decision.

programmed

​Nutrimax Inc. sponsors a football championship in Oriel in August every year. The championship is organized by the Oriel Football Association (OFA) to encourage new talent, and Nutrimax bears all the expenses incurred during the championship. The Oriel regional manager of Nutrimax sends across a check to the OFA in July of each year in order for them to prepare for the championship. The regional manager's decision about when to send the check to OFA is a(n) _____ decision.

programmed

Nutrimax Inc. sponsors a football championship in Oriel in August every year. The championship is organized by the Oriel Football Association (OFA) to encourage new talent, and Nutrimax bears all the expenses incurred during the championship. The Oriel regional manager of Nutrimax sends across a check to the OFA in July of each year in order for them to prepare for the championship. The regional manager's decision about when to send the check to OFA is a(n) _____ decision.

programmed decision

Because of slowing sales, Ace Glue started promoting innovative uses for its all-purpose glue. By searching for new market opportunities, the manufacturer of Ace Glue is using which type of adaptive strategy?

prospecting

the candinia government continues to uses high tariffs to make sure local farmers can earn a living. the tarriff onr ice in an example of

protectionism

Small businesses:

provide big businesses with many of the services they need.

small businesses:

provide big businesses with many of the services they need.

In the context of organization development techniques, coaching and counseling:

provide nonevaluative feedback to individuals

The National Association of Women Business Owners:

provides networking forums for entrepreneurs

The manager of a packaging and shipping company has set a goal of increasing the customer base by 2.5 percent in the next two months. In this scenario, the manager has set a _____.​

proximal goal

a cosmetic company that is considering entering the south american market woudl be especially interested

purchasing power

Tina works at a coffee shop. One of the four coffee machines at the coffee shop has not been functioning well; the same machine has broken down thrice in two weeks. Now, Tina is looking at the machine and trying to decide if the problem is a bad machine or if people are just using the machine wrong. Tina is currently _____.

recognizing and defining the decision situation

Programmed decisions:

recur more frequently than nonprogrammed decisions.

Managers with higher levels of risk propensity are more likely than their conservative counterparts to

rely heavily on intuition and gamble big investments on their decisions

The CEO of redd inc. Need to know the names of the line managers in the company who will soon be ready to take up positions in middle management. The CEO can obtain this information from the:

replacement chart

Job enrichment:

requires delegation of authority

A nonprogrammed decision:

requires more time and resources than programmed decisions.

Johnson recently launched a new electronics store invert Fremont. The store sells smart phones laptops mobile assessor he's from companies like Apple Samsung Sony in Phillips. The store operates in the_____industry.

retail

Ryan has started a store where customers can find a wide range of organic products manufactured by different companies. Ryans business Is in the______ industry

retail

In an attempt to stop declining profitability, ICI/chimos, a British chemical company, deleted petrochemical products from its production and concentrated on specialty chemicals, a less capital-intensive, less cyclical business. What type of a grand strategy was ICI using?

retrenchment

When the prices of oil came down, the demand for sport utility vehicles (SUVs) increased. Automakers chose to increase production of full-size SUVs as the profit from large vehicles is greater than that from small vehicles. Which step in the rational decision-making model is illustrated in the scenario?

selecting the best alternative and implementing it

The _____ industry provides a higher return on time invested than any other industry group

service

The _____ industry provides a higher return on time invested than any other industry group.

service

A finding of Woodward's study about forms of technology was that:

small batch organizations tended to have minimal bureaucracy

Jeanne owns a boutique in Paris and is best known for the formal suits that she stitches for working women. She makes customized suits for each of her customers, keeping their age, body type, and their appearance in mind. Which of the following technologies is Jeanne using in her boutique?

small batch technology

. A _____ is privately owned by one individual or a group of individuals and has sales and assets that are not adequate enough to meaningfully influence its environment.

small business

Gadgetbug, a gadget repair store, has 26 employees and operates in a two-storey building. The firm is well known in the community and the city in which it operates but not in the entire country. Gadgetbug manages to make annual sales of $80,000. Gadgetbug qualifies as a _____.

small business

Which of the following is true of a small business?

small businesses have a strong presence in the economy of the United States

AlphaWheels Inc. sell a range high-end bikes. Two-thirds of its profits come from the sale of these bikes. The bikes have a large share of a fast-growing market. According to the BCG matrix, the range of high-end bikes would be classified as a(n) _____.

star

Alpha Corp. has divided its business into a number of sub units. This organization change is an example of change in the area of _____.

structure and design

Decisions made by top managers involving strategy, such as signing mergers or making acquisitions, are examples of _____ decisions.

nonprogrammed

Venus Electronics Inc. decided to explore markets in different countries. It has now set up a branch in Selenasia. This is an example of a(n) _____ decision.

nonprogrammed

_______Is the financial rumuneration given by an organization to do employees in exchange for their work

compensation

before trex mobiles launched its latest smartphone,

design iteration

A business plan is most likely to contain:

Production strategies

A ______________ was developed when Chicago made a bid for the 2016 Olympics. -policy -program -rule -standard operating procedure -project

Program

A single use plan for a large set of activities is called a -rule -program -policy -standard operating procedure -project

Program

A single-use plan that has a more narrow scope than a program is called a(n) -agenda -project -rule -policy -standard operating procedure

Project

The biggest drawback of group and team decision making is the additional time and hence the greater expense entailed (T/F)

True

A disadvantage of the ____________ decision making model is that it does not use ethics. -behavioral -classical -administrative -sequential -bureaucratic

Classical

A(n) _________ is an informal group allied together for a common purpose. -interacting group -coalition -board of directors -action committee -department

Coalition

Which of the following statements is true about the administrative model of decision making?

It suggests that managers may not always make decisions that best serve the interests of their organizations.

Which of the following is a possible diagnostic activity in organization development?

Attitude surveys

The family medical leave act of 1993 requires employers to provide up to ______ your family and medical emergencies

12 weeks unpaid leave

Performance appraisal system in which managers are evaluated by everyone around them - their boss, their peers and their subordinates is known as:

360-degree feedback

The age discrimination in employment act for bids discrimination against workers above which of the following ages?

40yrs

A budget that deals with costs of major assets such as a new plant, machinery, or land is known as a _____ budget. a. capital expenditures b. expense c. revenue d. balance sheet e. cash flow

A

A company has all of its candidates who are qualifiable for promotion attend a five-day evaluation session during which they take a battery of tests, interviews, and perform in simulated work scenarios. The _____ method is used for the selection process in this scenario. a. assessment center b. job analysis c. structured orientation process d. attrition e. job deskilling

A

________is power that has been legitimized by the organization

Authority

A variable-ratio schedule is difficult to use for formal rewards such as pay because: a. it would be complicated to keep track of who was rewarded when. b. is the least powerful schedule in terms of maintaining the desired behaviors. c. it has a fixed number of desires to needed for each reinforcement. d. it typically weakens the behavior that has been previously rewarded. e. it does not motivate the employee to increase the frequency of the desired behavior.

