MGMT363 - Chapter 6 (SmartBook Questions Only)

In terms of equity theory, what is the term for the process in which people think about things in new ways in order to regain intellectual balance, but do not change their behaviors? Multiple choice question. - Ratio reapportionment - Inequity balancing - Equity distress - Cognitive distortion

- Cognitive distortion.

Which dimension of psychological empowerment refers to an employee's belief that they can perform their job successfully? Multiple choice question. - Impact - Competence - Meaningfulness - Self-determination

- Competence.

Which of the following best characterizes task complexity under goal setting theory? Multiple choice question. - The degree to which a person accepts a goal and is committed to trying to reach it - The difficulty of performing and learning about a task and whether the task changes - Problem-solving approaches used to achieve successful performance - The updates on employee progress toward goal attainment

- The difficulty of performing and learning about a task and whether the task changes.

According to expectancy theory, an individual's effort level depends on three factors: expectancy, instrumentality, and Multiple choice question. - Self-efficacy. - Competence. - Feedback. - Valence.

- Valence.

According to expectancy theory, which of the following statements concerning motivational force is true? Multiple choice question. - Motivation increases as unsuccessful performance is linked to more and more attractive outcomes. - Motivation increases as successful performance is linked to fewer and fewer attractive outcomes. - Motivation decreases as successful performance is linked to more and more attractive outcomes. - Motivation increases as successful performance is linked to more and more attractive outcomes.

Motivation increases as successful performance is linked to more and more attractive outcomes.

Direction, intensity, and (BLANK) are the components of motivation that contribute to an employee's work.

Persistence.

Drag the example of self-efficacy to its source. - Verbal persuasion - Emotional cues - Past accomplishments - Vicarious experiences Match with these selections. - Harley enrolls in an MBA program because friends and family have convinced her that she can succeed. - Harley's best friend recently earned an MBA from the same university and recommended the program enthusiastically. - Harley earned a 3.9 GPA in her undergraduate program, and that bolsters her confidence about doing well in graduate school. - Harley is extremely nervous about being back in a classroom after almost ten years and is unsure about succeeding in an MBA program.

Verbal persuasion - Harley enrolls in an MBA program because friends and family have convinced her that she can succeed. Emotional cues - Harley is extremely nervous about being back in a classroom after almost ten years and is unsure about succeeding in an MBA program. Past accomplishments - Harley earned a 3.9 GPA in her undergraduate program, and that bolsters her confidence about doing well in graduate school. Vicarious experiences - Harley's best friend recently earned an MBA from the same university and recommended the program enthusiastically.

An employee has just learned that a coworker, who has less experience and education, is earning a higher salary. Which three of the following actions would be the most likely results of this equity distress? Multiple select question. Choose all that apply. - Asking the boss for a raise - Becoming angry or envious - Experiencing guilt and working harder - Reducing efforts on the job

- Asking the boss for a raise. - Becoming angry or envious. - Reducing efforts on the job.

According to equity theory, we examine our own efforts and results and contrast them with the efforts and results of other employees. What term is used to describe these other workers? Multiple choice question. - Outcome evaluators - Comparison others - Reference checkers - Equity contrasts

- Comparison others.

Which dimension of psychological empowerment refers to an employee's belief that they can perform their job successfully? Multiple choice question. - Impact - Competence - Self-determination - Meaningfulness

- Competence.

Tyler works in customer service for a large financial services firm but wants to ultimately work as a financial analyst, so is taking advantage of training opportunities and seeking challenging assignments that can enhance work skills. Which dimension of psychological empowerment is Tyler attempting to build ? Multiple choice question. - Meaningfulness - Impact - Self-determination - Competence

- Competence. Reason: Self-determination in terms of empowerment concerns the choice of work tasks on the job, not gaining competence for long-term goals.

What term describes the phenomenon in which workers become upset after comparing their equity with others? Multiple choice question. - Equity equilibrium - Equity distress - Fluctuating inequity - Educational equity

- Equity distress.

Which of the following motivation theories considers the ratio between outcomes and inputs and recognizes that outcomes depend in part on what occurs in the lives of others? Multiple choice question. - Two-drive theory - Expectancy theory - Goal-setting theory - Equity theory

- Equity theory

What theory asserts that motivation is based on what a person considers to be fair when compared to others? Multiple choice question. - Task theory - Equity theory - Goal theory - Efficacy theory - Expectancy theory

- Equity theory.