A

A(n) _____ is usually computerized and contains information on each employee's education, work experience, and career aspirations. a. skills inventory b. statement of qualification c. article of incorporation d. job description e. bona fide occupational qualification

A

A(n) _____ represents a special compensation opportunity that is usually tied to performance. a. incentive b. wage c. benefit d. intangible reward e. salary

A

Claudia is trying to develop a communications plan for a new plant opening. She puts in many hours of overtime and eventually gives up and goes home without finishing the project. She is most likely in the _____ stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS). a. exhaustion b. verification c. preparation d. resistance e. alarm

A

Everyone working or volunteering for Girl Scouts goes through a background check before they can work with girls or handle money. This is an example of: a. preliminary control. b. structural control. c. information control. d. postaction control. e. screening control.

A

Identify the personality trait that is included in the Big Five Model of personality. a. Agreeableness b. Locus of control c. Authoritarianism d. Self-esteem e. Self-efficacy

A

Managers can improve the effectiveness of the control system by: a. integrating control with planning. b. correcting all deviations from standards. c. controlling as many things in the organization as possible. d. preventing the development of verification procedures. e. focusing only on quantifiable variables.

A

Officers in the US military have no control over employee pay. It is all based on time of service and rank. The military uses medals and ribbons to acknowledge excellence. The medals are an example of _____. a. inducements b. contributions c. intangible rewards d. stressors e. job tasks

A

Physical demands are stressors associated with _____ a. job settings b. role conflict c. decision making d. allotted tasks e. role ambiguity

A

Some smokers block out negative information about the health effects of smoking because they do not want to change their behavior. This is an example of _____. a. selective perception b. objective reality c. negative affectivity d. stereotyping e. attribution

A

The _____ lists the skills, abilities, and other credentials needed to do a job. a. job specification b. replacement chart c. statement of qualification d. job description e. article of incorporation

A

The _____ sets up a procedure for employees to vote on whether to have a union. a. National Labor Relations Act b. Taft-Hartley Act c. Fair Labor Standards Act d. Labor Management Relations Act e. Civil Rights Act of 1991

A

The final step in the control process is: a. considering corrective action. b. establishing standards. c. comparing performance against standards. d. measuring performance. e. expressing standards in measurable terms.

A

Which of the following is the most common means of financial control within organizations? a. Budgets b. Financial audits c. Benchmarking d. Ratio analysis e. Financial statements

A

Which of the following statements is true of auditing? a. Organizations contract with certified public accountants for external audits. b. External audits are handled by employees of the organization. c. External audits tend to be more expensive than internal audits. d. All organizations are required to have a permanent internal auditing staff. e. Publicly held corporations are required by law to have internal audits regularly.

A

Which of the following types of operations control relies heavily on feedback processes? a. Screening control b. Postaction control c. Financial control d. Preliminary control e. Strategic control

A

Workers at Windlock Works Inc. were instructed by their supervisor to increase productivity to 350 percent in the next three months. The workers are most likely to be challenged by goal _____.: a. difficulty b. congruity c. specificity d. acceptance e. conformity

A

_____ is a group based incentive reward system where the distribution of gains is tilted heavily toward the employees. a. Scanlon plan b. Merit pay c. Gainsharing d. Sales commission e. Piece-rate incentive plan

A

_____ is the process of categorizing or labeling people on the basis of a single attribute. a. Stereotyping b. Inducement c. Cognitive dissonance d. Negative emotionality e. Machiavellianism

A

_____ is the relatively stable set of psychological and behavioral attributes that distinguish one person from another. a. Personality b. Motivation c. Behavior d. Perception e. Attribution

A

Which of the following illustrates a programmed decision?

A cafe owner buys a hundred cartons of coffee every month.

Which of the following statements is true in the context of decision making under a condition of uncertainty?

A decision maker greatly relies on intuition, judgment, and experience

Abercrombie & Fitch uses its ability to manage its supply chain more effectively than most of its competitors to create -resource deployment -synergy -a distinctive competence -scope -alignment

A distinctive competence

When an entrepreneur pays a parent company and monthly percentage of the gross income of her business in return for using the parent company's name and product it is known as:

A franchise agreement

Which of the following is an advantage of buying an existing business?

A. Established a supplier relationships

Which type of layout would you expect to find in the manufacturing plant that makes Clif bars energy bars? -Functional -Product -Process -Fixed-Position -Specialized

Product

A(n) ____________ decision making model describes how decisions are made rather than prescribing how they should be made -nominal -classical -administrative -scientific -hierarchical

Administrative

The re-engineering process can be made effective by:

Adopting a hands-off leadership style

Managers can overcome resistance to change by:

Announces the change much in advance.

Venture capital companies:

Are federally licensed to grant the loans to businesses with more than 20 employees.

Mechanistic organization

Are most frequently found in stable environment

Reactive changes:

Are preferred to plan changes by successful organizations

A policy at Synergy Corp. states that the middle managers get a pay that is three times the pay of supervisors and the top managers get a pay that is six times the pay of first-line managers. The policy is regarding the _____ of Synergy. a. wage-level decision b. wage structure c. individual-wage structure d. benefit structure e. wage-benefit decision

B

Employees at GreenTech Inc. complete their schedules on time as every hour they take in excess may lead to a corresponding loss of pay. Their behaviors are strengthened through _____. a. Punishment b. Avoidance c. Extinction d. Positive reinforcement e. Incentives

B

Google partnered with Nielsen Co. to poll users about ads on Google+. Nielsen then packaged the information for advertisers. This was a response to advertiser complaints about the effectiveness of ads on the social network. This indicates that Google is placing an emphasis on _____ controls. a. financial b. operations c. structural d. development e. strategic

B

Identify the inducement that an organization provides to its employees. a. Loyalty b. Pay c. Skills d. Ability e. Effort

B

Identify the personality trait that a creative individual would most likely posses. a. Negative affectivity b. Openness c. Low agreeableness d. Intraversion e. High Machiavellianism

B

If an energy company wants to discover the effectiveness of its wind-turbine division in a particular state, it will use a(n): a. debt ratio. b. operating ratio. c. balance sheet ratio. d. liquidity ratio. e. return on investment.

B

In organizations, sales forecasting, economic forecasting, and environmental analysis are examples of the control of _____ resources. a. inventory b. information c. human d. financial e. physical

B

Inspection reports are used to monitor the quality of raw materials delivered to manufacturers. This is an example of _____ control. a. structural b. preliminary c. screening d. postaction e. financial

B

Jason, a manager, is working on a new project that involves a lot of statistics. Jason is looking for employees with a background in statistics. He can find this information in the _____ of his company. a. article of incorporation b. skills inventory c. job description d. replacement chart e. job specification

B

Jessica, a university student, accepts everything Prof. Hendricks has to say solely because he is the professor. It can be inferred that Jessica has _____. a. high self-esteem b. a highly authoritarian personalit c. internal locus of control d. a high risk propensity e. low self-efficacy

B

John began his company making herb vinegars from a recipe his grandmother had given him. As demand grew, he had to buy a large commercial kitchen. Which of the following ratios would a banker be most interested in before allowing John to borrow $500,000? a. Return on investment b. Debt ratio c. Liquidity ratio d. Balance sheet e. Operating ratio

B

Rewards tied specifically to _____ have the greatest impact on enhancing motivation. a. outcome b. performance c. ability d. effort e. skill

B

The control of _____ affects all the other resources in an organization. a. human resources b. financial resources c. physical resources d. inventory resources e. information resources

B

The temperature at Nettix Inc. is too cold for Royce to concentrate on his work. This is an example of work-related stressors categorized as _____. a. interpersonal demands b. physical demands c. client demands d. task demands e. role demands

B

Travis observes that one of his employees always refuses to look him in the eye. He wonders if the employee lacks respect for him. Later, Travis sees that other employees also fail to look him in the eye. Travis decides that the employees are not disrespectful of him, but rather that he must be intimidating them. Travis makes this attribution based on _____. a. stereotyping b. consensus c. consistency d. distinctiveness e. selective perception

B

When human resource managers determine how much each worker in a particular wage grade will be paid, they are making a(n) _____ decision. a. benefit-level b. individual wage c. wage-structure d. wage-level e. overall-benefit

B

Which of the following is an effective individual strategy for managing diversity? a. Treating everyone the same without regard for their fundamental human differences b. Fostering tolerance c. Forming culturally and ethnically homogenous work teams d. Limiting interpersonal communication e. Using micromanagement techniques for managing minority groups

B

_____ needs in Maslow's hierarchy involve realizing one's potential for continued growth and individual development. a. Security b. Self-actualization c. Social d. Esteem e. Physiological

B

_____, sometimes called indirect compensation, are things of value other than compensation that an organization provides to its workers. a. Ratings b. Benefits c. Appraisals d. Rankings e. Scrap rates

B

_____is an ideal method for training employees in group decision making. a. Programmed learning b. Role-playing c. The lecture method d. Assigned reading e. Vestibule training

B

Nokia and Samsung makes cell phones. They operate in the_______industry

B. Manufacturing

Jason worked as a manager for 30 years in a leading corporation who now works with the small business administration. As he wishes to help small businesses, he provides free consultation and assistance to new entrepreneurs. Jason is most likely to belong to:

B. Small business management consultant

In a _____, the entrepreneur summarizes the business strategy and how the strategy is to be implemented.

Business plan

A major advantage of incentives relative to merit systems is that: a. incentives are provided only one time, based on that level of performance. b. individuals receive the same amount or larger irrespective of their performances over the years. c. incentives do not accumulate by becoming part of an individual's salary. d. the base salary of an individual is unaffected by lower incentives. e. these plans remain static and cannot be modified by an organization.

C

A manager gives her employees a variable bonus every month based on resulting cost savings every time they exceed their sales quota. This type of incentive pay is known as _____. a. pay-for-knowledge b. profit sharing c. gainsharing d. lump-sum bonus e. fixed-rate pay

C

A publisher of children's books only uses recycled paper for all its products. This is an example of _____ operations control. a. postaction b. structural c. preliminary d. decentralized e. screening

C

According to the expectancy theory, which of the following conditions must be met for motivated behavior to occur? a. Performance-to-outcome expectancy must be less than zero b. The individual must believe that effort and performance are unrelated c. Effort-to-performance expectancy must be greater than zero d. Sum of the valencies for an outcome must be less than zero e. Every outcome must have a negative valence

C

Amelia believes that if she tries hard to eliminate distractions and concentrate on her work, she will learn to do her job more efficiently. Amelia has: a. low effort-to-performance expectancy. b. moderate effort-to-performance expectancy. c. high effort-to-performance expectancy. d. moderate performance-to-outcome expectancy. e. low performance-to-outcome expectancy.

C

An arrangement where an employee works a traditional schedule one week and a compressed schedule the next, getting every other Friday off is called as _____. a. job sharing b. compressed work schedule c. nine-eighty schedule d. flextime e. traditional work schedule

C

Ana is a police detective. She believes that she is just as good a detective as her male counterparts. Because she is female, many of her counterparts assume that she will type up their reports as well as her own. She has been doing this typing for a while and is increasingly feeling underrewarded for her efforts. In terms of _____, she will decrease her inputs by refusing to do additional work and try to reduce the gap between work and rewards. a. reinforcement theory b. two-factor theory c. equity theory d. hierarchy of needs theory e. expectancy theory

C

The purpose of bureaucratic control is to: a. produce performance above minimum acceptable standards. b. support employee participation in the control function. c. get employee compliance. d. increase group performance. e. increase employee self-control.

C

When a manager tries to encourage social interaction among his subordinates, he is trying to address their need for _____. a. security b. self-actualization c. belongingness d. physiological e. esteem

C

When a subordinate has outstanding performance and his or her supervisor publicly praises it, the supervisor is using: a. an intrinsic reward. b. avoidance. c. positive reinforcement. d. extinction. e. punishment.

C

Which of the following is a weakness associated with budgeting? a. Budgets do not facilitate effective control. b. Budgets do not allow managers to identify problem areas. c. Budgets can limit innovation and change. d. Budgets fail to link planning and controlling. e. Budgets hamper coordination between departments.

C

Which of the following is true about individual incentive plans? a. They are most likely to be used when performance can be subjectively assessed. b. They are focused at increasing a person's base salary at the end of every year. c. They are used to reward individual performance on a real-time basis. d. They are used to provide individual performances with non monetary rewards. e. They are focused to recognize efforts rather than individual performances.

C

_____ are consequences of behaviors in an organizational setting, usually rewards. a. Performance b.Need deficiencies c. Outcomes d. Valences e. Commitments

C

_____ is an effective method to use for training employees about ethical dilemmas and ethical decision making. a. Job specialization b. The lecture method c. Case discussion groups d. Programmed instruction e. On-the-job training

C

_____ is an intangible determinant of individual performance. a. Attribution b. Management c. Motivation d. Personality e. Contribution

C

_____ is defined as intentionally seeking and hiring qualified or qualifiable employees from racial, sexual, and ethnic groups that are underrepresented in an organization. a. Adverse impact b. Indirect form of discrimination c. Affirmative action d. Direct form of discrimination e. Validation

C

_____ needs are at the top of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. a. Belongingness b. Security c. Self-actualization d. Physiological e. Esteem

C

_____ refers to pay awarded to employees on the basis of the relative value of their contributions to the organization, which is a performance-based reward arrangement for individuals. a. Incentive pay b. Gainsharing c. Merit pay d. Scanlon plan e. Piece-rate incentives

C

The_______industry provide a higher return on time invested than any other industry group.

C. Service

_____ is the process of grouping jobs according to some logical arrangement.

Centralization

A basic assumption on which the expectancy theory is based on is that: a. people are motivated to seek social equity in the rewards they achieve for performance. b. people do not make decisions about their own behaviors in organizations. c. people make choices based on the extent to which a given behavior will lead to undesired outcomes. d. behavior is determined by a combination of forces in the individual and in the environment. e. different people have the same type of needs, desires, and goals.