What theory of motivation suggests that motivation depends on individuals' perceptions of their life and what occurs in lives of others? Multiple choice question. - Equity theory - Expectancy theory - Learned needs theory - Goal setting theory

- Equity theory.

Drag each group of examples to its corresponding type of need. - Existence - Relatedness - Control - Esteem - Meaning Match these terms with one of these. - Water, food, shelter - Autonomy, accountability - Accomplishment, recognition, personal worth - Friendship, companionship, acceptance - Development of personal potential; achievement of higher purpose

- Existence Water, food, shelter - Control Autonomy, accountability - Esteem Accomplishment, recognition, personal worth - Relatedness Friendship, companionship, acceptance - Meaning Development of personal potential; achievement of higher purpose

A student believes that studying hard for the next organizational behavior test will result in good performance. What kind of belief does this exemplify? Multiple choice question. - Empowerment - Valence - Management - Expectancy

- Expectancy.

True or false: If any of the three beliefs of expectancy, instrumentality, and valence is higher than zero, motivation will be higher than zero. True false question. - True - False

- False. Reasoning: It doesn't matter how confident you are if performance doesn't result in any outcomes, and it doesn't matter how well performance is evaluated and rewarded if you don't believe you can perform well.

True or false: Research suggests that women are more likely to view money as representing freedom, respect, and achievement than are men. True false question. - True - False

- False. Reasoning: Research suggests that men are more likely to view money as representing achievement, respect, or freedom than are women.

Gale is responsible for developing the organization's strategic plan. She and her manager meet weekly to discuss her progress. Which type of moderator on task performance does this exemplify? Multiple choice question. - Feedback - Goal commitment - Intensity of effort - Task complexity

- Feedback.

Gale is responsible for developing the organization's strategic plan. She and her manager meet weekly to discuss her progress. Which type of moderator on task performance does this exemplify? Multiple choice question. - Goal commitment - Intensity of effort - Feedback - Task complexity

- Feedback.

"Money is a tool to enable me to travel and do what I want." Which dimension of the symbolic value of money is emphasized in this statement? Multiple choice question. - Achievement - Respect - Esteem - Freedom

- Freedom.

"Money is a tool to enable me to travel and do what I want." Which dimension of the symbolic value of money is emphasized in this statement? Multiple choice question. - Freedom - Respect - Esteem - Achievement

- Freedom.

The determination with which employees establish a goal and the efforts they will take to achieve it is called Multiple choice question. - Goal commitment. - Goal valence. - Instrumentality. - Goal complexity. - Task complexity.

- Goal commitment.

The determination with which employees establish a goal and the efforts they will take to achieve it is called Multiple choice question. - Instrumentality. - Goal complexity. - Task complexity. - Goal commitment. - Goal valence

- Goal commitment.

Which theory of motivation argues that objectives determine the work actions of people? Multiple choice question. - Equity theory - Learned needs theory - Expectancy theory - Goal setting theory

- Goal setting theory.

Which of following is the aim of an action and serves as the primary driver of the intensity and persistence of effort for the action? Multiple choice question. - Value - Need - Valence - Goal

- Goal.

Which of following is the aim of an action and serves as the primary driver of the intensity and persistence of effort for the action? Multiple choice question. - Value - Valence - Goal - Need

- Goal.

Tony is a member of a small research team for a pharmaceutical company. One of the aspects of his job that he loves best is that he can readily point to his contributions to the team's projects and genuinely feels like he makes a difference in the success of the team. Which dimension of psychological empowerment does this demonstrate? Multiple choice question. - Self-determination - Meaningfulness - Impact - Competence

- Impact.

A student believes that doing well on the next test will ensure an A in the course. These thoughts demonstrate what type of belief? Multiple choice question. - Complicity - Past accomplishments - Instrumentality - Adherence

- Instrumentality.

A student believes that doing well on the next test will ensure an A in the course. These thoughts demonstrate what type of belief? Multiple choice question. - Instrumentality - Complicity - Past accomplishments - Adherence

- Instrumentality.