D

Advertising, campus interviews, employment agencies, and union hiring halls are all _____ methods. a. realistic job preview b. validation c. job evaluation d. external recruiting e. job analysis

D

An attempt to assess the worth of each job relative to other jobs is known as _____. a. benefit determination b. performance appraisal c. job analysis d. job evaluation e. the wage-level decision

D

An organization with a diverse workforce: a. is least likely to require communication. b. is most likely to have low productivity. c. is most likely to have a high turnover. d. is most likely to have a competitive advantage. e. is least likely to have conflicts.

D

Before submitting a final policy memo, analysts may modify certain recommendations based on feedback from experts and the general public. This is an example of _____ control. a. postaction b. financial c. structural d. screening e. preliminary

D

Brenda, a senior engineer at Machineworks Inc., sets herself difficult goals and assumes personal responsibility for the performance of her subordinates. Brenda most likely has a high need for _____. a. esteem b. security c. affiliation d. achievement e. potential

D

Chandra has been a bank manager at the same bank for 35 years. She is vital to the bank and has a high level of autonomy and variety in her work. Her organizational commitment is likely to be high due to her _____.: a. low organizational citizenship b. dissatisfaction with her work c. cognitive dissonance d. years with the organization e. negative affectivity

D

Employees at an accounting agency are prohibited from using social networking websites while at work. Their personal e-mails are also closely monitored for reasons of confidentiality. The control system at this organization suffers from: a. undercontrol. b. lack of accountability. c. lack of standards. d. overcontrol. e. inappropriate focus

D

Hermes is a taxi service that asks customers to fill out an online feedback form once their ride is complete. Hermes is making use of _____ operations control. a. screening b. decentralized c. structural d. postaction e. preliminary

D

Individual behavior that makes a positive overall contribution to an organization is called _____. a. positive inducement b. motivational behavior c. perceptive contribution d. organizational citizenship e. performance behavior

D

Lucy's work is above average as far as quality and quantity of production goes however, she refuses to do anything beyond the strict performance of her required job tasks. This is an example of: a. burnout. b. a person with an external locus of control. c. a Type B personality. d. poor organizational citizenship. e. cognitive dissonance.

D

Monitoring the administrative ratio to make sure staff expenses do not become excessive is an example of _____ control. a. postaction b. strategic c. information d. structural e. operations

D

Prolonged exposure to a stressor without resolution can bring on the _____ stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS). a. resistance b. burnout c. alarm d. exhaustion e. conflict

D

Under which of the following circumstances will an employee feel a need deficiency? a. When she receives recognition for a job well done b. When she attains self-actualization c. When she feels that her tasks are challenging d. When she feels she is underpaid e. When she is motivated to perform a job

D

When Amy is in a room full of strangers she becomes energized to interact with them. Which of the following personality traits does Amy portray? a. Machiavellianism b. Locus of control c. Authoritarianism d. Extraversion e. Conscientiousness

D

Which of the following perspectives on motivation concerns "what" motivates people rather than "how" they are motivated? a. Reinforcement b. Expectancy c. Equity d. Content e. Process

D

Which of the following programs applies the concepts of reinforcement theory? a. Two-factor theory b. Modified workweek c. Work redesign d. Organizational behavior modification e. Attribution theory

D

_____ is a pattern of action by the members of an organization that directly or indirectly influences organizational effectiveness. a. Organizational commitment b. Cognitive dissonance c. Psychological contract d. Workplace behavior e. Person-job fit

D

_____ is an attitude that reflects the extent to which an individual is gratified by or fulfilled in his or her work. a. Cognitive dissonance b. Organizational citizenship c. Organizational commitment d. Job dissatisfaction e. Positive affectivity

D

Organizations make the decision of whether to have a centralized or decentralized international control system when they are addressing issues of ____ control. a. bureaucratic b. screening c. preliminary d. financial e. strategic

E

Organizations with a diverse workforce are most likely to _____ when compared to less diverse organizations. a. have higher levels of turnover b. foster fewer conflicts c. have a lack of understanding of different market segments d. have higher levels of absenteeism e. have higher levels of productivity

E

_______is the process of systematically delegating power and authority throughout the organization to the middle and lower level managers.

Decentralization

Which of the following is a disadvantage of functional departmentalization?

Decision making may tend to become slower as the organization grows.

AOL eliminated fees to some subscribers to try to attract more users. AOL was using a(n) ____ strategy. a. analyzer b. star c. reactor d. prospector e. defender

Defender

A(n) ________ strategy is a plan chosen and implemented to support specific goals, such as an increase of market share by 5%. -valid -synergistic -reliable -deliberate -emergent

Deliberate

Macy Computers Inc. faced a major software error that brought all work in the company to a standstill. Roger, the CEO, arranged for a panel of well-known engineers in the state to estimate the time that it would take for the error to be set right. Each engineer made an estimate and sent it to the group's leader, Dr. Rajesh. Dr. Rajesh averaged the estimates and sent the average back out to the group. People who had submitted unusual estimates were asked to say why those estimates were chosen. Roger used a(n) _____to help his company get rid of the software crisis.

Delphi Group

Which of the following exemplifies the first step in the comprehensive organization change model?

Determining the probable causes of a recently detected drop in the level of employee satisfaction.

A cafeteria benefits plan: a. allows employees to take a certain number of unpaid leaves. b. pays extra wages to employees for work they do during their lunch hour. c. reimburses employees for their food and transportation expenses. d. provides performance-linked incentives to employees. e. allows employees to choose from a set of optional benefits.

E

An example of judgmental performance measure is _____. a. number of units produced b. dollar volume of sales c. scrap rate d. total sales e. ranking

E

At Omega Inc., a fixed amount of money is added to the salaries of employees if their performance exceeds a predetermined level of expectation. A smaller portion of the amount is added if the employees' performances just meet the expected level. Omega is most likely to be motivating their employees with _____. a. intangible benefits b. progressions c. appraisals d. rankings e. incentives

E

At a high school, final examinations are held online. During the examination, the difficulty level of questions assigned to students is modified based on how well individual students perform. This is an example of _____ operations control. a. preliminary b. decentralized c. postaction d. structural e. screening

E

During surgery, surgeons make quick decisions knowing the consequences of a wrong one. They are most likely to feel stress due to _____. a. physical demands b. interpersonal demands c. role demands d. creative demands e. task demands

E

Identify the contribution made by an individual to a psychological contract. a. Job security b. Pay c. Recognition d. Benefit e. Effort

E

In human resource management, _____ usually refers to teaching operational or technical employees how to do the job for which they were hired. a. development b. job rotation c. deskilling d. job specialization e. training

E

Jan works as a salesperson. She generally achieves the expected targets but has also failed several times. For the previous month, she performed better than all her team members and achieved a huge sales volume. Even though Jan has not achieved her targets on several occasions during the past one year, her supervisor ranked her as number one. This is an example of how a(n) _____ can influence a performance appraisal. a. severity error b. average error c. halo error d. source monitoring error e. recency error

E

The Civil Rights Act of 1991: a. sets standards for safe working conditions. b. limits union powers. c. increases punitive damages in lawsuits. d. requires employers to provide up to 12 weeks of paid leave for family and medical emergencies. e. makes it easier for employees to sue an organization for discrimination.

E

When Caryl feels stress, anxiety, fear, or anger, she prays so that her emotions do not interfere with her work. Afterward she is more productive. Identify the emotional intelligence (EQ) dimension illustrated by Caryl's praying. a. self-awareness b. risk propensity c. social skill d. empathy e. managing emotions

E

Which of the following is an example of dysfunctional behavior? a. Agreeableness b. Organizational citizenship c. Cognitive dissonance d. Extraversion e. Racial harassment

E

Which of the following is true of the liquidity ratio? a. It reflects an organization's ability to meet long-term financial obligations. b. It helps estimate an organization's ability to cover interest expenses on borrowed capital. c. It shows managers and investors how much return an organization is generating relative to its assets. d. It indicates the effectiveness of specific functional areas in an organization. e. It indicates how easily an organization's assets are converted into cash.

E

Which of the following statements is true in the context of effectively managing diverse workforces? a. Tolerance is not required to effectively function in a diverse workforce. b. Any effort to treat everyone the same, without regard for their fundamental human differences, will reduce problems. c. Limiting communication among different ethnic groups is an effective way of handling conflicts in a diverse organization. d. A diverse workforce can be managed effectively by not acknowledging the differences among people. e. Organizations can more effectively manage diversity by following practices and procedures that are based on flexibility.

E

Which of the following types of control focuses on leadership and technology control systems? a. Structural b. Bureaucratic c. Operations d. Screening e. Strategic

E

____ is a counterproductive side affect of using punishment as a reinforcement method. a. Motivation b. Commitment c. Empowerment d. Participation e. Resentment

E

_____ control attempts to monitor the quality or quantity of resources before they enter an organization. a. Postaction b. Financial c. Structural d. Screening e. Preliminary

E

_____ is the extent to which a person experiences anxiety or is poised, calm, resilient, and secure. a. Extraversion b. Agreeableness c. Openness d. Conscientiousness e. Neuroticism

E

_____ is the financial remuneration given by an organization to its employees in exchange for their work. a. Insurance b. Progression c. Validation d. An intangible benefit e. Compensation

E

_____ thinking is a skill that allows people to see similarities between situations or events. a. Differentiated b. Divergent c. Cognitive d. Convergent e. Creative

E

Jason has started a restaurant of his own. He makes all the major operational decisions and is completely liable for the profits and losses the roof restaurant makes. Jason is most likely to be a:

E. Entrepreneur

Who among the following is most likely to be an entrepreneur?

E. Mariam has taken a loan to fund her new café

A __________ is privately owned by one individual or a group of individuals and has sales in assets that are not adequate enough to meaningfully influence it's

E. Small business

A(n) ___________ strategy is a pattern of action that develops over time in an organization in the absence of mission and goals, or despite mission and goals. -Reliable -Valid -Emergent -Synergistic -Deliberate

Emergent

Which of the following statements is true about entrepreneurs?

Entrepreneurs assume the risks of their business ventures.

The normal process within an organization that leads to a system decline is known as______.

Entropy

The top management at American ink. Recently initiated an employee motivation drive to improve employee morale and intern decreased turnover rates. It has now commission a statistics firm to check the effect of its initiative on the employee morale. Which type of the comprehensive approach to change is illustrated in this scenario?

Evaluation and follow-up

A delphi group is not used daily because it has its disadvantages. Which of the following is NOT its disadvantage? -Expense -Process -Time -Expert Cooperation -Logistics

Expert Cooperation

A Forever 21 retail store creates value and provide place and time utility by bringing together the customer and products made by others (T/F)

False

As international strategy in which the company attempts to combine the benefits of global scale efficiencies with the benefits and advantages of local responsiveness is called global strategy. (T/F)

False

Existing groups or teams can be ad hoc committees, task forces, or newly constituted work teams (T/F)

False

The behavioral model of decision making assumes that the manager has perfect information (T/F)

False

U.S. businesses have regained their competitive positions in many different manufacturing industries. (T/F)

False

Relish Inc. is a large corporation in the food industry that manufactures canned foods, confectionery, and baked

Product departmentalization

When compared to flat organizations tall organizations:

Foster fewer communication problems

Creating different teams or finance, production, and marketing is consistent with_______departmentalization.

Functional

_____ departmentalization groups together those jobs involving the same or similar activities.

Functional

At Gamma Inc., there are separate departments of employees who specialize in sales, service maintenance, customer service, and accounting. What form of departmentalization does Gamma use?

Functional departmentalization

The______design is essentially a holding company that results from unrelated diversification

H - form

The _____ design is essentially a holding company that results from unrelated diversification.

H-form

Tall organizations:

Have more managers than flat organizations

The most important element of a business plans financial plan is the cash budget, which shows:

How much money is needed to start the business and it keep it operating

The set of activities directed at attracting developing and maintaining an effective workforce is called:

Human Resource Management

A consulting firm calculates an efficiency index for each of its consultants by dividing each consultant's total hours of work by the number of billable hours. This is a measure of ____________ productivity -differential -labor -unit -company -individual

Individual

_________Is the extent to which an organization is broken down into subunits

Integration

A(n) _______ group is the most common form of a decision making group. -task -interacting -Delphi -unilateral -nominal

Interacting

The top executives at Delta Inc. have decided to reorganize the corporation from product divisions into geographical sectors. This is a _____ force for change.

Internal

A(n)_______ is a person who actually conceived of and develops the new idea, product, or service by means of the creative process.

Inventor

One of the benefits of job specialization is that:

It Significantly increases employee satisfaction

Which of the following is an advantage of job specialization?

It decreases transfer time between tasks.

Which of the following statements is true about the process of decision making?

It includes putting the chosen alternative to practice.

Jimmy owned an ice cream parlor. He designed a schedule for the different task the employees have to perform in order to prevent monotony at work. According to the schedule if an employee makes waffle cones on one day, he serves ice cream the next day and clear the tables on the day after that Jimmy is using the_________approach at his ice cream parlor.

Job rotation

_____ involves systematically moving employees from one job to another.

Job rotation

is the degree to which the overall task of the organization is broken down and divided into smaller component parts.

Job specialization

_______is an organization development (OD) technique that helps employees formulate their personal goals and evaluate strategies for integrating their goal with the goals of the organization.

Life and career planning

Which of the following factors is responsible for the failure of a small business?

Managerial inexperience

Delta LLC. Purchases at raw materials such as leather and canvas from suppliers and processes them into finished shoes. Delta LLC. Operates in the _______ industry

Manufacturing

Who among the following is most likely to be an entrepreneur?