An employee complains after a performance review, "I don't get it. I got the top rating in the department, but I got the same raise as everyone else, even the slackers. Obviously, our raises don't depend on how hard you work or how good a job you do!" According to expectancy theory, this employee would be described as having low ______ . Multiple choice question. - Effort - Competency - Adherence - Instrumentality - Self-efficacy

- Instrumentality.

People who believe that a successful performance will result in a certain outcome are experiencing Multiple choice question. - Expectancy. - Competency. - Instrumentality. - Adherence. - Valence.

- Instrumentality.

The term (BLANK) describes the belief that, "If I do a good job, I'll receive the outcome I desire."

- Instrumentality.

In terms of equity theory, a(n) ______ refers to an employee examining others within the same organization. Multiple choice question. - External comparison - Equity distressor - Contrast assessor - Internal comparison

- Internal comparison.

What type of motivation is involved when an employee finds internal satisfaction in doing a job well? Multiple choice question. - Extrinsic - Intrinsic - Innate - Expectant

- Intrinsic.

Rauda is passionate about her job as an adoption counselor at the local humane shelter. She feels that her job helps her fulfill the value she places on saving the lives of homeless animals. Which element of psychological empowerment does this exemplify? Multiple choice question. - Competence - Self-determination - Meaningfulness - Empowerment

- Meaningfulness.

What is the term for groups of beliefs or results that people believe are physically and mentally important? Multiple choice question. - Needs - Demands - Desires - Hopes

- Needs.

Purchasing manager Chelan compares her situation with that of purchasing managers in other similar-sized companies. What type of comparison is Chelan performing? Multiple choice question. - Occupational equity - Company equity - Job equity - Compensation equity

- Occupational equity.

In terms of equity theory, which of the following would be considered outcomes? Multiple select question. Check all that apply. - Pay - Effort - Promotions - Performance

- Pay. - Promotions.

Which of the following would be considered "positively valenced" outcomes for most people? Multiple select question. Choose all that apply. - Demotion - Salary increase - Recognition - Work suspension

- Salary increase. - Recognition.

Which dimension of psychological empowerment is experienced by employees who have a degree of autonomy in their work tasks? Multiple choice question. - Impact - Persistence - Meaningfulness - Self-determination

- Self-determination.

Which dimension of psychological empowerment is experienced by employees who have a degree of autonomy in their work tasks? Multiple choice question. - Meaningfulness - Self-determination - Persistence - Impact

- Self-determination.

One of the aspects that Ricardo loves best about running a branch office is that the people in headquarters leave him alone and give him considerable latitude in making decisions for the branch. Which component of psychological empowerment does this represent? Multiple choice question. - Impact - Self-determination - Meaningfulness - Competence

- Self-determination. Reasoning: Sense of choice.

A college dean asks an instructor to develop course lectures for an organizational behavior course by the end of the semester. In order to monitor progress against this goal, the instructor establishes mini-milestones, such as planning to develop lectures for at least two chapters per week. What term describes these internalized milestones? Multiple choice question. - Equity distress - Cognitive valence - Task compliance - Self-set goals

- Self-set goals.

According to goal setting theory, what are three variables that determine whether supervisors' goals will affect their employees' work actions? Multiple select question. Choose all that apply. - Goal commitment - Task complexity - Expectancy - Task complicity - Feedback

- Task complexity. - Feedback.

Which three of the following are reasons an employee may be more motivated than his or her counterparts? Multiple select question. Choose all that apply. - The employee has easy or abstract goals. - The employee has feelings of expectancy and instrumentality. - The employee has specific, challenging, and achievable goals. - The employee has feelings of psychological empowerment. - The employee experiences inequity.

- The employee has feelings of expectancy and instrumentality. - The employee has specific, challenging, and achievable goals. - The employee has feelings of psychological empowerment.

What is most likely to happen if employees feel that they have less equity in their workplaces? Multiple choice question. - They would feel a high level of self-efficacy. - They would take on specific and difficult goals. - They would show a high level of citizenship. - They would take actions against their workplaces.

- They would take actions against their workplaces.

When you compare your situation with that of a comparison other, you realize that your ratio of outcomes to inputs is significantly less than the other person's. According to equity theory, you would now perceive yourself to be in which state? Multiple choice question. - Recompense equality - Equity - Underreward inequity - Overreward inequity

- Underreward inequity.