Mariam has taken a loan to fund her new café.

A wide span of management in a flat organization may result in a manager having________

More administrative responsibility

Which of the following statements is true about small businesses in the United States?

Most U.S. workers are employed by small firms.

Identify an accurate statement about small businesses and large businesses.

Most of the products made by big manufacturers are sold to consumers by small businesses.

Identify the true statement about small businesses.

New jobs are also being created by small firms specializing in international business.

identify a true statement about small businesses

New jobs are also being created by small firms specializing in international business.

The term span of management refers to the:

Number of people reporting to a particular manager

Substantive modification to some part of an organization is known as_____.

Organization change

A change in organizations culture is an example of change in the area of:

Organization structure

AirTran Airlines (formerly ValuJet) has an airplane fleet that is older than those owned by other airlines. This is a potential ____ because it can give the company an image of poor quality or unsafe planes. -strategic limitation -organizational opportunity -organizational threat -entropy -organizational weakness

Organizational Weakness

To overcome resistance to change, top management of a company discusses with its employee policies and procedures that it proposes to bring in and also seeks their involvement in the change process. This scenario illustrates the_______technique that helps reduce resistance to change.

Participation

When a firm decides to decrease the number of first line managers it has, and thus increasing the span of management the first line managers, it is making a change in the area of:

People

When compared to tall organizations, flat organizations:

Place more supervisory responsibilities on managers.

Which of the following forces for change is present in the task environment of an organization?

Prices at which suppliers sell raw materials

Adolph Coors Company heavily developed Zima brand beer that was targeted to Generation Xers, but Zima gained only a small share of a rapidly growing market. According to the BCG matrix, Zima is an example of a a. question mark. b. rising star. c. star. d. barking dog. e. cash cow.

Question Mark

A New York Times journalist was taken hostage by the Taliban. Special Forces created a(n) _______ plan and rescued the journalist. -organizational -standing -reaction -functional -action

Reaction

Job enrichment:

Requires delegation of authority

​Samantha runs a store that exclusively sells handmade vegan cosmetics. The store has a wide range of products manufactured by different companies. The store is relatively small in size and Samantha did not have to invest a lot in it. She knows that only a small segment of customers buy such products and she exclusively focuses on them. Which of the following can be inferred from the scenario?

Samantha uses a niche strategy in the retail industry

Jenny runs a small boutique in New Orleans and has five employees working under her. Lately, she has noticed that her boutique has not been delivering customer orders on time, and she has realized that it is because of the rise in the number of customers and insufficient manpower. She has decided to employ another five employees. Which step of the change process is illustrated in the scenario?

Selection of an appropriate change technique

A _____________ organization is one that transforms resources into an intangible output and creates time and place utility for its customers. -Service -Manufacturing -distribution -not-for-profit -retailing

Service

Pet care salons skin clinic's in daycare centers are all examples of businesses operating in the________industry

Service

Which of the following statements is true about the service industry?

Service businesses are the fastest-growing segment of small-business enterprise.

In the re-engineering process, the first step involves:

Setting goals and developing a strategy

Which of the following is a true statement about small businesses and large businesses?

Small businesses are about as likely to innovate as large businesses

Which of the following is a true statement about small businesses and large businesses?

Small businesses are about as likely to innovate as large businesses.

Identify an accurate comparison between small businesses and large businesses.

Small businesses are better than large businesses in identifying niches.

Which of the following is a true statement about small businesses?

Small businesses are the first to hire in times of economic recovery.

. Which of the following is true of small businesses?

Small businesses have a strong presence in the economy of the United States.

Which of the following is a good strategy for small businesses?

Starting service businesses

A(n) _________________ for Choice Waste Management could be "to develop a recycling campaign for rural communities of less than 1000 customers". It would develop naturally out of a strategic goal seeking "to increase recycling by 10% everywhere." -Operational Goal -Operational Plan -Mission Statement -Tactical Goal -Vision

Tactical Goal

Which of the following is an accurate comparison between tall organizations and flat organizations?

Tall organizations foster more communication problems and flat organizations

Watches.com, an online watch store, recently adopted a new enterprise resource planning (ERP) system to help keep track of the company's inventory and to deliver customers' orders on time. The company's adoption of the new ERP system reflects a change in the area of_______.

Technology and operations

When organizational changes involves planned alternation of work sequence or work activities, the change primarily occurs in the area of _____.

Technology and operations

Which of the following statements is true in the context of decision making under a state of risk?

The decision maker uses probability estimates to assess alternatives

According to the job characteristics approach, tax identity is

The extent to which a worker does a complete portion of the total job

identify an advantage of a franchising agreement

The franchiser can grow rapidly from franchising agreements

Organizational size is defined as:

The total number of full-time or full-time equivalent employees in an organization

Which of the following statements is true about small businesses?

The vast majority of small firms are owner-operated

When managers apply their values to decision making there is an opportunity for better ethics, which is a good aspect of bounded rationality (T/F)

True

Which of the following is an accurate statement about small businesses?

They are likely to eliminate jobs at a far higher rate than large companies.

Which of the following statements is true about entrepreneurs?

They essentially start new businesses.

A Six Sigma defect rate is six standard deviations above the mean rate. (T/F)

True

A contingency plan is usually done as an action plan (T/F)

True

A reaction plan is usually short range and is done after something changed. (T/F)

True

A triathlon uses a product layout (T/F)

True

According to bounded rationality, people's habits and skills limit their decisions (T/F)

True

According to bounded rationality, people's habits and skills limit their decisions. (T/F)

True

An impulsive CEO can turn a deliberate strategy into an emergent strategy. (T/F)

True

A virtual organization:

Typically has only a handful of permanent employees

A furniture manufacturer in Durham, North Carolina, has a pay-for-knowledge compensation system in which an employee's hourly wage depends on how many different jobs she or he can do. Which of the following statements describing research results about such program is FALSE? -They increase workforce flexibility -They are an effective means of increasing productivity -The key to the success of such programs is rewards -Unions support such programs because they give the worker more voice in operations -They reduce the number of employees required

Unions support such programs because they give the worker more voice in operations

A product layout MOST likely would be found in an organization -using continuous flow (process) technology -in the service sector -using small-batch technology -producing custom-made products -using large-batch (mass production) technology

Using large-batch (mass production) technology

The_______of an organizational life cycle is characterized by growth and the expansion of organizational resources.

Youth

Activist investors often try to influence a board to sell off a business unit if it does not have a lot of synergy with other business units. To gain enough influence with the board, these investors usually require -a coalition -intuition -bounded rationality -interacting group behavior -an escalation of commitment

a coalition

Which of the following statements is true in the context of decision making under a condition of uncertainty?

a decision maker greatly relies on intuition, judgement, and experience

A taxi company has a policy that it will never hire women drivers. This scenario illustrates:

a direct form of discrimination

Hospital refuses to employ male nurses. This illustrates

a direct form of discrimination

Delphi Group

a form of group decision making in which a group arrives at a consensus of expert opinion.

direct foreign investment

a method of investment in which a company builds a new business or buys an existing business in a foreign country

Goals are classified according to their ____ when the terms quality, productivity, and innovation are applied to them. a. area b. specificity c. time frame d. function e. level

a. area

In the short-term people may lose their jobs, but in the long-term jobs are generally created by a. automation. b. flexible manufacturing. c. CAD. d. CAM. e. CIM

a. automation

The manager who has difficulty identifying alternatives and assessing their probabilities is experiencing a. decision making under uncertainty. b. decision making under absolute certainty. c. decision making under risk. d. decision maker's creativity block. e. decision making with fear.

a. decision making under uncertainty.

Who has the formal authority and responsibility for an organization's management? a. Line managers b. Chief executive officer c. Board of directors d. Planning staff e. Executive committee members

a. line managers

A single-use plan that has a more narrow scope than a program is called a(n) a. project. b. policy. c. standard operating procedure. d. rule. e. agenda.

a. project

The first step in the decision-making process is a. recognizing and defining the situation. b. brainstorming. c. the generation of alternatives. d. the expression of a willingness to be innovative. e. implementation.

a. recognizing and defining the situation.

Facebook has high market share and high market growth rate, which would make it a ____. a. star b. question mark c. dog d. cash cow e. rising star

a. star

the performance scores of each of the employees of a company are compared against a standard score and employees with scores lesser than a part. score are penalized. the company used a BLANK method

absolute

A year before the census, the federal government hired tens of thousands of temporary workers to prepare for the count. This is an example of a(n) _________ plan -functional -reaction -contingency -standing -action

action

One of the major tasks for movies like The Chronicles of Narnia is to create costumes for various species that reflect the mythical persona and that can be worn by humans for lengthy periods of time. ____ could be used to speed up the development process. a. Robotics b. Computer-aided design c. Computer-integrated manufacturing d. Computer-aided manufacturing e. Flexible manufacturing systems

b. Computer-aided design

If you make a decision that does not turn out as planned Warren Buffet advises, "When you find yourself in a hole, stop digging." What behavioral influence on decision making does this advice attempt to prevent? a. Intuition b. Escalation of commitment c. Empathy d. Risk propensity e. Political forces

b. Escalation of commitment

Will is evaluating a stack of resumes and eliminates any candidate that does not hold a Master's degree. Which criterion for evaluating a decision alternative do these candidates fail to meet? a. Feasibility b. Satisfactoriness c. Affordability d. Consequences e. Rationality

b. Satisfactoriness

Which of the following is NOT an example of a basis of relatedness for implementing related diversification? a. Similar technology b. Similar human resources c. Common brand name and reputation d. Common customers e. Common distribution and marketing skills

b. Similar human resources

Which of the following organizations would provide the consumer with time and place utility through its operations management function? a. United Technologies Corporation when it manufactures Otis elevators b. The NYC subway c. Sealed Air, maker of bubble wrap d. Kincaid, furniture maker e. Reed and Reed, building construction

b. The NYC subway

Which of the following statements about programmed decisions is FALSE? a. To make a programmed decision, it must be possible to develop some rule for making the decision. b. The use of programmed decisions should be limited to noncritical situations. c. The decision situation in which programmed decisions should be used needs to be fairly structured. d. In many instances, programmed decisions can be computerized. e. Programmed decisions deal with repetitive situations.

b. The use of programmed decisions should be limited to noncritical situations.

A(n) ____ is an informal group allied together for a common purpose. a. action committee b. coalition c. board of directors d. interacting group e. department

b. coalition

A(n) ____ strategy is a plan chosen and implemented to support specific goals, such as an increase of market share by 5 percent. a. valid b. deliberate c. reliable d. emergent e. synergistic

b. deliberate

Which of the following directly follows from the organization's mission? a. Operational plans b. Strategic goals c. Tactical goals d. Tactical plans e. Functional plans

b. strategic goals

When one disposable shaver maker introduced a three-blade shaver, the other introduced three blades within months. They repeated the process with four blades. This is an example of a. product aping. b. tactical imitation. c. product emulation. d. product integration. e. strategic imitation.

b. tactical imitation

A product layout MOST likely would be found in organizations a. using small-batch technology. b. using large-batch (mass production) technology. c. using continuous flow (process) technology. d. producing custom-made products. e. in the service sector.

b. using large-batch (mass production) technology.

During a job interview, Sarah asked the HR manager if the company would provide her a family insurance or retirement plan she was discussing the _______that companies generally offer

benefits

The marketing managers of a company are having a conflict over how they can improve the marketing strategy of their company. the managers are disagreeing on the views presented by each other based on their experiences and knowledge. the managers are engaged in a BLANK

c type conflict

Which of the following is NOT an example of an interacting group? a. Standing committee b. Task force c. Delphi group d. Functional department e. Ad hoc committee

c. Delphi group

Joyce wants to decrease turnover. She can change hiring practices, improve benefits, improve wages, or provide an annual bonus. She chooses a year-end bonus because it keeps payroll lower and should quickly affect turnover. This example suggests that Joyce is at which step in the decision-making process? a. Developing a set of rational alternatives b. Evaluating decision effectiveness c. Selecting which alternative to implement d. Recognizing and defining the decision situation e. Evaluating the possible alternatives

c. Selecting which alternative to implement

Which of the following is the BEST example of a standard operating procedure? a. The "Do Not Litter" sign in the city park b. The high school plan for dealing with a student with a learning disability c. The Dairy Queen restaurant's plan for how to make a banana split d. The way students are selected for college admission e. The plan to build an equestrian site for the 2004 Olympics

c. The Dairy Queen restaurant's plan for how to make a banana split

Inappropriate goals a. focus almost entirely on qualitative factors. b. are not tied to the organization's reward system. c. are not consistent with the organization's mission. d. focus almost exclusively on qualitative factors. e. are not viewed as impossible for employees to achieve.

c. are not consistent with the organization's mission.

Which of the following types of plans is least subject to change because of the time frame involved? a. Strategic b. Functional c. Contingency d. Tactical e. Operational

c. contingency

Operations management can BEST be used to improve speed by a. maximizing the number of approvals needed so that mistakes are caught beforehand, then moving ahead at full speed. b. using individual work assignments because of the clear accountability that results. c. starting from scratch, which usually enhances speed more than modifying current systems. d. rigidly adhering to schedules. e. eliminating elements of the organization culture that have been ineffective.

c. starting from scratch, which usually enhances speed more than modifying current systems.

In decision making, a condition of _____ exists when a decision maker knows what the alternatives are and what conditions are associated with each alternative.

certainty

Professor Campbell needs to recommend a biology textbook for his senior class. Only two well-known publishers, Educate and WordTree, publish biology textbooks in the state, and both publishers are known for the clarity and extensiveness of their content. When Campbell chooses a textbook from one of the two publishers, he is making a decision in a state of _____.

certainty

Mark was the person who was in charge of the plan to reinvent Supernova Automobiles. He played a major role in making a shift to building solar-powered automobiles from making regular fuel-powered cars. Mark was a(n) ____.

change agent

Zen Electricals Inc. has internal experts who help executives learn about how others see them and improve their performance in the future. The company is using the organization development technique called _____.

coaching and counseling

CLM is a big cable company. The company has recently declared bankruptcy and needs to engage in restructuring in order to give it more flexibility and allow it to raise capital. Since it has identified the need for strategic change, what would be the organization's next step in this strategy-making process?

conducting situation analysis

Which of the following statements BEST reflects the proper approach to goal setting? a. Top executives set goals for everyone in the organization. b. Goals should be set starting from the bottom of the organization. c. Individual goals should be set first and then organizational goals. d. Managers should set goals for their own level in the organization. e. Middle managers set goals for all managers lower than them.

d. Managers should set goals for their own level in the organization

Which of the following statements about the relationship between productivity and quality is true? a. There is no relationship between productivity and quality. b. Increased productivity means decreased quality. c. Higher quality results in higher productivity. d. Productivity and quality are inversely related. e. All of these choices

d. Productivity and quality are inversely related.

____ is the totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that determines its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs. a. The needs satisfaction index b. The operations effectiveness ratio c. The productivity/efficiency ratio d. Quality e. Synergistic effectiveness

d. Quality

A(n) ____ strategy is a pattern of action that develops over time in an organization in the absence of missions and goals, or despite missions and goals. a. valid b. deliberate c. reliable d. emergent e. synergistic

d. emergent

Many small companies sell their products through Amazon. Sometimes the product ships from an Amazon warehouse and other times it ships from the small company. Amazon is part of the a. raw materials and component parts. b. in-process inventories. c. finished-goods inventories. d. in-transit inventories. e. maintenance, repair, and office inventories.

d. in-transit inventories.

The expiration of a pharmaceutical drug patent allows generic drug makers to introduce the same chemical compound under a different name and at lower prices. This is an example of ____ for the developer of the original drug. a. organizational weakness b. strategic limitation c. entropy d. organizational threat e. organizational opportunity

d. organizational threat

United Continental Holdings includes Continental Airlines, United Airline, Chelsea Food Services, and United Cruises, because it was thought that they can accomplish more joined together than they can operating as separate units. Which advantage of related diversification does this best represent? a. Reducing overhead b. Creating a distinctive competence c. Innovation d. Synergy e. Reducing business dependence

d. synergy

Business-level strategy focuses primarily on a. which markets to enter and how to use the firm's money, people, and physical facilities. b. which markets to enter and in what areas the firm may have a competitive edge. c. which markets to enter and how the parts of the organization enhance the entry. d. the areas in which the firm may have an advantage and how much various organizational parts enhance each other. e. the firm's competitive advantage(s).

d. the areas in which the firm may have an advantage and how much various organizational parts enhance each other.

_____ is the process of systematically delegating power and authority throughout the organization to middle- and lower-level managers.

decentralization

Ryan, the production manager at the Tan Shoes Company, chose the cheapest leather-cutting machine from a set of five machines from different manufacturers. Ryan was engaged in _____.

decision making

The process of choosing one alternative from among a set of alternatives is called _____.

decision making

Claire is faced with an issue and wants to come up with a rational decision regarding the issue. Which of the following steps should Claire take first in order to make a rational decision?

define the problem

Fran Wilson Creative Cosmetics is a medium-sized U.S. company that sells 1.5 million tubes of its lipstick annually in Japan. It has no physical presence within the country beyond the fact its products are sold there. Fran Wilson Creative Cosmetics uses ____ to reach the Japanese market.

exporting

Alpha Motors Inc. was affected by the recession in 2008. The company had to make extensive changes to its organizational structure and design. This scenario illustrates how _____ forces affect organizations.

external

Unions negotiating for higher wages is an example of a(n) _____ force for change.

external

Advertising campus interviews employment agencies and union hiring halls are all ________ methods

external recruiting

In the context of the job characteristics approach, _____ refers to the extent to which a worker knows how well the job is being performed

feedback

expatriate trainees who were assigned work in china were placed in chinese neighborhoods for a day to interact with citizens and to gather information about the country and its culture . in this context, the trainees were engaged in

field simulations

Relish LLC. spent a lot of resources to open an exclusive outlet of low-fat pizzas made from organic ingredients. Relish made huge sales on the pizzas. Relish enjoys customer loyalty because it introduced the pizza range before any of its competitors. Which of the following concepts is illustrated in the scenario?

first mover advantage

A(n) _____ is any advantage that comes to a firm because it exploits an opportunity before any other firm does.

first-mover advantage

Jimmy owns an ice cream parlor. He designs a schedule for the different tasks the employees have to perform in order to prevent monotony at work. According to the schedule, if an employee makes waffle cones on a day, he serves ice creams the next day and clears the tables on the day after that. Jimmy is using the _____ approach at his ice cream parlor.

job rotation

_____ involves systematically moving employees from one job to another.

job rotation

You are reading the document that says that a job applicant must have good writing skills, be a citizen of the United States, and have a degree in management. You are reading a:

job specification

German chip manufacturer, Infineon AG, has joined with Motorola Inc. and Agere Systems Inc. to establish a new company in order to develop and license chip designs for cellphones. These three companies have created a _____.

joint venture

Top managers at Phoenix inc. Are all computer engineers and are highly regarded by other companies. They are frequently approached by executive search firms with information about openings at other companies the managers are examples of:

knowledge workers

In organizations using _____, the product is manufactured in assembly-line fashion by combining component parts into another part or finished product.

large batch technology

Enlightened Minds is a software services firm that uses routine training programs, seminars by eminent developers, and discussion forums to keep employees updated on the recent developments in the software field. Enlightened Minds is an example of a(n) _____.

learning organization

Which of the following statements is true about sources of financing for entrepreneurs?

lending institutions such as banks are more likely to help finance the purchase of an existing business than a new business

​Which of the following statements is true about sources of financing for entrepreneurs?

lending institutions such as banks are more likely to help finance the purchase of an existing business than a new business

The reengineering process can be made effective by:

limiting employee participation in the process.

a manager who has a high level of risk propensity is likely to

make decision quickly

​One disadvantage of hiring management consultants to solve problems in business is that

management consultants can be expensive and charge high fees for their services

More than any other industry, the _____ industry lends itself to big business.

manufacturing

Which of the following is an example of identifying a new niche in an established market?

modifying a computer so that it is usable by untrained persons

one advantage of group decision making is

more acceptance of the final decision

A _____ is a segment of a market that is not currently being exploited.

niche

​_____ serve fewer customers than other providers.

wholesalers

Dan wants to start a supermarket in his hometown, and wants to get into the business only after finding out about the market and how successful his business might be. The best way for Dan to gain knowledge is to

work in a supermarket before starting his own

The _____ of an organizational life cycle is characterized by growth and the expansion of organizational resources.

youth